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ZEAXANTINA
Nutracêutico antioxidante da saúde ocular
DESCRIÇÃO
Carotenóide de origem natural (frutas, folhas e vegetais) utilizado como suplemento alimentar. No organismo humano
está presente em maior concentração na mácula, situada no centro da retina responsável pela visão central.
MECANISMO DE AÇÃO
Atua como filtro da luz solar protegendo a mácula ocular dos efeitos da luz ultravioleta ao aumentar a densidade do
pigmento macular. Como antioxidante, protege as células dos danos oxidativos, reduzindo o risco de
desenvolvimento de algumas doenças crônicas degenerativas, uma vez que o estresse oxidativo e a atuação dos
radicais livres são fatores associados à iniciação e propagação do desenvolvimento destas doenças.
INDICAÇÕES
 Antioxidante;
 Prevenção e tratamento da catarata;
 Auxiliar no tratamento da degeneração macular relacionada à idade (DMRI).
DOSE USUAL
Recomendação oral de 0,5 a 1,5mg de Zeaxantina, ao dia, podendo variar de acordo com a necessidade do
paciente.
SUGESTÕES DE FÓRMULAS
Zeaxantina............................................................ 1mg
Luteína ................................................................ 12mg
Licopeno...............................................................10mg
Zinco Quelato.......................................................15mg
Selênio Quelato..................................................34mcg
Modo de uso: 1 dose ao dia após o almoço.
Indicação: Antioxidante.
Luteína................... ............................................... 5mg
Zeaxantina............................................................ 1mg
Betacaroteno....................................................... 15mg
Selênio Quelato................................................. 50mcg
Modo de uso: 1 dose ao dia.
Indicação: antioxidante; preventivo para DMRI
PRINCIPAIS REFERÊNCIAS
SOUZA, V.M.; JUNIOR, D.A. Ativos dermatológicos : democosméticos e Nutracêuticos. Edição especial 10 anos, volumes 1 a 8. São Paulo:
Editora Pharmabooks, 2013.
KRINSKY, N.I.; LANDRUM, J.T.; BONE, R.A. Biologic mechanisms of the protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin in the eye. Annu Rev Nutr. V. 23,
p. 171-201, 2003. Disponível em:< http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12626691>. Acesso em: 03 de novembro de 2015, às 17:59
ZEAXANTINA
ESTUDOS CLÍNICOS
Lutein and zeaxanthin dietary supplements raise macular pigment density and serum concentrations of these
carotenoids in humans
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is thought to be the result of a lifetime of oxidative insult that results in
photoreceptor death within the macula. Increased risk of AMD may result from low levels of lutein and zeaxanthin
(macular pigment) in the diet, serum or retina, and excessive exposure to blue light. Through its light-screening
capacity and antioxidant activity, macular pigment may reduce photooxidation in the central retina. Lutein
supplements, at 30 mg/d, were shown previously to increase serum lutein and macular pigment density in two
subjects. In this study, we compared the effects of a range of lutein doses (2.4- 30 mg/d), as well as a high zeaxanthin
dose (30 mg/d), on the serum and macular pigment in a series of experiments. Serum carotenoids were quantified by
HPLC. Macular pigment densities were determined psychophysically. Serum lutein concentrations in each subject
reached a plateau that was correlated with the dose (r = 0.82, P < 0.001). Plateau concentrations ranged from 2.8 x
10(-7) to 2.7 x 10(-6) mol/L. Zeaxanthin was less well absorbed than an equal lutein dose, resulting in plateaus of
approximately 5 x 10(-7) mol/L. The rate of increase in macular pigment optical density was correlated with the
plateau concentration of carotenoids in the serum (r = 0.58, P < 0.001), but not with the presupplementation optical
density (r = 0.13, P = 0.21). The mean rate of increase was (3.42 +/- 0.80) x 10(5) mAU/d per unit concentration
(mol/L) of carotenoids in the serum. It remains to be demonstrated whether lutein or zeaxanthin dietary supplements
reduce the incidence of AMD.
Biologic mechanisms of the protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin in the eye
Abstract: The macular region of the primate retina is yellow in color due to the presence of the macular pigment,
composed of two dietary xanthophylls, lutein and zeaxanthin, and another xanthophyll, meso-zeaxanthin. The latter is
presumably formed from either lutein or zeaxanthin in the retina. By absorbing blue-light, the macular pigment protects
the underlying photoreceptor cell layer from light damage, possibly initiated by the formation of reactive oxygen
species during a photosensitized reaction. There is ample epidemiological evidence that the amount of macular
pigment is inversely associated with the incidence of age-related macular degeneration, an irreversible process that is
the major cause of blindness in the elderly. The macular pigment can be increased in primates by either increasing the
intake of foods that are rich in lutein and zeaxanthin, such as dark-green leafy vegetables, or by supplementation with
lutein or zeaxanthin. Although increasing the intake of lutein or zeaxanthin might prove to be protective against the
development of age-related macular degeneration, a causative relationship has yet to be experimentally
demonstrated.
Lutein and zeaxanthin status and risk of age-related macular degeneration
PURPOSE:To investigate the relation between plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin and age-related
macular degeneration in a group of elderly men and women.METHODS:The Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy
Grading System was used to grade features of early and late macular degeneration in 380 men and women, aged 66
to 75 years, from Sheffield, United Kingdom. Fasting blood samples were taken to assess plasma concentrations of
lutein and zeaxanthin.RESULTS:Risk of age-related macular degeneration (early or late) was significantly higher in
people with lower plasma concentrations of zeaxanthin. Compared with those whose plasma concentrations of
zeaxanthin were in the highest third of the distribution, people whose plasma concentration was in the lowest third
had an odds ratio for risk of age-related macular degeneration of 2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-4.1), after
adjustment for age and other risk factors. Risk of age-related macular degeneration was increased in people with the
lowest plasma concentrations of lutein plus zeaxanthin (odds ratio [OR] 1.9, 95% CI 0.9-3.5) and in those with the
lowest concentrations of lutein (OR 1.7, 95% CI 0.9-3.3), but neither of these relations was statistically
significant.CONCLUSIONS:These findings provide support for the view that zeaxanthin may protect against agerelated macular degeneration.
The potential role of dietary xanthophylls in cataract and age-related macular degeneration
Abstract:The carotenoid xanthophylls, lutein and zeaxanthin, accumulate in the eye lens and macular region of the
retina. Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in the macula are greater than those found in plasma and other tissues.
A relationship between macular pigment optical density, a marker of lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in the
macula, and lens optical density, an antecedent of cataractous changes, has been suggested. The xanthophylls may
act to protect the eye from ultraviolet phototoxicity via quenching reactive oxygen species and/or other mechanisms.
Some observational studies have shown that generous intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly from certain
xanthophyll-rich foods like spinach, broccoli and eggs, are associated with a significant reduction in the risk for
cataract (up to 20%) and for age-related macular degeneration (up to 40%). While the pathophysiology of cataract and
age-related macular degeneration is complex and contains both environmental and genetic components, research
studies suggest dietary factors including antioxidant vitamins and xanthophylls may contribute to a reduction in the risk
of these degenerative eye diseases. Further research is necessary to confirm these observations.
Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in rod outer segment membranes from perifoveal and peripheral human retina
PURPOSE:In addition to acting as an optical filter, macular (carotenoid) pigment has been hypothesized to function as an
antioxidant in the human retina by inhibiting the peroxidation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, at its location
of highest density in the inner (prereceptoral) layers of the foveal retina, a specific requirement for antioxidant protection would
not be predicted. The purpose of this study was to determine whether lutein and zeaxanthin, the major carotenoids comprising
the macular pigment, are present in rod outer segment (ROS) membranes where the concentration of long-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acids, and susceptibility to oxidation, is highest.METHODS:Retinas from human donor eyes were
dissected to obtain two regions: an annular ring of 1.5- to 4-mm eccentricity representing the area centralis excluding the
fovea (perifoveal retina) and the remaining retina outside this region (peripheral retina). ROS and residual (ROS-depleted)
retinal membranes were isolated from these regions by differential centrifugation and their purity checked by polyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis and fatty acid analysis. Lutein and zeaxanthin were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography
and their concentrations expressed relative to membrane protein. Preparation of membranes and analysis of carotenoids
were performed in parallel on bovine retinas for comparison to a nonprimate species. Carotenoid concentrations were also
determined for retinal pigment epithelium harvested from human eyes.RESULTS:ROS membranes prepared from perifoveal
and peripheral regions of human retina were found to be of high purity as indicated by the presence of a dense opsin band on
protein gels. Fatty acid analysis of human ROS membranes showed a characteristic enrichment of docosahexaenoic acid
relative to residual membranes. Membranes prepared from bovine retinas had protein profiles and fatty acid composition
similar to those from human retinas. Carotenoid analysis showed that lutein and zeaxanthin were present in ROS and residual
human retinal membranes. The combined concentration of lutein plus zeaxanthin was 70% higher in human ROS than in
residual membranes. Lutein plus zeaxanthin in human ROS membranes was 2.7 times more concentrated in the perifoveal
than the peripheral retinal region. Lutein and zeaxanthin were consistently detected in human retinal pigment epithelium at
relatively low concentrations.CONCLUSIONS:The presence of lutein and zeaxanthin in human ROS membranes raises the
possibility that they function as antioxidants in this cell compartment. The finding of a higher concentration of these
carotenoids in ROS of the perifoveal retina lends support to their proposed protective role in age-related macular
degeneration.
REFERÊNCIAS
BONE, R.A. et. al. Lutein and zeaxanthin dietary supplements raise macular pigment density and serum concentrations of these carotenoids in
humans. J Nutr. V. 133,n. 4, p. 922-998, Apr 2003.Disponível em: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12672909>. Acesso em: 04 de novembro
de 2015, às 11:50.
KRINSKY, N.I.; LANDRUM, J.T.; BONE, R.A. Biologic mechanisms of the protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin in the eye. Annu Rev Nutr. V. 23,
p. 171-201, 2003. Disponível em:< http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12626691>. Acesso em: 03 de novembro de 2015, às 17:59.
GALE, C.R. et. al. Lutein and zeaxanthin status and risk of age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003 Jun;44(6):2461-5.
Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12766044. Acesso em: 04 de Novembro de 2015, às 10:29.
MOELLER, S.M.; JACQUES, P.F.; BLUMBERG, J.B. The potential role of dietary xanthophylls in cataract and age-related macular degeneration. J
Am Coll Nutr. v. 19, n. 5,p. 522S-527S, Oct. 2000. Disponível em: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11023002>. Acesso em: 04 de
Novembro de 2015, às 10:48.
RAPP, L.M.; MAPLE, S.S.; CHOI; J.H. Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in rod outer segment membranes from perifoveal and peripheral
human retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. v. 41,n.5, p. 1200-1209, Apr 2000. Disponível em: < http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10752961>.
Acesso em: 04 de Novembro de 2015, às 10:57.