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Alignment of Instruction for: TOCC MAT 122 Instru ctional Conte nt Area Unit # Content Theme Mathematical Practices PO’S Description A-SSE.1 A-SSE.2 A-SSE.3 A-CED.2 A-CED.4 A-REI.1 A-REI.2 A-REI.3 Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. Use the structure of an expression to identify ways to rewrite it. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. 1st Day of Instruc tion Bench marks # of Instruc tional Days/ Weeks Model with mathematics. Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression. Look for and make use of structure. Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. 1 Simplifying Expressions/Solving Equations Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations. Explain each step in solving a simple equation as following from the equality of numbers asserted at the previous step, starting from the assumption that the original equation has a solution. Construct a viable argument to justify a solution method. Solve simple rational and radical equations in one variable, and give examples showing how extraneous solutions may arise. Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters. 8/7 2 Functions, Equations, Graphs TOCC MAT 122 2 A-CED.1 F-IF.4 F-IF.7 F-IF.8 F-BF.1B F-LE.2 F-BF.1C F-BF.4 Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Use appropriate tools strategically. Attend to precision. Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases. Look for and make use of structure. Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain different properties of the function. 8/26 4 9/20 3 10/14 3 Combine standard function types using arithmetic operations Compose functions Find inverse functions. 3 4 Solving Inequalities Systems of Equations A-CED.3 A-REI.3 A-REI.6 A-REI.5 A-REI.12 Construct linear and exponential functions, including arithmetic and geometric sequences, given a graph, a description of a relationship, or two input-output pairs (include reading these from a table). Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or non-viable options in a modeling context. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Model with mathematics. Look for and make use of structure. Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters. Prove that, given a system of two equations in two variables, replacing one equation by the sum of that equation and a multiple of the other produces a system with the same solutions. Solve systems of linear equations exactly and approximately (e.g., with graphs), focusing on pairs of linear equations in two variables. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. Use appropriate tools strategically. Graph the solutions to a linear inequality in two variables as a half-plane (excluding the boundary in the case of a strict inequality), and graph the solution set to a system of linear inequalities in two variables as the intersection of the corresponding half-planes. Attend to precision. Look for and make use of structure. Use the method of completing the square to transform any quadratic equation in x into an equation of the form (x – p)2 = q that has the same solutions. Derive the quadratic formula from this form. Solve quadratic equations by inspection (e.g., for x2 = 49), taking square roots, completing the square, the quadratic formula and factoring, as appropriate to the initial form of the equation. Recognize when the quadratic formula gives complex solutions and write them as a ± bi for real numbers a and b. 5 Quadratic Equations A-REI.4 A-REI.7 A-SSE.3 F-IF.7A F-IF.8A Solve a simple system consisting of a linear equation and a quadratic equation in two variables algebraically and graphically. Factor a quadratic expression to reveal the zeros of the function it defines. Complete the square in a quadratic expression to reveal the maximum or minimum value of the function it defines. Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima. Use the process of factoring and completing the square in a quadratic function to show zeros, extreme values, and symmetry of the graph, and interpret these in terms of a context. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. Use appropriate tools strategically. Attend to precision. Look for and make use of structure. 11/7 3 Explain how the definition of the meaning of rational exponents follows from extending the properties of integer exponents to those values, allowing for a notation for radicals in terms of rational exponents. Rewrite expressions involving radicals and rational exponents using the properties of exponents. 6 Radical Functions N-RN.1 N-RN.2 N-CN.1 N-CN.2 F-IF.7B N-CN.7 N-CN.8 Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. Use appropriate tools strategically. Know there is a complex number i such that i2 = −1, and every complex number has the form a + bi with a and b real. Attend to precision. Look for and make use of structure. Use the relation i2 = –1 and the commutative, associative, and distributive properties to add, subtract, and multiply complex numbers. 1/6 3 1/29 3 Solve quadratic equations with real coefficients that have complex solutions. Extend polynomial identities to the complex numbers. Graph square root, cube root, and piecewisedefined functions, including step functions and absolute value functions. Understand that polynomials form a system analogous to the integers, namely, they are closed under the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication; add, subtract, and multiply polynomials. 7 Polynomials A-APR.3 A-APR.2 A-APR.1 A-APR.5 F-IF.7C Know and apply the Remainder Theorem: For a polynomial p(x) and a number a, the remainder on division by x – a is p(a), so p(a) = 0 if and only if (x – a) is a factor of p(x). Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. Use appropriate tools strategically. Attend to precision. Identify zeros of polynomials when suitable factorizations are available, and use the zeros to construct a rough graph of the function defined by the polynomial. Know and apply the Binomial Theorem for the expansion of (x + y)n in powers of x and y for a positive integer n, where x and y are any numbers, with coefficients determined for example by Pascal’s Triangle. Graph polynomial functions, identifying zeros when suitable factorizations are available, and showing end behavior. Look for and make use of structure. 8 Rational Functions A-APR.6 F-IF.7D Rewrite simple rational expressions in different forms; write a(x)/b(x) in the form q(x) + r(x)/b(x), where a(x), b(x), q(x), and r(x) are polynomials with the degree of r(x) less than the degree of b(x), using inspection, long division, or, for the more complicated examples, a computer algebra system. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. Graph rational functions, identifying zeros and asymptotes when suitable factorizations are available, and showing end behavior. Use appropriate tools strategically. 9 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. 2/24 4 3/24 4 Attend to precision. Look for and make use of structure. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. Understand the inverse relationship between exponents and logarithms and use this relationship to solve problems involving logarithms and exponents. F-LE.1 F-LE.2 F-LE.3 F-BF.5 F-IF.7E Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Graph exponential and logarithmic functions, showing intercepts and end behavior, and trigonometric functions, showing period, midline, and amplitude. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. Distinguish between situations that can be modeled with linear functions and with exponential functions. Attend to precision. Use appropriate tools strategically. Look for and make use of structure. Construct linear and exponential functions, including arithmetic and geometric sequences, given a graph, a description of a relationship, or two input-output pairs (include reading these from a table). Observe using graphs and tables that a quantity increasing exponentially eventually exceeds a quantity increasing linearly, quadratically, or (more generally) as a polynomial function. 1st Semester Final Exams: December 20, 21, 22 2nd Semester Final Exams: May 21, 22, 23