Download Unit 1

Introduction to
Information and
Computer Science
Instructor’s Manual
Version 1.0/Fall 2010
Notes to Instructors
This Instructor Manual is a resource for instructors using the Introduction to Information
and Computer Science component. Each component is broken down into Units, each
of which will include the following elements:






Learning objectives
Suggested student readings, texts, reference links to supplement the narrated
and scripted PowerPoint slides
Lectures (narrated and scripted PowerPoint slides)
Application Activities (may include Discussion Questions, Assignments, Projects)
with instructor guidelines and answer keys and/or expected outcomes
Quiz or Other Assessment reflecting Unit Objectives with answer keys and/or
expected outcomes
Additional Materials (may include videos, links to outside resources, tutorials,
diagrams/charts, etc.)
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Contents
Component Overview ...................................................................................................... 4
Component Authors ........................................................................................................ 5
Component Blueprint....................................................................................................... 6
Unit 1 ............................................................................................................................. 10
Unit 2 ............................................................................................................................. 18
Unit 3 ............................................................................................................................. 29
Unit 4 ............................................................................................................................. 37
Unit 5 ............................................................................................................................. 46
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Component Overview
Introduction to Information and Computer Science is for students without an IT
background. It provides a basic overview of computer architecture; data organization,
representation and structure; structure of programming languages; networking and data
communication. Includes basic terminology of computing.
Objectives:
1. Use proper hardware, network, Internet and software computer terminology in
written and verbal communications.
2. Write simple computer programs including constructs such as conditional
statements, loops, functions, objects, simple data structures, etc.
3. Design a simple database and develop querying statements for it.
4. Describe network computing, its benefits and risks, and identify commonly-used
communications hardware and software components.
5. Identify security risks for computing systems and discuss potential solutions.
6. Explain the design and development process of a large system such as an EHR.
Unit Topics:
1. Basic computing concepts, including history
2. Internet and the World Wide Web
3. Computer hardware and architecture
4. Application and system software
5. Overview of programming languages, including basic programming concepts
6. Databases and SQL
7. Networks
8. Security
9. Components and development of large scale systems
10. Future of computing
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Component Authors
Michelle R. Hribar, PhD
Director of Biomedical Informatics Resource Core
Instructor, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology
Oregon Health and Science University
Portland, Oregon
John Blackwood, MS
Associate Professor
Umpqua Community College
Roseburg, Oregon
Mike Talbert
Instructor in Computer Information Systems and Health Informatics
Portland Community College
Portland, Oregon
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Component Blueprint
Component
Number
Component Name
Component
Description
(from FOA)
Assigned Institution
Team Leads
Team Members
Workforce Roles
Component
Objectives
Unit Topics
Unit Objectives
Component # 4
4
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
For students without an IT background, provides a basic overview of
computer architecture; data organization, representation and
structure; structure of programming languages; networking and data
communication. Includes basic terminology of computing.
Oregon Health & Science University
Michelle Hribar
John Blackwood, Umpqua Community College
Mike Talbert, Portland Community College
1. Use proper hardware, network, Internet and software computer
terminology in written and verbal communications.
2. Write simple computer programs including constructs such as
conditional statements, loops, functions, objects, simple data
structures, etc.
3. Design a simple database and develop querying statements for it.
4. Describe network computing, its benefits and risks, and identify
commonly-used communications hardware and software
components.
5. Identify security risks for computing systems and discuss
potential solutions.
6. Explain the design and development process of a large system
such as an EHR.
1. Basic computing concepts, including history
2. Internet and the World Wide Web
3. Computer hardware and architecture
4. Application and system software
5. Overview of programming languages, including basic
programming concepts
6. Databases and SQL
7. Networks
8. Security
9. Components and development of large scale systems
10. Future of computing
1. Basic computing concepts, including history
a. Define what a computer is.
b. List different types of computers (PC's, mobile devices,
embedded computers, etc.).
c. Define the common elements of computer systems.
d. Describe the various hardware and software options for
typical desktop, laptop and server systems for
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2.
3.
4.
5.
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home/business use (focusing on healthcare systems).
e. Explain the development of computers and the Internet,
including healthcare systems up until the present time.
Internet and the World Wide Web
a. Define the Internet and how to connect to it.
b. Define the World Wide Web and how to access it—with
URL's and search engines .
c. Learn how to write effective search queries for Internet
search engines, filtering the results and evaluate credibility
of information.
d. Discuss security and privacy concerns on the Internet
(phishing, identify theft, keystroke copying).
e. List ethical issues for the Internet, including intellectual
property rights and copyright, free speech vs. libel/slander,
etc.
f. Explore online healthcare applications and associated
security and privacy issues (including HIPAA).
Computer hardware and architecture
a. List the major elements of a computer (motherboard, CPU,
I/O devices, memory, secondary storage, buses,
expansion cards, ports, etc.).
b. Describe how data is stored in memory and in secondary
storage
c. Describe how data is represented in binary
d. Describe the function of the CPU
e. Describe how data is input/output from the computer.
f. Describe how a computer system works together.
g. Introduce specialized architectures and embedded
systems used in healthcare settings.
Application and system software
a. Define application vs. system software.
b. Give examples of application software and the elements
that comprise them, focusing on healthcare systems.
c. Describe the functions of system software (OS), including
file organization (file types, downloading, zipped files).
d. List different types/brands of Operating Systems
e. Explain the purpose and usage of file systems
Overview of programming languages, including basic
programming concepts
a. Define the purpose of programming languages.
b. Define the different types of programming languages.
c. Explain the continuum of programming languages from
machine code and assembly languages through scripting
languages and high level structured programming
languages
d. Explain the compiling and interpreting process for
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6.
7.
8.
9.
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computer programs.
e. Use the following components of programming languages
to build a simple program: variables, loops and conditional
statements.
f. Introduce additional programming concepts such as
objects and modularity.
Databases and SQL
a. Define and describe the purpose of databases.
b. Define a relational database.
c. Describe the SQL querying language.
d. Define the basic data operations for databases and how to
implement them in SQL, including data modeling and
normalization .
e. Design a simple relational database.
f. Create simple querying statements for the database.
Networks
a. List and describe the various types of network
communications and network addressing.
b. List and define the different types of networks.
c. Describe different network topologies.
d. List and describe different network standards and
protocols.
e. Describe wireless communication.
f. List and describe network hardware.
Security
a. List and describe common security concerns (viruses,
worms, etc.)
b. Describe safeguards against common security concerns,
including firewalls, encryption, virus protection software
and patterns, programming for security, etc.
c. Describe security concerns for wireless networks and how
to address them.
d. List security concerns/regulations for health care
applications.
e. Describe security safeguards used for health care
applications.
Components and development of large scale systems
a. Describe the building blocks of a large scale system.
b. Explain the initial design process/options for a large scale
system
c. Describe the evaluation process/criteria for including and
selecting existing software applications.
d. Describe the process for new software development.
e. Describe the different types of testing (unit, system,
usability) and when testing should occur.
f. Describe systems maintenance.
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g. Explain the process of financially supporting large scale
systems over time.
10. Future of Computing
a. Describe latest advances in technology
b. Discuss implications for healthcare systems, including
potential risks.
Unit Elements
Format
Size/Contact Hours
Local Resources
Required for
Implementation
Component # 4
Unit Objectives (.doc or .pdf)
Unit ‘Lesson’ Plan (.doc or .pdf)
Suggested Bibliography of Readings, Texts, Reference Links (.doc
or .pdf)
Lectures
original .ppt
voice-over .ppt converted to flash .swf*
audio .mp3
powerpoint slide .pdf
audio script .doc or .pdf
Discussion questions (.doc or .pdf)
Assignments & Expected Solutions (.doc, .pdf, or .xls – if applicable)
Tests & Quizzes and Answer Keys (.doc, .pdf, .xls – if applicable)
36 – 44
Internet connectivity for all units
Programming environment for unit 5 (Microsoft Office)
Database Server for unit 6 (optional, can use online tools)
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Unit 1
Basic computing concepts, including history
Learning Objectives
By the end of this unit the student will be able to:
a. Define what a computer is.
b. List different types of computers (PC's, mobile devices, embedded computers,
etc.).
c. Define the common elements of computer systems.
d. Describe the various hardware and software options for typical desktop, laptop
and server systems for home/business use (focusing on healthcare systems).
e. Explain the development of computers and the Internet, including healthcare
systems up until the present time.
Unit Topic(s):
1.0 What is a computer?
1.0a - Definition of a computer
1.0b - Types of computers
1.0c - Common Elements of computer systems
2.0 - Selecting a computer
2.0a – Selecting a desktop
2.0b – Selecting a laptop
2.0c – Selecting a system for healthcare applications
3.0 – History of Computing
3.0a – The beginnings of computers
3.0b – The first computers
3.0c – Early electronic medical records
3.0d – Personal computers
3.0e – The Internet
3.0f – Current and future computers
Suggested Readings (also contained in file comp4_unit1_bibliography.doc)
1. Shelley GB, Vermaat ME. Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers. In: Discovering
Computers 2011: Introductory. 1st ed. Boston: Course Technology; 2010.
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2. Parsons JJ, Oja D. Chapter 1: Computers and Digital Basics. In: New
Perspectives on Computer Concepts 2011: Comprehensive. 13th ed. Boston:
Course Technology; 2010.
3. Evans A, Martin K, Poatsey MA. Chapter 1: Why Computers Matter to You. In:
Technology in Action: Complete. 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2010.
4. Evans A, Martin K, Poatsey MA. Chapter 2: Looking at Computers:
Understanding the Parts. In: Technology in Action: Complete. 7th ed. New
Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2010.
5. Collen, Morris Frank B.E.E., M.D. A History of Medical Informatics in the United
States: 1950 – 1990. Indianapolis: BooksCraft, Inc.; 1995.
6. Cringely, Bob. Triumph of the Nerds [DVD]. Ambrose Video; 2002.
7. History of Computing. Wikipedia [free encyclopedia on the Internet]. 2010 June
27; [cited 30 June 2010]; Available from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing.
8. History of Computing Hardware. Wikipedia [free encyclopedia on the Internet].
2010 June 30; [cited 30 June 2010]; Available from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware.
9. VistA. Wikipedia [free encyclopedia on the Internet]. 2010 June 16; [cited 30
June 2010]; Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VistA.
10. Electronic Health Record. Wikipedia [free encyclopedia on the Internet]. 2010
June 29; [cited 30 June 2010]; Available from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_health_record.
11. Desktop Buying Guide. CNET [serial on the Internet]. 2010 March 24; [cited 30
June 2010]; Available from: http://reviews.cnet.com/desktop-computer-buyingguide/.
12. Laptop Buying Guide. CNET [serial on the Internet]. 2010 May 11; [cited 30 June
2010]; Available from: http://reviews.cnet.com/laptop-buying-guide/.
13. Franklin, Eric. Monitor Buying Guide. CNET [serial on the Internet]. 2009
November 3; [cited 30 June 2010]; Available from:
http://reviews.cnet.com/monitor-buying-guide/.
14. Kass-Bartelmes, Barbara L., M.P.H., C.H.E.S., Ortiz, Eduardo, M.D., M.P.H.
Medical Informatics for Better and Safer Health Care. Research in Action, Issue 6
[serial on the Internet]. 2002, June; [cited 30 June 2010]; Available from:
http://www.ahrq.gov/data/informatics/informatria.htm.
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15. Deutsch, John D., Ferguson, Christopher J. 5.3 Implementing an EHR: Preparing
and Hardware. In: Electronic Medical Record [book on the Internet]. 2009 [cited
30 June 2010]; Available from: http://www.emrexperts.com/emrebook/implementating-emr-hardware.php.
Lecture(s)
1.0 – Computer Definition, Examples and Components:
comp4_unit1abc_lecture1.ppt
2.0 - Selecting a Computer:
comp4_unit1d_lecture1.ppt
comp4_unit1d_lecture2.ppt
3.0 – Computer History:
comp4_unit1e_lecture1.ppt
comp4_unit1e_lecture2.ppt
Suggested Student Application Activities
Exercises (also contained in files comp4_unit1_exercises.doc and
comp4_unit1_exercises_outcomes.doc)
1. Select an early computer such as the ENIAC or Univac and compare it to a
typical personal computer today. Be sure to address input and output devices,
speed, size, cost and functionality.
Outcomes: Become more familiar with a historical computer. Reinforce computer
terminology and computer components.
Objectives: c, e
2. Find as many examples of embedded computers as you can. Did you know
there were computers in these objects/devices? Were you surprised by any of
your examples?
Outcomes: Become more aware of the presence of computers in everyday
things. Broaden idea of computers beyond desktop, laptop, etc.
Objectives: b
3. With a budget of $1,000, what kind of desktop can you buy? (Be sure to list
specs for the processor, memory, storage, and monitor.) What kind of laptop?
What if your budget increased to $2,000? How would your system differ if you
were a small business user versus a video gaming user?
Outcome: Reinforce computer terminology and computer components. Gain
experience researching different computer systems for purchase. Consider
different needs for selecting a computer.
Objectives: b, c, d
4. Trace the development of the VistA EMR over the years. When was it first
developed? What was it called? What features were added over the years?
How did its development coincide with other important developments in computer
technology?
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Outcome: Become familiar with the history of an EMR. Place the development of
VistA within the context of technology development.
Objectives: e
Discussion Questions (also contained in files comp4_unit1_discussion.doc and
comp4_unit1_discussion_answer_key.doc)
1. Define what a computer is.
A computer is a programmable electronic device that can store, process and retrieve
data.
Objective a.
2. What are the different types of computers?
Personal computers, servers, mainframes, supercomputers, embedded computers.
Objective b.
3. Name the different hardware components of a computer.
Input devices, output devices, motherboard, processor (CPU), memory, secondary
storage, removable storage, connectors and ports.
Objective c.
4. What should you consider before selecting a new computer?
Application requirements, data storage requirements, budget, mobility, up to date
reviews.
Objective d.
5. Why were computers developed?
To automate routine calculations.
Objective e.
6. What event(s) led to the soaring popularity of personal computers in the 1990's?
Many events. The integrated circuit led to smaller, faster, cheaper processors. The
Internet became commercialized. Software started to have graphical user interfaces
which made the software easier to use.
Objective e.
Unit Quiz Items (also contained in files comp4_unit1_quiz.doc and
comp4_unit1_quiz_answer_key.doc)
1. A computer is:
a. A system with a processor, memory, storage, keyboard, mouse and
monitor.
b. A person who computes.
c. An electronic programmable device that inputs, processes and outputs
data.
d. An electronic device that is embedded in objects and that controls the
object based on certain inputs.
e. All of the above.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Answer: e
Objective: a
Which of the following are example(s) of personal computers? Select all that
apply.
a. Desktop
b. Supercomputer
c. Laptop
d. Smartphone
e. Mainframe
f. Server
Answer: a, c, d
Objective: b
Which of the following is an input device for a personal computer?
a. Speaker
b. CPU
c. Memory
d. Mouse
Answer: d
Objective: c
Which part of the computer is its "brain"?
a. Monitor
b. Memory
c. CPU
d. Keyboard
Answer: c
Objective: c
Where are programs stored when they are running?
a. DVD
b. Memory
c. Monitor
d. Keyboard
Answer: b
Objective: c
What is the most important software that runs on your computer?
a. Operating System
b. Word processor
c. Spreadsheet
d. Browser
Answer: a
Objective: c
Which of the following are important factors to consider when selecting a
computer? Select all that apply.
a. Budget
b. Storage needs
c. Application requirements
d. Type of user
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e. Mobility needs
Answer: a, b, c, d, e
Objective: d
8. Where can you find up to date information about current computing systems?
Select all that apply.
a. Recent online reviews
b. Current issues of computer magazines
c. Year-old issues of computer magazines
d. Books published more than a year ago
Answer: a, b
Objective: d
9. What was the oldest tool used for counting and calculations?
a. Abacus
b. Tally stick
c. Slide rule
d. Electronic calculator
Answer: b
Objective: e
10. What technology was used in the first general purpose electronic computers?
a. Transistors
b. Integrated circuits
c. Mechanical gears
d. Vacuum tubes
Answer: d
Objective: e
11. When was the World Wide Web first developed?
a. 1969
b. 1979
c. 1989
d. 1999
Answer: c
Objective: e
12. What was the first personal computer?
a. Apple I
b. IBM PC
c. Altair
d. iMac
Answer: c
Objective: e
13. What was the first use of electronic medical records?
a. Storing dental records
b. Automating antibiotic ordering
c. Implementing Computerized Physician Order Entry
d. None of the above
Answer: a
Objective: e
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True/False
1. All computers have a keyboard, mouse and monitor.
True False
Answer: False
Objective: a
2. A dishwasher has an embedded computer.
True False
Answer: True
Objective: b
3. Speakers are an example of a computer output device.
True False
Answer: True
Objective: c
4. Solid state drives are now being used on some laptops because solid state
drives have moving parts and generate more heat than traditional hard disk
drives.
True False
Answer: False
Objective: d
5. Personal computers were first developed in the 1970s.
True False
Answer: True
Objective: e
Activity (also contained in file comp4_unit1_activity.doc)
Objective: In this unit we talk about how modern computer systems have multiple
processors or cores. In a system with x cores, is it really true that it is x times faster
than a computer with a single processor?
Directions:
1. Form groups of 5 people
2. Within each group, select one person to be the single processor computer
3. The other 4 people will be the computer with 4 cores
4. Distribute the data sheets (print 5 copies of comp4_unit1_activity_dataSet.xls)
and the results sheets (print 2 copies of
comp4_unit1_activity_ResultsPage.doc).
a. The single processor will get all 4 data sheets and one results sheet
b. The 4 core processor group will divide the data sheets among its
members—1 sheet per person and share the 1 results sheet.
5. Listen to the instructions about searching the data sheets
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6. Start timing (time the single processor and the 4 core group separately—you
can use cellphones for more exact times)
7. Search the data sheets
8. Write the results on your results sheet
9. End timing
Instructions for Searching: (These will be read to the class by the instructor. The
criteria may be changed to anything else that makes sense for the data set—a series of
random numbers between 0 and 1000).
Find all numbers that are LESS than 200.
Discussion:
1. Which “computer” completed the search the quickest—the single processor or
the 4 core group? By how much?
2. What were the bottlenecks for the 4 core group?
3. Is there anything that could have sped up the time for the 4 core group?
4. How does this relate to a real computer with multiple cores?
Additional Materials (also contained in file comp4_unit1_additionalMaterial.doc)
Resources for up-to-date computer information:
http://reviews.cnet.com/
http://www.tomshardware.com/
http://www.extremetech.com/
http://arstechnica.com/reviews/
http://www.anandtech.com/
http://techreport.com/
Hobbes Internet Timeline:
http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/
Videos relating to computer history:
http://www.youtube.com/user/ComputerHistory
Univac video:
http://www.youtube.com/user/ComputerHistory#p/u/67/j2fURxbdIZs
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Unit 2
Title of Unit: Internet and WWW
Learning Objectives
By the end of this unit the student will be able to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Definition of the Internet and World Wide Web.
Connecting to the Internet.
Searching the Internet, filtering results and evaluating credibility of results.
Internet security and privacy concerns.
Ethical considerations of the Internet.
Online healthcare applications and associated security and privacy issues
(including HIPAA).
Unit Topic(s):
2.0 - What is the Internet?
2.1a - The Origins of the Internet.
2.1b - The Internet Today.
2.1c - The Internet Spawns the WWW.
2.2 - Who Created the WWW?
2.2a - How does the Web Work?
2.2b - HTML – The Language of the Web.
2.2c - The World’s First Web Server.
2.2d - Who Owns the Web?
2.3 - Standardized Communications.
2.3a - Internet Addressing Basics.
2.3b - How to Obtain an IP Address.
2.4 - Introducing Domain Names.
2.4a - DNS and IP Work Well Together.
2.4b - What is a Domain Name?
2.5 - Connecting to the Internet.
2.5a - Service Providers and You.
2.5b - Internet Access For a Fee.
2.5c - Provider Equipment.
2.5d - Customer Premises Equipment.
2.5e - Leasing an IP Address.
2.5f - Leasing a Dynamic IP Address.
2.5g - Leasing a Static IP Address.
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2.5h - DNS – Another ISP Service.
2.6 - Searching the Internet.
2.6a - Search Engine Providers.
2.6b - How do Search Engines Function?
2.6c - Using a Search Engine.
2.6d - Web Search Tips.
2.6e - Search Results in a Nutshell.
2.7 - Internet Security and Privacy Concerns.
2.7a - What Devices are Usually Attacked?
2.7b - How do Hackers Attack Devices?
2.7c - Secure Your Operating System.
2.7d - Secure Your Files.
2.7e - Engage in Safe Browsing.
2.7f - Close Popup Windows Safely.
2.7g - Secure Your Computer System.
2.7h - Manage Cookies.
2.7i - Passwords and the Internet.
2.7j - Passwords and the Internet.
2.8 - Other Internet Security Considerations.
2.9 - Trojans, Viruses, and Worms.
2.9a - Trojans.
2.9b - Viruses.
2.9c - Macros.
2.9d - Worms.
2.9e - Phishing.
2.9f - E-mail Links.
2.9g - Hoaxes.
2.10 – Ethical Considerations of the Internet.
2.10a – Sharing Internet Connections with Neighbors.
2.10b – Downloading Music and Movies from the Internet.
2.10c – Copyright Infringement.
2.10d – Internet Databases.
2.10e – Truth or Lies?
2.11 – Everyone’s Online Today – Social Networking Sites.
2.12 – What is Privacy?
2.13 – What is Confidentiality?
2.14 – Federal Rules Emerge - HIPAA.
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2.14a – HIPAA – Privacy and Security Rules.
2.15 – Free Online PHR Systems Readily Available.
2.15a – EHRs Used by Health Care Providers.
2.16 – EHR Security Q & A.
Suggested Readings (using Vancouver citation style)
1. Shelley GB, Vermaat ME. Discovering Computers 2011: Introductory. 1st ed.
Boston: Course Technology; 2010.
2. Parsons JJ, Oja D. New Perspectives on Computer Concepts 2011:
Comprehensive. 13th ed. Boston: Course Technology; 2010.
3. Evans A, Martin K, Poatsey MA. Technology in Action: Complete. 7th ed. New
Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2010.
Lecture(s)
3.0 – Internet, WWW, standardized communications, IP addressing, DNS, Domain
Names, Connecting to the Internet, Service Providers.
4.0 – Internet Access, Equipment, Leasing IP addresses, DNS services, searching
the Internet, Internet security and privacy, devices attacked,
3.0 – How do hackers attack devices, securing the OS and files, safe browsing,
popups, securing the system, cookies, passwords, who uses computer, other
security considerations, trojans, viruses, worms, ethical considerations of the
Internet, privacy, confidentiality, HIPAA, online PHRs, EHRs used by health care
providers, EHR security.
Suggested Student Application Activities
(may include discussion questions, exercises, projects, etc.)
Instructor Guidelines for Application Activities:
1. For online classes: weekly discussion questions are very important as these
reinforce student weekly reading and other homework assignments. It is
recommended that at least one discussion question be posted each week with
one required initial post no later than Wednesday of that week, followed by two
additional posts no later than the end of the school week.
2. Students should be encouraged to do research using search engines on the
Internet. Gaining the ability to locate, analyze, and synthesize information is
critical to advancement in this field.
3. Students should be encouraged to work together whenever possible. When
students work together, they often will explain concepts in novel ways.
Expected Outcomes for Student Activities:
1. Outcomes match the objectives for this unit’s study material.
2. Students learn how to locate relevant material and relate it in their own words.
3. Students learn how to work with others, arbitrating disagreements and continuing
working relationships.
Unit Quiz Items (i.e. multiple choice, T/F, short answer)
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Quiz Instructions: quizzes can be open book/notes, but the time should be limited to
approx. one minute per question.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. The ____ is a global system of computer networks that communicate using TCP/IP and
is a large network made up of many smaller networks.
a. Domain Naming System
c. World Wide Web
b. Internet
d. ARPANET
____ 2. The Internet began because ____.
a. people realized the business
potential of having a global
communication system
b. scientists needed to be able to
share secrets securely
c. the U. S. government wanted to be
able to communicate, even in the
event of a nuclear attack
d. Stanford researchers sold the
design to ICANN, who began
selling IP addresses to ISPs.
____ 3. In 1995 it is estimated that ____ people were using the Internet.
a. 16,000,000
c. 18,000,000
b. 1,800,000,000
d. 1,600,000,000
____ 4. The ____ is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by
hyperlinks and URLs.
a. Domain Name System
c. World Wide Web
b. Internet
d. ARPANET
____ 5. From the list provided below, select a valid URL.
a. www.whitehouse.gov
c. ww.nih.gov
b. www.google/com
d. [email protected]
____ 6. The Internet was created in ____ by Dr. Tim Berners-Lee and others with the
introduction of the Web browser and Web page coding.
a. 1989
c. 1940
b. 1969
d. 1995
____ 7. A(n) ____ is a software program that lets a user use Web server resources over the
Internet.
a. Web page
c. HTML page
b. URL
d. browser
____ 8. A browser uses ____ to communicate with Web servers.
a. TCP/IP
c. HTTP
b. HTML
d. coding
____ 9. A Web server sends ____ back to the browser, which translates it for display on a
monitor.
a. TCP/IP
c. HTTP
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b. HTML
d. header information
____ 10. HTML is a(n) ____.
a. Web page programming language
b. Web page
____ 11. HTTP is a(n) ____.
a. Web page programming language
b. Web page
____ 12. The Internet is owned by ____.
a. Google
b. nobody
c. IP addressing scheme
d. Internet protocol used to
communicate with Web servers
c. IP addressing scheme
d. Internet protocol used to
communicate with Web servers
c. the U. S. government
d. everybody
____ 13. What is required for a device to communicate over the Internet?
a. An IP address and subnet mask.
c. A Web server.
b. A Web browser.
d. An IP address only.
____ 14. Select a valid IP address and subnet mask from below:
a. 192.168.0 and 255.255.255.0
c. 10.10.10.1 and 255.255.256.0
b. 10.10.10.1 and 255.255.255.224
d. 192.168.0.1 and 255.255.280.0
____ 15. The Domain Naming System maps a(n) ____ to a domain name.
a. Web site name
c. IP address
b. TCP address
d. root server
____ 16. A domain name is is a(n) ____ that defines a realm of authority on the Internet, based
on the DNS.
a. IP address
c. URL
b. Web site
d. identification label
____ 17. The slowest type of Internet connection is the ____ connection type.
a. satellite
c. DSL
b. dialup
d. Cable
____ 18. The global standard governing wireless technologies is the ____ standard.
a. 802.11
c. UTE
b. 568-A
d. 802.3
____ 19. Home networks usually connect to the Internet through the use of the services provided
by a(n) ____.
a. ASP
c. national provider
b. tier
d. ISP
____ 20. A typical home network connecting to the Internet uses ____ IP addressing.
a. only Public
c. both public and private
b. only private
d. HTTP
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____ 21. An IP address that that may change when you reboot your cable modem router is
referred to as a(n) ____ address.
a. APIPA
c. static
b. dynamic
d. ISP
____ 22. Search engines search ____ using a proprietary algorithm.
a. Web directories
c. Web pages
b. URLs
d. root servers
____ 23. A(n) ____ is a set of instructions set out logically to solve a problem.
a. Web crawler
c. Web page
b. HTML coded page
d. algorithm
____ 24. How does a search engine provide you with a result set?
a. Web crawler searches Web pages c. Searches its indexed data based
to create a result set.
on your search criteria.
b. Database query to search each
d. None of the above.
Internet Web site.
____ 25. A(n) ____ is also known as a query.
a. index
b. search phrase
c. boolean operator
d. Web crawler
____ 26. Examples of Boolean operators include the terms ____.
a. NOT, AND, OR
c. AND, OR, CATCH
b. NOT, AND, *
d. OR, TRY, NOT
____ 27. You search the Web using the term “health and informatics not education” (without
quotes). What result below best matches your search?
a. health network
c. health informatics educational
opportunities
b. health informatics
d. informatics and health
____ 28. What does it mean when a Web site is at the top of a search results list?
a. Web crawler HTTP results best
c. Keywords on that site best
match Boolean operators used.
matched the search terms used.
b. The top site paid Google the least d. Either A or C
amount of money for that ranking.
____ 29. What type of hacker breaks into a system to destroy data?
a. White hat hacker.
c. Black hat hacker.
b. Ethical hacker.
d. All of the above
____ 30. A router is a device that ____.
a. sends traffic from a private network c. is utilized only by home networks
to the Internet
b. sends traffic from the Internet a
d. Both A and B
private network
____ 31. Installing ____ updates is important to securing your operating system from attack.
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a. optional
b. crucial
c. critical
d. recommended
____ 32. Antivirus software works by recognizing ____ and stopping those things from causing
harm to your computer.
a. files
c. hackers
b. patterns of bad behavior
d. AV software
____ 33. What is the preferred method to use when closing a suspicious Web site popup
window?
a. Press Alt + F4
c. Shut down the computer
b. Click to close the popup window
d. Close all browser windows
____ 34. ____ permit(s) or deny a computer the ability to connect to another computer.
a. Antivirus software
c. Operating systems
b. Firewalls
d. Viruses
____ 35. Some experts recommend ____ first party, ____ third party, and ____ session cookies.
a. accepting, accepting, accepting
c. accepting, allowing, rejecting
b. accepting, rejecting, allowing
d. rejecting, allowing, rejecting
____ 36. A complex password should include at least ____ characters.
a. six
c. five
b. nine
d. eleven
____ 37. ____ permit you to determine who uses your computer
a. Power users
c. Administrator accounts
b. User accounts
d. Complex passwords
____ 38. You receive an e-mail without an attachment. The e-mail subject line reads “Bank login
required as soon as possible”. What type of e-mail did you receive?
a. Trojan
c. Phishing
b. Virus
d. Adware
____ 39. One big difference between a virus and a worm is that the virus ____.
a. can replicate itself
c. can ask you to login to your bank
account
b. is not a trojan horse
d. usually cannot replicate itself
____ 40. Macro viruses are usually associated with ____ files.
a. Open Office
c. image
b. PDF
d. Microsoft Office
____ 41. You receive an e-mail with the subject line “Win a prize by forwarding this email” and
you decide not to forward this to your friends and family. Why did you take this course of
action?
a. Virus
c. Hoax
b. Phishing
d. Trojan
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____ 42. Another student informs you that you can purchase a completed research paper online
and avoid doing the work yourself. This is an example of ____.
a. copyright infringement
c. theft
b. plagiarism
d. pirating intellectual property
____ 43. Another student informs you that you can purchase software online and avoid paying
the full retail price. This is an example of ____.
a. copyright infringement
c. theft
b. plagiarism
d. pirating intellectual property
____ 44. Privacy is to ____ as confidentiality is to ____.
a. medical, online
c. people, data
b. data, people
d. None of the above
____ 45. HIPAA requires that health care providers, insurance companies, and employers ____.
a. abide by privacy and security
c. store medical records in electronic
standards
formats
b. provide employers with medical
d. Both A and C
information required to make hiring
decisions
____ 46. One difference between PHRs and EHRs is that PHRs are ____.
a. governed by HIPAA
c. not for online use
b. maintained by individuals
d. organized and utilized by medical
doctors
____ 47. The Veteran’s Administration open source EHR is the ____ system.
a. VistA
c. MUMPS
b. VA Patient
d. HIPAA
____ 48. Patient medical records should be send electronically in a(n) ____ format.
a. zipped
c. HTTP
b. encrypted
d. IP
____ 49. According to HIPAA rules, who can view your medical information without a signed
release?
a. Employer
c. Spouse
b. Primary care physician
d. All of the above
____ 50. The hospital reports that a patient arrived at the hospital with a bullet injury. Can the
hospital be forced to reveal this patient’s medical records?
a. Yes.
c. It depends on where the patient
was shot.
b. No.
d. Only with the presiding doctor’s
consent.
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Component 4, Unit 2 - Internet and WWW
Answer Section
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Lab Simulations / Exercises
Recommended homework assignments for this unit:
5. Research the origins of the Internet and the World Wide Web. Why did scientists
feel the need to create such a communication system? How did the University of
Utah communicate with the other servers in California? Who were the major
people involved and how did their training spawn the creation of the WWW?
Outcomes: Become more familiar with the fact that the Internet and the WWW
are not the same thing and that the Internet spawned the WWW. Understand the
“why” surrounding the creation of the Internet.
Objectives: A, B
6. Create a search phrase on a topic of interest to you and use at least four search
engines to gather search results. Were the top 15 results the same for each
engine? Why were they not exactly the same? How many documents, for each
search engine, were returned for your search? Did you find what you were
looking for? Be sure to use Boolean operators.
Outcomes: Become more familiar with a search engine, how they function, the
use of Boolean terms, and various search engines.
Objectives: C
7. Why is the Internet insecure by its nature? List at least three things you do to
secure your Internet actions. Also discuss your privacy concerns. What can you
do to mitigate e-mail and Web surfing privacy invasion?
Outcomes: Gain a better understanding of Internet security and personal
vulnerability, and e-mail considerations as this relates to security.
Objectives: D
8. What do you think about the ethical implications of the purchase and use of
college research papers? Do you think this is ethical? Should students be able to
do this? What effect does this have on education?
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Outcomes: Develop personal ethics related to a current ethics topic.
Objectives: E
9. Locate at least three PHR applications not mentioned in this unit. List the major
benefits and drawbacks of each along with pricing (when applicable). Create an
account in one of the PHRs you reviewed. Was it easy to navigate? Did you feel
like your data would be private and confidential? Is its provider subject to HIPAA?
Why or why not?
Outcomes: Become more familiar with PHRs and their base functionality.
Understand differences between commercial and free applications. Differentiate
between PHRs subject to HIPAA and those not subject to its rules.
Objectives: F
Additional Materials (may include videos, links to external resources, tutorials,
diagrams/charts, etc.)
Name, description and full URL or file name, if applicable
Program needed to access materials (i.e. RealPlayer, etc.), if applicable
1. The history of the Internet: http://www.cs.ucla.edu/~lk/internet_history.html.
2. Pests on Your PC - Viruses, Trojans & Worms (YouTube video by Symantec):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvEz8dNilvo.
3. Electronic Records - NJN News Healthwatch Report:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGH1mPo3XGo.
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Unit 3
Title of Unit: Computer Hardware and Architecture
Learning Objectives
By the end of this unit the student will be able to:
7. List the major elements of a computer (motherboard, CPU, I/O devices, memory,
secondary storage, buses, expansion cards, ports, etc.).
8. Describe how data is stored in memory and in secondary storage.
9. Describe how data is represented in binary.
10. Describe the function of the CPU.
11. Describe how data is input/output from the computer.
12. Describe how a computer system works together.
13. Introduce specialized architectures and embedded systems used in healthcare
settings.
Unit Topic(s):
3.0 - What is a computer?
3.1a - Computer hardware components.
3.1b - System components.
3.1c - Motherboard ports.
3.1d - Motherboard buses.
3.2 - Device functionality.
3.5 - Input devices.
3.6 - Output devices.
3.3
3.4
3.4a
3.4b
3.7
3.7a
3.7b
3.7c
3.7d
3.11
-
Input/Output ports.
Storage devices.
Primary storage.
Secondary storage.
Data storage.
Binary data storage.
Data storage example.
Data representation in memory.
Data storage acronyms.
Data addressing.
3.7e - Data storage reality check.
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3.8 - CPU functionality.
3.8a - CPU components.
3.8b - CPU execution.
3.8c - CPU performance.
3.8d - The evolving CPU.
3.9 - Data vs. information.
3.10 3.12 – Putting it all together.
3.13b – Specialized health care CPUs.
3.14 – Unit summary.
Suggested Readings (using Vancouver citation style)
4. Shelley GB, Vermaat ME. Discovering Computers 2011: Introductory. 1st ed.
Boston: Course Technology; 2010.
5. Parsons JJ, Oja D. New Perspectives on Computer Concepts 2011:
Comprehensive. 13th ed. Boston: Course Technology; 2010.
6. Evans A, Martin K, Poatsey MA. Technology in Action: Complete. 7th ed. New
Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2010.
Lecture(s)
5.0 – Computer components including motherboard, CPU, RAM, buses, I/O ports,
data storage.
6.0 – Binary concepts, CPU concepts, computer I/O, data addressing.
3.0 – BSoD, files, the OS, embedded OS, specialized CPUs.
Suggested Student Application Activities
(may include discussion questions, exercises, projects, etc.)
Instructor Guidelines for Application Activities:
4. For online classes: weekly discussion questions are very important as these
reinforce student weekly reading and other homework assignments. It is
recommended that at least one discussion question be posted each week with
one required initial post no later than Wednesday of that week, followed by two
additional posts no later than the end of the school week.
5. Students should be encouraged to do research using search engines on the
Internet. Gaining the ability to locate, analyze, and synthesize information is
critical to advancement in this field.
6. Students should be encouraged to work together whenever possible. When
students work together, they often will explain concepts in novel ways.
Expected Outcomes for Student Activities:
4. Outcomes match the objectives for this unit’s study material.
5. Students learn how to locate relevant material and relate it in their own words.
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6. Students learn how to work with others, arbitrating disagreements and continuing
working relationships.
Unit Quiz Items (i.e. multiple choice, T/F, short answer)
Quiz Instructions: quizzes can be open book/notes, but the time should be limited to
approx. one minute per question.
Multiple Choice Questions and Answers:
1.
The main function of a computer is to ____.
a. execute instructions
c. service the CPU
b. answer human questions
d. create input signals
ANS: A
Objective: F
2.
The motherboard is made up of circuitry and thousands of copper wires known
as ____.
a. binary code
c. buses
b. RAM
d. Chips
ANS: C
Objective: A
3.
The motherboard contains ____ slots, into which device expansion cards are
inserted.
a. RAM
c. AGP
b. SATA
d. PCI
ANS: D
Objective: A, F
4.
Today’s computers connect the mouse and keyboard via a(n) ____ slot.
a. USB
c. SATA
b. IDE
d. PS/2
ANS: A
Objective: A, E
5.
The ____ monitor port replaces the VGA port in today’s computer systems.
a. HDMI
c. AGP
b. DVI
d. PS/2
ANS: B
Objective: A
6.
A(n) ____ jack is used to connect a network cable to a network interface card.
a. RJ-11
c. RJ-45
b. 802.11N
d. Either A or C
ANS: C
Component # 4
Objective: A
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7.
A serial port, also known as a ____ port, can be used to connect to and manage
a network device.
a. DB-25
c. USB to serial
b. parallel
d. DB-9
ANS: D
Objective: E
8.
Hard disk storage is known as ____ storage.
a. secondary
c. nonvolatile
b. volatile
d. primary
ANS: A
Objective: B
9.
RAM is installed ____.
a. on the motherboard
b. in PCI slots
ANS: A
c. within the CPU
d. in SATA slots
Objective: A, B
10.
The operating system is stored ____.
a. in RAM when the computer is
c. Either A or B
running
b. on the hard disk
d. None of the above
ANS: C
Objective: B
11.
What is a CT scan?
a. A nuclear medicine imaging device c. An x-ray, using specialized
that produces a 3-D image.
equipment, that takes crosssectional pictures of the body.
b. A device that creates an image
d. Magnetic imaging equipment that
based on sound waves.
uses a radio frequency pulse to
create an image.
ANS: C
Objective: E
12.
What is a PET scan?
a. A nuclear medicine imaging device c. An x-ray, using specialized
that produces a 3-D image.
equipment, that takes crosssectional pictures of the body.
b. A device that creates an image
d. Magnetic imaging equipment that
based on sound waves.
uses a radio frequency pulse to
create an image.
ANS: A
Objective: E
13.
What is an MRI?
a. A nuclear medicine imaging device c. An x-ray, using specialized
that produces a 3-D image.
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b. A device that creates an image
based on sound waves.
ANS: D
sectional pictures of the body.
d. Magnetic imaging equipment that
uses a radio frequency pulse to
create an image.
Objective: E
14.
A binary digit value of one (1) indicates that electricity is ____.
a. stored in RAM
c. off
b. on
d. in a Boolean circuit
ANS: B
Objective: C
15.
In the binary number “01011010”, the rightmost value of “0” is a placeholder for
____.
a. 2^0
c. 2^2
b. 2^1
d. 2^7
ANS: A
Objective: C
16.
1024 bytes x 1024 x 1024 = ____.
a. 1 KB
c. 1 TB
b. 1 GB
d. 1,024 KB
ANS: B
Objective: C
17.
Microsoft Word, running on a computer, is an example of a(n) ____.
a. process
c. thread
b. service
d. event
ANS: C
Objective: E, F
18.
How does data differ from information?
a. Data has limited meaning,
c. Data has no meaning on its own
depending its storage location.
merit.
b. Information is the same as data.
d. None of the above.
ANS: C
Objective: E, F
19.
Roughly how much storage does a chest x-ray require?
a. 35 megabits
c. 30 megabytes
b. 20 megabits
d. 20 megabytes
ANS: D
Objective: B
Lab Simulations / Exercises
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Recommended homework assignments for this unit:
1. Use a search engine to select a modern motherboard within a budget of $240.
What CPUs are supported by this motherboard? How much RAM can be
installed? What types of ports are found ‘on board’? Does it support IDE and
SATA (why would you want one or the other)? What type of video card does the
motherboard support? If you had an unlimited budget, would you select a
different motherboard? Why or why not? Be sure to provide complete answers to
each question along with URLs to support your research.
Outcomes: Gain practical knowledge related to the major elements of a computer
such as the motherboard, CPU, RAM, and hard disk types.
Objectives: A, D, F
2. Use a search engine to examine the origin of Boolean logic along with its
implications related to the use of binary numbers in designing computers. What is
Boolean logic? How did it influence the development of computer hardware and
software? Has its application changed since its initial use in (approx.) 1940?
How? What does "64-bit" or "32-bit" OS refer to? Be sure to provide complete
answers to each question along with URLs to support your research.
Outcomes: Reinforce binary knowledge and relate its operation to Boolean logic;
relate binary operations to understanding of how an OS can address more
memory; understand the evolution of computer hardware and software and
realize that not much has changed since 1940 (as this relates to hardware
architecture) and that this is a major impediment to improving hardware and
software integration.
Objectives: B, C, E, F
3. Use a search engine to conduct research on current CPUs. What is a, Intel Core
Two Duo processor and how does it differ from an AMD Phenom II Six Core
processor? With a budget of $225, would you be able to purchase a CPU to fit
the needs of a gamer? How about an office worker? What is a process vs. a
thread and how does this relate to CPU architecture? Be sure to provide
complete answers to each question along with URLs to support your research.
Outcomes: Differentiate between different CPUs; understand what the term
“core” represents; reinforce basic understanding of threading since this is an
advanced programming concept.
Objectives: A, D, E, F
4. Use a search engine to investigate MRI, PET, and/or CT scanners. Why do these
types of devices require special CPUs? What are CPU manufacturers doing to
meet the demand of this growing market?
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Outcomes: Become familiar with current happenings in the use of specialized
CPUs as this relates to medical equipment. Understand that medical equipment
needs are a major driver in CPU and hardware development.
Objectives: G
Additional Materials (may include videos, links to external resources, tutorials,
diagrams/charts, etc.)
Name, description and full URL or file name, if applicable
Program needed to access materials (i.e. RealPlayer, etc.), if applicable
4. Computed Tomography (CT): Questions and Answers,
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Detection/CT, “Computed
tomography (CT) is a diagnostic procedure that uses special x-ray equipment to
obtain cross-sectional pictures of the body. The CT computer displays these
pictures as detailed images of organs, bones, and other tissues. This procedure
is also called CT scanning, computerized tomography, or computerized axial
tomography (CAT).” U. S. National Institute of Health, National Cancer Institute,
Online, 2010.
5. Wikipedia, “…a nuclear medicine imaging technique which produces a threedimensional image or picture of functional processes in the body.” Online:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron_emission_tomography, 2010.
6. Stephen Hawking, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hawking.
“During a visit to the research centre CERN in Geneva in 1985, Hawking
contracted pneumonia, which in his condition was life-threatening as it further
restricted his already limited respiratory capacity. He had an emergency
tracheotomy, and as a result lost what remained of his ability to speak. He has
since used an electronic voice synthesizer to communicate.”
7. ASCII, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII, “ASCII includes definitions for 128
characters: 33 are non-printing control characters (now mostly obsolete) that
affect how text and space is processed;[6] 94 are printable characters, and the
space is considered an invisible graphic.[7] The most commonly used character
encoding on the World Wide Web was US-ASCII[8] until December 2007, when it
was surpassed by UTF-8.”.
8. Dr. John Atanasoff (ABC computer), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AtanasoffBerry_Computer.
9. George Boole, inventor of Boolean Logic,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Boole.
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10. Terabytes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terabyte. “The U.S. Library of Congress
Web Capture team has claimed that "As of February 2010, the Library has
collected almost 160 terabytes of data.””
11. Biomedical Informatics, 3rd Edition, Shortliffe & Cimino, Springer Press, pp. 63435. Chest X-ray consumes approx. 20 MB storage space.
12. Central Processing Unit, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit.
13. Intel Embedded Community, “Roving Reporter: Medical Design Part 2: The Need
for Speed and endurance, by JenniferH-Osm, dated April 13, 2010, Online:
http://community.edc.intel.com/t5/Applications-Other-Blog/Roving-ReporterMedical-Design-Part-2-The-need-for-speed-and/ba-p/2612. “In medical imaging,
a picture is worth a thousand words and several gigabytes of data. MRI and CT
scans, mass-spectrometry, phenotyping, and genetic studies generate hundreds
of terabytes of data that must be processed and stored by powerful
supercomputers, like the Intel Xeon-based SGI Altix UV being used to support
the efforts of the Institute of Cancer Research in England. Companies that
manufacture medical imaging equipment rely on embedded technology vendors
to deliver high-performance components that won’t break down prematurely. This
type of equipment (such as the GE Healthcare CT750 HD computed tomography
scanner pictured below) requires massive computing power to manipulate data
and project it as Picture Archive and Communication System (PACS)-level
images for radiologists to read on high-definition displays, says Clayton Tucker,
senior marketing manager at Emerson Network Power Embedded Computing, a
Premier member of Intel® Embedded Alliance.”
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Unit 4
Application and system software
Learning Objectives
By the end of this unit the student will be able to:
c. Define application vs. system software.
d. Give examples of application software and the elements that comprise them,
focusing on healthcare systems.
e. Describe the functions of system software (OS), including file organization
(file types, downloading, zipped files).
f. List different types/brands of Operating Systems
g. Explain the purpose and usage of file systems
Unit Topic(s):
1.0 Application vs. System Software
2.0 Application Software
2.1 Forms of Application Software
2.2 Types of Application Software
2.3 Examples of Application Software
3.0 Components of Software
3.1 Hardware Needs
4.0 Installing and Uninstalling Software
5.0 Ethical Considerations of Software
6.0 System Software
6.1 Operating Systems
6.1a Functions of an Operating System
6.2 Utility Programs
6.3 Types of OS
6.3a Examples of OS
7.0 File Systems
7.1 Computer Files
7.2 File “Containers”
7.3 File Management Utilities
7.4 File System Implementation
7.5 Putting it all together
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Suggested Readings (also contained in file comp4_unit4_bibliography.doc)
1. Shelley GB, Vermaat ME. Chapter 3: Application Software. In: Discovering
Computers 2011: Introductory. 1st ed. Boston: Course Technology; 2010.
2. Shelley GB, Vermaat ME. Chapter 8: Operating Systems and Utility Programs.
In: Discovering Computers 2011: Introductory. 1st ed. Boston: Course
Technology; 2010.
3. Parsons JJ, Oja D. Chapter 3: Computer Software. In: New Perspectives on
Computer Concepts 2011: Comprehensive. 13th ed. Boston: Course
Technology; 2010.
4. Parsons JJ, Oja D. Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management. In: New
Perspectives on Computer Concepts 2011: Comprehensive. 13th ed. Boston:
Course Technology; 2010.
5. Evans A, Martin K, Poatsey MA. Chapter 4: Application Software: Programs
That Let You Work and Play. In: Technology in Action: Complete. 7th ed. New
Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2010.
6. Evans A, Martin K, Poatsey MA. Chapter 5: Using System Software: The
Operating System, Utility Programs and File Management. In: Technology in
Action: Complete. 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2010.
7. Morley Deborah, Parker Charles S. Chapter 5: Application Software. In:
Understanding Computers Today and Tomorrow. 12th ed. Boston: Course
Technology; 2010.
8. Morley Deborah, Parker Charles S. Chapter 6: System Software: Operating
Systems and Utility Programs. In: Understanding Computers Today and
Tomorrow. 12th ed. Boston: Course Technology; 2010.
9. Hard Disk Drive. Wikipedia [free encyclopedia on the Internet]. 2010 July 21;
[cited 22 July 2010]; Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive.
10. Computer File. Wikipedia [free encyclopedia on the Internet]. 2010 July 2; [cited
22 July 2010]; Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_file.
11. File Systems. Wikipedia [free encyclopedia on the Internet]. 2010 July 21; [cited
22 July 2010]; Available from:. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system.
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12. Chapter 17: Disk and File System Basics. In Microsoft Technet Windows NT
Workstation Resource Kit. 2010; [cited 22 July 2010]; Available from:
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc750198.aspx.
13. OpenOffice.org: The Free and Open Productivity Suite. 2010; [cited 22 July
2010]; Available from: http://www.openoffice.org/.
Lecture(s)
7.0 – Application vs. System Software, Application Software
comp4_unit4ab_lecture1.ppt
8.0 - Systems Software
comp4_unit4cd_lecture1.ppt
3.0 – File Systems
comp4_unit4e_lecture1.ppt
Suggested Student Application Activities
Exercises (also contained in files comp4_unit4_exercises.doc and
comp4_unit4_exercisesOutcomes.doc)
1. Download and install OpenOffice. Compare the software to Microsoft Office. In
your opinion which product(s) are better in OpenOffice? Which are better in
Microsoft Office? Why? What would be the benefit of installing and using
OpenOffice? Of installing and using Microsoft Office?
Outcomes: Become familiar with new application software; compare it to known
software. Explore the benefits of open source software.
Objective: b
2. Research the OS that’s running on your favorite handheld. How does it differ
from the full-fledged OS on your PC?
Outcomes: Explore components of OS; discover the difference between an OS
that runs on a PC and one that runs on a handheld.
Objective: C
3. Explain why adding more memory to your computer can improve its
performance. Have you ever experienced this firsthand?
Outcomes: Understand memory management and virtual memory.
Objective: C
4. Research the latest versions of Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. How are they
similar? How are they different? Do you have a preference?
Outcomes: Become familiar with two popular OS. Compare components of OS.
Objective: C, D
5. Select two files systems (such as FAT and NTFS) and research them. How are
they similar? How are they different?
Outcomes: Understand file systems; explore different file system
implementations.
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Objective: E
Discussion Questions (also contained in files comp4_unit4_discussion.doc and
comp4_unit4_discussionAnswers.doc)
1. Explain the difference between application software and system software.
System software is the software that directly interfaces with the hardware.
Application software runs on top of system software and provides functionality
needed by the user.
Objective A
2. What types of application software would someone use at home? At work?
A home user might use applications such as spreadsheets, tax preparation
software, image editing software, word processing software, etc. At work, a user
might use word processing software, spreadsheets, presentation software,
project management software, etc. If the user worked in graphics and
multimedia, he/she may use image/photo editing software, video editing
software, etc.
Objective B
3. When is it okay to install software that you didn’t pay for? When is it not okay?
Give examples of software that’s free and software that you must purchase.
It is okay to install software that you got for free if it’s public domain software,
freeware, shareware or open-source software. If it’s packaged, copyrighted
software, you need to purchase a license before installing it; it’s not ok to use
someone else’s install disk. Examples of software that are free are the Linux
operating system, openOffice, trial versions of packaged software. Examples of
software you need to purchase are Microsoft Office, Adobe Photoshop, etc.
Objective B
4. What is an operating system? Why is it so important?
An operating system is software that coordinates all the activities of the
hardware. It serves as the interface between application software and hardware.
It is important because without the operating system, your computer would not
work.
Objective C
5. What are all the different system components that the operating system
manages?
Devices, processes, resources, files, network, memory, security
Objective C
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6. List at least 3 different brands of operating systems.
Windows, Mac OS X, Unix
Objective D
7. What is a file system? Why do you need one? How does the operating system
interact with the file system?
A file system is a way of organizing files and data on secondary storage. You
need one so that you can store and retrieve data from storage. The operating
system is a layer between the application software and the file system. The file
system is a layer between the OS and the storage device.
Objective E
Unit Quiz Items (also contained in files comp4_unit4_quiz.doc and
comp4_unit4_quizAnswers.doc)
Multiple Choice. Select the correct answer.
1. There are two types of software: application and _________ software.
a. System
b. Multimedia
c. Process
d. Utility
Answer: a
Objective: a
2. Which of the following is NOT a form of software that is free?
a. Public Domain
b. Open Source
c. Packaged
d. Freeware
Answer: c
Objective: b
3. Which of the following is an example of business software?
a. Video games
b. Electronic medical records
c. Recipe manager
d. Project management software
Answer: d
Objective: b
4. Which of the following is NOT an example of word processing software?
a. Microsoft Word
b. OpenOffice Impress
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c. OpenOffice Writer
d. Corel WordPerfect
Answer: b
Objective: b
5. Select all of the following that are examples of communications software.
a. Email
b. Web browsers
c. Blog
d. Wiki
Answer: a, b, c, d
Objective: b
6. Select all of the following that are examples of healthcare software.
a. EHRs and EMRs
b. Health Information Systems
c. Imaging
d. Statistical software
Answer: a, b, c
Objective: b
7. Which of the following is NOT true about an operating system?
a. It is a set of programs that coordinate all activities of hardware resources.
b. It is the layer between the application software and the hardware.
c. It is unique to each individual computer hardware system.
d. There is only one operating system available for all computers.
Answer: d
Objective c
8. A ________ interface is one where the user types in all the commands.
a. Command line
b. Graphical User
c. BIOS
d. Windows
Answer: a
Objective: c
9. When would you need a new device driver? Select all of the following that are
reasons you’d need a new driver.
a. You install a new printer.
b. You do a major upgrade of your OS.
c. You buy a new computer.
d. Your driver was corrupted.
Answer: a, b, c, d
Objective: c
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10. _________ is a way that OS give the illusion of a large memory.
a. Physical memory
b. Permanent memory
c. Virtual memory
d. RAM
Answer: c
Objective c
11. What is the latest version of Microsoft Windows OS?
a. Windows XP
b. Windows 7
c. Windows Vista
d. Windows NT
Answer: b
Objective: d
12. A(n) ________ is a way of organizing files and their data.
a. Operating system
b. File manager
c. BIOS
d. File system
Answer: d
Objective: e
13. The file _______ identifies the file type.
a. Extension
b. Name
c. Size
d. Permissions
Answer: d
Objective: e
14. Which of the following are examples of file utilities? Select all that apply.
a. Search
b. File compression
c. Backup
d. Read
Answer: a, b, c
Objective: e
15. When a hard disk drive is being accessed, the _______ spins and the _____
moves until the head is over the proper location on the disk.
a. Spindle, arm
b. Platter, arm
c. Head, arm
d. Arm, head
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Answer: b
Objective: e
16. Disks are formatted into _____, which make up tracks.
a. Heads
b. Arms
c. Sectors
d. Addresses
Answer: c
Objective: e
17. Files that are stored in non-contiguous clusters are called __________ files.
a. Stored
b. Fragmented
c. Free
d. Protected
Answer: b
Objective: e
18. Which of the following operating systems support the FAT file system?
a. Microsoft Windows Vista
b. Microsoft Windows 7
c. Microsoft Windows XP
d. Microsoft Windows 95
Answer: d
Objective: e
True/False. Select the correct answer.
1. The code used in an application is the same as the database.
TRUE FALSE
Answer: FALSE
Objective: b
2. The most important software on your computer is the operating system.
TRUE FALSE
Answer: TRUE
Objective: c
3. Folders and directories are logically the same thing.
TRUE FALSE
Answer: TRUE
Objective: e
4. Copying software from a friend is always okay.
TRUE FALSE
Answer: FALSE
Objective: b
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5. The device driver for your printer will need to be updated when you do a major
upgrade of your operating system.
TRUE FALSE
Answer: TRUE
Objective: c
Additional Materials
1. Windows Embedded Web site, http://www.microsoft.com/windowsembedded/enus/default.mspx.
2. Wikipedia, Medical untrasonography, “Orthogonal planes of a 3 dimensional
sonographic volume with transverse and coronal measurements for estimating
foetal cranial volume.” Online:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_ultrasonography, 2010.
3. SonoSite, Inc., M-Turbo Portable Ultrasound, ultrasound device,
http://www.microsoft.com/windowsembedded/en-us/about/casestudies/mturbo.mspx.
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Unit 5
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