Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Today’s Objectives: • Describe and give examples of the types of body motions that occur in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes. • Identify the locations and functions of the muscles of the head and neck. • Identify the locations and functions of the trunk muscles. • Identify the locations and functions of the muscles of the upper limb. • Identify the locations and functions of the muscles of the lower limb. Lesson 5.3: The Major Skeletal Muscles What We’re Covering Today • directional motions • head and neck muscles • trunk muscles • upper limb muscles • lower limb muscles Major Skeletal Muscles • There are more than 650 skeletal muscles in the human body. • Most of the muscles we will look at are arranged in agonist-antagonist pairs. • Remember: The agonist-antagonist muscle pairs oppose each other’s movements. Skeletal Muscle Attachments Directional Motions Skeletal muscles attach at either end of the muscle; the most common attachments are tendon connections to the bone. origin o The end of a muscle that attaches to a relatively fixed structure. insertion o The end of a muscle that attaches to a bone that typically moves when the muscle contracts. o Example: o Origin of the brachialis begins on the humerus, while the insertion point is on the ulna. When the brachialis contracts, the forearm (ulna) is pulled toward the upper arm, while the upper arm remains stationary. In line with forward and backward motions. Frontal Plane o Sagittal Plane o Brachialis In line with sideways movement Transverse Plane Rotational movements Sagittal Plan Movements Flexion o Forward bending motion of the head, trunk, upper arm, forearm, hand, and hip o Backward motion of the lower leg at the knee. o Extension o Body surfaces come together. Returns body segments from a position of flexion to anatomical position. Hyperextension o Continues extension beyond anatomical position. Two movements of the foot: Dorsiflexion o Bringing the top of the foot toward the lower leg. plantar flexion o Moving the foot in the opposite direction away from the lower leg. Frontal Plane Movements Abduction o Adduction o Rolling the sole of the foot outward. radial deviation o Rolling the sole of the foot inward. Eversion o Movements that bring the arm and leg closer to the midline of the body. Inversion o Movements at the shoulder and hip that take the arm and leg away from the midline of the body. Abduction of the hand toward the thumb ulnar deviation o Adduction of the hand toward the little finger. Transverse Plane Movements Transverse plane movements mostly involve rotation around the long axis of a body segment. medial rotation o lateral rotation o Movement directed laterally or outward. Pronation o Rotation of an arm of a leg directed medially or inward. Rotation of the forearm medially (palm down) supination o Rotation of the forearm laterally (palm up) Multiplanar Movement Movements that do not fall into a single plan are called multiplanar movements. Circumduction o Rotational movement of a body segment such that the end of the segment traces a circle. Opposition o Touching any of your four fingers to the thumb. o This movement allows you to grasp objects. Head and Neck Muscles Head and Neck muscles can be divided into 3 groups: o Facial muscles Muscle insertions connect to other muscles or skin resulting in our ability to create facial expressions. o Chewing muscles o Neck muscles Trunk Muscles Provide stability for the vertebral column. Responsible for helping to maintain an upright posture. Trunk muscles enable flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion, and rotation of the head and trunk. Diaphragm muscle regulates our breathing. Upper Limb Muscles Remember: The should is a ball and socket joint…meaning it is freely movable. Shoulder joint is susceptible to dislocation. The large muscles of the shoulder maintain stability. Lower Limb Muscles Lower limb muscles are designed for standing and walking. Lower limb muscles have strong, stringlike tendons.