Download Class Magnoliopsida

HIGHER COLLEGES OF TECHNOLOGY
Ras Al Khaimah Women’s College
LSN 2433
(Semester 2 , 2014 – 2015)
Ecology Field Book Project
CLO 1- Understand basic ecological concepts and interactions
CLO 3- Describe a variety of different interactions between organisms.
NAME Shamsa Ali
SECTION: BT5
( I take the pictures from Suhaila and Fatema)
ID# H00202300
Due Date May 16th , 2015
Date:
Grade: ____/120 =
%
ACADEMIC HONESTY
Academic Honesty is a serious issue at the
Higher Colleges of Technology. Any student
who attempts to gain marks on their project
or assignment dishonestly by presenting
another person’s work as their own without
acknowledging the source of the information
(including the internet) is considered to have
plagiarised. When submitting a project or
assignment, students must identify every
source that has been consulted and used for
the project or assignment. The penalty for
plagiarism is severe and includes permanent
dismissal from the College.
We have read the above information and
understand my responsibilities with regard
to Academic Honesty while completing this
assessment.
___________________________________
Student’s Signature
‫األمانة األكاديمية‬
‫إن األمانة األكاديمية موضوع خطير جدا في كليات التقنية‬
‫ ولهذا فإن أية طالبة تحاول أن تستخدم عمل اآلخرين‬.‫العليا‬
‫ دون‬، ‫في تقديم مشروع أو واجب على أنه جهدها الشخصي‬
‫ذكر مصدر المعلومات (حتى ولو كان موقعا على شبكة‬
‫ (االنتحال هو عدم ذكر مصدر‬.‫االنترنت) فهذا يعتبر إنتحاال‬
‫ فإن على كل طالبة تقدم بحثا أو‬،‫ وبناء" عليه‬.)‫المعلومات‬
‫مشروعا أو واجبا أن تذكرالمرجع وإسم صاحبه والصفحات‬
.‫التي أخذت منها أثناء إعدادها للمشروع أو الواجب‬
‫إن عقوبة االنتحال قاسية وتؤدي إلى طرد الطالبة من‬
.‫الكلية‬
‫ وفهمت مدى مسؤوليتي‬،‫قرأت المعلومات المدونة أعاله‬
‫تجاه األمانة األكاديمية أثناء تأدية هذا االمتحان وعليه‬
.‫أوقع‬
____________________________________
‫توقيع الطالبة‬
Sand Dunes
Date and Time: 22-5-2015 – 11:00am
Weather conditions: Sunny (maybe 30 degrees Celcius), dry
Location and type of habitat: RAK - College campus – Sand dunes
.
Class: insect
Family: Lygaeidae
Harlequin bug (Lygaeus equestris)
Class Magnoliopsida
Family Leguminosae
Abarema (Abarema oxyphyllidia)
Class Magnoliopsida
Family Compositae
Launaea (Launaea crepoides)
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Class: Magnoliopsida
Family: Convolvulaceae
Convolvulus sp (field bindweed)
Class: Insecta
Family: Papilionidae
Stunning Green Worm, Swallowtail (Papilio machaon)
Family: Fabaceae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Senna (Senna polyphylla var. neglecta)
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Species observed:
Plant:
2 Abarema (Abarema oxyphyllidia), 3 Launaea (Launaea crepoides), 2 Convolvulus
sp (field bindweed), 3 Senna (Senna polyphylla var. neglecta)
Animals:
2 Harlequin bug (Lygaeus equestris), 2 Stunning Green Worm, Swallowtail (Papilio
machaon)
Description of species adaptations
Abarema (Abarema oxyphyllidia) is a large plant with small leaves and thin stem.
Launaea (Launaea crepoides) has a very small leaves and very small yellow
flowers.
Convolvulus sp (field bindweed) has white flowers like funnel-shaped.
Senna (Senna polyphylla var. neglecta) has many circle leaves.
Harlequin bug (Lygaeus equestris) has characteristic red-black pattern, fully
developed wings and long, powerful legs.
Swallowtail (Papilio machaon) is a stunning green worm then become butterfly.
Behaviours observed:
There were very insects near the Abarema (Abarema oxyphyllidia) . I take the photo
from long distance.
I saw Harlequin bug (Lygaeus equestris) between the leaves.
Swallowtail (Papilio machaon) was moving slowly that’s help me to take the pictures
faster. It was very beautiful insects.
Other signs of life:
I saw small insect on the leaves, but then I realized that its
droppings of insects. I guess it’s droppings of Swallowtail
(Papilio machaon).
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Further Research:
Convolvulus is a genus of about 200 to 250 species of flowering plants in the
bindweed family Convolvulaceae, with a cosmopolitan distribution. Common names
include bindweed and morning glory, both names shared with other closely related
genera.
They are annual or perennial herbaceous vines, bines and (a few species of) woody
shrubs, growing to 0.3–3 m tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, and the flowers
trumpet-shaped, mostly white or pink, but blue, violet, purple or yellow in some
species.
Many of the species are problematic weeds, which can swamp other more valuable
plants by climbing over them, but some are also cultivated for their attractive flowers.
Some species are globally threatened.
Convolvulus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera
species, including the sweet potato leaf miner (Bedellia somnulentella) and The Gem.
The leaf miner Bucculatrix cantabricella feeds exclusively on C. cantabricus.
References Cited
Jewels of the UAE | ARKive. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.arkive.org/uae/en/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolvulus
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Sea Habitat
Date and Time: 5-5-2015 – 12:00am
Weather conditions: Sunny, cool (maybe 25 degrees Celcius), breezy, dry
Location and type of habitat: RAK - Julfar sea – Sea
Black Sea Urchin (Diadema antillarum)
Class: Echinoidea
Sea beet (Beta vulgaris)
Family Chenopodiaceae
Class Magnoliopsida
Arthrocnemum (Arthrocnemum macrostachyum)
Class: Magnoliopsida
Family: Chenopodiaceae
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Flatback turtle (Natator depressus)
Class: Reptilia
Family: Cheloniidae
Banded stilt (Cladorhynchus leucocephalus)
Class: Aves
Mangroves
Class: Magnoliopsoda
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Species observed:
Plant:
Lots of Sea beet (Beta vulgaris), Many Arthrocnemum (Arthrocnemum
macrostachyum), Large area of Mangroves.
Animals:
2 Black Sea Urchin (Diadema antillarum), 2 Flatback turtle (Natator depressus), 4
Banded stilt (Cladorhynchus leucocephalus).
Description of species adaptations
Sea beet (Beta vulgaris) is a perennial plant which grows up to 1.2 m, and flowers in
the summer. Its flowers are hermaphroditic, and wind-pollinated. It requires moist,
well-drained soils, and does not tolerate shade. However, it is able to tolerate
relatively high levels of sodium in its environment.
Arthrocnemum (Arthrocnemum macrostachyum) is a small plants grows in salt water
which is sea. It also has a small leaves.
Mangroves are large trees grows near or in large seas.
Black Sea Urchin (Diadema antillarum) is a spiny black animal lives in sea. It covers
his body thorns.
Behaviours observed:
I thought that the Flatback turtle (Natator depressus) was swimming in the sea. Then I
realized that it was dead.
Other signs of life:
I saw lot of empty shellfish in the beach, I guess the birds eat the organism that lives
in these shellfish.
Further Research:
Black Sea Urchin (Diadema antillarum), also known as the lime urchin, black sea
urchin, Grabaskey's bane or the long-spined sea urchin, is a species of sea urchin in
the Family Diadematidae.
This sea urchin is characterized by its exceptionally long black spines.
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It is the most abundant and important herbivore on the coral reefs of the western
Atlantic and Caribbean basin. When the population of these sea urchins is at a healthy
level, they are the main grazers which prevent algae overgrowth of the reef.
This species usually lives at 1–10 metres in depth on coral reefs. They will often
lodge themselves in a crevice, so that only their spines can be seen, but individual
urchins who can't find a suitable crevice will live in more exposed situations.
Individuals that have been able to find a crevice usually will roam about one metre
from their crevice at night during feeding. Diadema is very sensitive to light, and will
often pick its crevice or resting place based on how much shade there is.
Diadema mostly eat algae, and sometimes seagrass. Starving urchins have been
known to become carnivorous.
Diadema antillarum is still, in some tropical areas, one of the most abundant,
widespread, and ecologically-important shallow-water sea urchins. It is found in the
tropical Western Atlantic Ocean, including the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico and the
northern and eastern coasts of South America (as far south as Brazil). It is also found
in the East Atlantic at the Canary Islands. This species is ecologically important
because it consumes algae that can otherwise grow to such an extent that they can
smother coral reefs. They live in holes that are in the reef.
When the sea urchins died due to an unknown disease, the biodiversity of the marine
life of the coral reefs suffered a great deal. The resulting lush algae growth stunted
and even reversed the development of coral, and the fish and other animals living on
the reefs declined in numbers due to less food and shelter.
The reduced biodiversity of the coral reefs affected tourism in several small countries,
which depended on the natural beauty of their reefs to help attract visitors, and
because tourism was a major part of the income for these countries, the decreased
flow of guests stressed their economy.
References Cited
Jewels of the UAE | ARKive. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.arkive.org/uae/en/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diadema_antillarum
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Alluvial plains
Date and Time: Sunday, March. 22th, 2015, 10to 10:30 a.m.
Weather conditions: Sunny, dry (maybe 30 degrees Celcius)
Location and type of habitat: Alluvial plains (Rams area).
Prosopis juliflora (mesquite)
Class magnoliopsoda
Ghaf (Prosopis cineraria)
Class: Magnoliopsida
Family: Ploceidae
House sparrow (Passer domesticus)
Class: Aves
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Desert runner ant (Order Cataglyphis Niger)
Class Insecta
Butterfly
Family: Ploceidae
Class: insecta
.
Black/White Goat
Class: mammals
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Species observed:
Plant:
3 Prosopis juliflora (mesquite), 5 Ghaf (Prosopis cineraria)
Animals:
4 House sparrow (Passer domesticus), lots of Desert runner ant (Order Cataglyphis
Niger), 5 Butterfly, 10 Black/White Goat
Description of species adaptations:
Prosopis juliflora (mesquite) leaves are deciduous, bi-pinnate, light green,
compounded with 12 to 20 leaflets. Flowers shortly after leaf development. The
flowers are in 5–10 cms. Long green-yellow cylindrical spikes
Ghaf (Prosopis cineraria) is a small tree, ranging in height from 3 – 5 m. Leaves are
bipinnate, with 7 – 14 leaflets on each of 1 – 3 pinnae. Branches are thorned along the
internodes. Flowers are small and creamy-yellow, and followed by seeds in pods.
House sparrow (Passer domesticus) is typically about 16 cm (6.3 in) long, ranging
from 14 to 18 cm (5.5 to 7.1 in). It is a compact bird with a full chest and a large
rounded head. Its bill is stout and conical with a culmen length of 1.1–1.5 cm (0.43–
0.59 in), strongly built as an adaptation for eating seeds. Its tail is short
Desert runner ant (Order Cataglyphis Niger) has a black body and large arms.
Butterfly has a beautiful body and colorful wings.
Black/White Goat has a body with mixed color like: white and black.
Behaviours observed:
House sparrow (Passer domesticus) was standing on the salam tree.
Butterfly was flutters her beautiful wings on the tree.
Desert runner ant (Order Cataglyphis Niger) was walking fast to hide in her house.
And her house is a hole on the land.
Black/White Goat was eating from the Ghaf plant.
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Other signs of life:
I noticed that there are lots of holes on the land, I
guess its insect’s houses.
Further Research:
The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is a bird of the sparrow family Passeridae,
found in most parts of the world. A small bird, it has a typical length of 16 cm (6.3 in)
and a weight of 24–39.5 g (0.85–1.39 oz). Females and young birds are colored pale
brown and grey, and males have brighter black, white, and brown markings.
The house sparrow is strongly associated with human habitations, and can live in
urban or rural settings. Though found in widely varied habitats and climates, it
typically avoids extensive woodlands, grasslands, and deserts away from human
development. It feeds mostly on the seeds of grains and weeds, but it is an
opportunistic eater and commonly eats insects and many other foods. Its predators
include domestic cats, hawks, owls, and many other predatory birds and mammals.
The house sparrow is typically about 16 cm (6.3 in) long, ranging from 14 to 18 cm
(5.5 to 7.1 in).[3] It is a compact bird with a full chest and a large rounded head. Its
bill is stout and conical with a culmen length of 1.1–1.5 cm (0.43–0.59 in), strongly
built as an adaptation for eating seeds. Its tail is short
The house sparrow was among the first animals to be given a scientific name in the
modern system of biological classification, since it was described by Carl Linnaeus, in
the 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.
The house sparrow originated in the Middle East and spread, along with agriculture,
to most of Eurasia and parts of North Africa. Since the mid-nineteenth century, it has
reached most of the world, chiefly due to deliberate introductions, but also through
natural and shipborne dispersal
The house sparrow is a very social bird. It is gregarious at all seasons when feeding,
often forming flocks with other types of bird.
The eggs are white, bluish-white, or greenish-white, spotted with brown or grey.
Subelliptical in shape, they range from 20–22 mm (0.79–0.87 in) in length and 14–16
mm (0.55–0.63 in) in width, have an average mass of 2.9 g (0.10 oz), and an average
surface area of 9.18 cm2 (1.423 in2). Eggs from the tropical subspecies are distinctly
smaller.
References Cited
Jewels of the UAE | ARKive. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.arkive.org/uae/en/
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Coastal Habitat
Date and Time: Sunday, March. 22th, 2015, 11:30to 12:00 a.m.
Weather conditions: windy, cloudy, (maybe 26 degrees Celcius)
Location and type of habitat: Coastal Habitat (Julphar area).
Zygophyllum (Zygophyllum qatarense)
Class Magnoliopsida
Desert hyacinth (Cistanche tubulosa)
Class Magnoliopsida
Seashells
Class Bivalvia
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House crow (Corvus splendens)
Class: Aves
Western reef-egret (Egretta gularis)
Class: Aves
Camel grass (Cymbopogon schoenanthus)
Class: Liliopsida
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Species observed:
Plant:
Lots of Zygophyllum (Zygophyllum qatarense), hundreds of Desert hyacinth
(Cistanche tubulosa), lots of Camel grass (Cymbopogon schoenanthus)
Animals:
Lots of Seashells, 5 House crow (Corvus splendens), 3 Western reef-egret (Egretta
gularis).
Description of species adaptations:
Zygophyllum qatarense is a salt-tolerant plant of the Arabian Peninsula that grows as
a rounded, dwarf shrub. In adaptation to retaining water in its saline environment, it
has small compact leaves that are rather fleshy and succulent. As with other members
of the genus Zygophyllum, the leaves of Zygophyllum qatarense have two leaflets and
the flowers have four or five delicate petals
Desert hyacinth (Cistanche tubulosa) is all-flower bearing parasite plant, growing on
roots of desert shrubs. It is a rare and endangered species.
Camel grass (Cymbopogon schoenanthus) grows near the sea. It has a small leaves.
House crow (Corvus splendens) forehead, crown, throat and upper breast are a richly
glossed black, whilst the neck and breast are a lighter grey-brown in color. The wings,
tail and legs are black.
Western reef-egret (Egretta gularis) is a grey morph has a whitish throat and is
unlikely to be confused with any other species within the range of this egret with beak
and legs similar to that of the white morph.
Behaviours observed:
House crow was flying in the sky and it flutters his large wings.
Western reef-egret (Egretta gularis) was eating small fishes.
Other signs of life:
I saw many different footprints near the coastal.
Further Research:
The house crow (Corvus splendens), also known as the Indian, Ceylon or Colombo
crow, is a common bird of the crow family that is of Asian origin but now found in
many parts of the world, where they arrived assisted by shipping. It is between the
jackdaw and the carrion crow in size (40 cm (16 in) in length) but is slimmer than
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either. The forehead, crown, throat and upper breast are a richly glossed black, whilst
the neck and breast are a lighter grey-brown in color. The wings, tail and legs are
black. There are regional variations in the thickness of the bill and the depth of color
in areas of the plumage.
It has a widespread distribution in southern Asia, being native to Nepal, Bangladesh,
India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives and Laccadive Islands, South West Thailand and
coastal southern Iran. It has been introduced to East Africa around Zanzibar (around
1897) and Port Sudan. It arrived in Australia via ship but has up to now been
exterminated. Recently, it has made its arrival in Europe and has been breeding in the
Hook of Holland since 1998. An individual has been present in Cork Harbour on the
south coast of Ireland since early September 2010.
It is associated with human settlements throughout its range, from small villages to
large cities. In Singapore, there was a density of 190 birds/km2 in 2001 with efforts to
suppress the population in planning.
Due to a human population explosion in the areas it inhabits, this species has also
proportionately multiplied. Being an omnivorous scavenger has enabled it to thrive in
such circumstances.
House crows feed largely on refuse around human habitations, small reptiles, and
other animals such as insects and other small invertebrates, eggs, nestlings, grain and
fruits. House crows have also been observed swooping down from the air and
snatching baby squirrels. Most food is taken from the ground, but also from trees as
opportunity arises. They are highly opportunistic birds and given their omnivorous
diet, they can survive on nearly anything that is edible. These birds can be seen near
marketplaces and garbage dumps, foraging for scraps. They have also been observed
to eat sand after feeding on carcass.
It is suspected that paramyxoviruses, such as PMV 1 that causes of Newcastle disease
may be spread by Corvus splendens. Outbreaks of Newcastle disease in India were
often preceded by mortality in crows. They have also been found to carry
Cryptococcus neoformans, which can cause cryptococcosis in humans.
References Cited
Jewels of the UAE | ARKive. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.arkive.org/uae/en/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_crow
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Wadis/Mountains Habitat
Date and Time: Saturday, April. 11th, 2015, 4:30to 5:30 p.m.
Weather conditions: windy, sunny, (maybe 26 degrees Celcius)
Location and type of habitat: Wadis/Mountains in RAK, Wadi Al bih
Asian dwarf honey bee (Apis florea)
Class: Insecta
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera)
Class: Liliopsida
Caralluma flava – succulents
Class: Magnoliopsida
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Salam (Acacia ehrenbergiana)
Class: Magnoliopsida
Common pigeon (Columba livia)
Class: Aves
Cat
Class: Mammalia
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Species observed:
Plant:
6 Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), 7 Caralluma flava – succulents, 10 Salam (Acacia
ehrenbergiana)
Animals:
5 Asian dwarf honey bee (Apis florea), 3 Common pigeon (Columba livia), 2 Cat.
Description of species adaptations:
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a flowering plant species in the palm
family Arecaceae, cultivated for its edible sweet fruit.
Caralluma flava is a genus of flowering plants in the dogbane family. It has a purple
flowers in the end of the stem.
Salam (Acacia ehrenbergiana) is much branched, the trunk has dark brown,
shaggy bark and the branches are green or brown with shiny, peeling bark. The
compound leaves are small, with up to four pairs of pinnae.
Asian dwarf honey bee (Apis florea) in contrast with the stingless honey bee, is any
member of the genus Apis, primarily distinguished by the production and storage
of honey and the construction of perennial, colonial nests from wax. It has yellow and
black body.
Common pigeon (Columba livia) or rock pigeon is a member of the bird family
Columbidae (doves and pigeons). In common usage, this bird is often simply referred
to as the "pigeon". Wild rock doves are pale grey with two black bars on each wing,
while domestic and feral pigeons are very variable in color and pattern.
Behaviours observed:
Asian dwarf honey bee (Apis florea) was standing on the leaves.
The cat was sleeping on the ground, and when I come close to it, it wake up.
Other signs of life:
I saw droppings of birds.
Further Research:
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a flowering plant species in the palm family
Arecaceae, cultivated for its edible sweet fruit. Although its place of origin is
unknown because of long cultivation, it probably originated from lands around UAE.
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Phoenix dactylifera grows 70–75 feet (21–23 m) in height, growing singly or forming
a clump with several stems from a single root system. The leaves are 4–6 metres (13–
20 ft) long, with spines on the petiole, and pinnate, with about 150 leaflets; the leaflets
are 30 cm (12 in) long and 2 cm (0.79 in) wide. The full span of the crown ranges
from 6–10 m (20–33 ft).
The fruit is known as a date. Three main cultivar groups of date exist: soft (e.g.
'Barhee', 'Halawy', 'Khadrawy', 'Medjool'), semi-dry (e.g. 'Dayri', 'Deglet Noor',
'Zahdi'), and dry (e.g. 'Thoory'). The type of fruit depends on the glucose, fructose and
sucrose content.
The date palm is dioeciously, having separate male and female plants. They can be
easily grown from seed, but only 50 percent of seedlings will be female and hence
fruit bearing, and dates from seedling plants are often smaller and of poorer quality.
Most commercial plantations thus use cuttings of heavily cropping cultivars. Plants
grown from cuttings will fruit 2–3 years earlier than seedling plants.
Dry or soft dates are eaten out-of-hand, or may be pitted and stuffed with fillings such
as almonds, walnuts, pecans, candied orange and lemon peel, tahini, marzipan or
cream cheese. Pitted dates are also referred to as stoned dates. Partially dried pitted
dates may be glazed with glucose syrup for use as a snack food. Dates can also be
chopped and used in a range of sweet and savory dishes, from tajines (tagines) in
Morocco to puddings, ka'ak (types of Arab cookies) and other dessert items. Date nut
bread, a type of cake, is very popular in the United States, especially around holidays.
References Cited
Jewels of the UAE | ARKive. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.arkive.org/uae/en/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_palm
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Sand Dunes
Date and Time: Thursday, May. 14th, 2015, 4:30 To 6:00 p.m.
Weather conditions: sunny, (maybe 29 degrees Celcius)
Location and type of habitat: sand dunes (Al dhait).
Sodom’s apple milkweed (calotropis procera)
Class Magnoliopsida
Arabian oxeye (Anvillea garcinii)
Class Magnoliopsida
Oligomeris (Oligomeris linifolia)
Class: Magnoliopsida
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Desert cotton (Aerva javanica)
Class: Magnoliopsida
Red-wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus)
Class: Aves
Haloxylon (Haloxylon salicornicum)
Class Magnoliopsida
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Species observed:
Plant:
5 Sodom’s apple milkweed (calotropis procera), 3 Arabian oxeye (Anvillea garcinii),
19 Oligomeris (Oligomeris linifolia), 5 Desert cotton (Aerva javanica), 3 Haloxylon
(Haloxylon salicornicum)
Animals:
3 Red-wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus)
Description of species adaptations:
Sodom’s apple milkweed (calotropis procera) growing as a spreading shrub or a
small tree, Sodom's apple milkweed (Calotropis procera) has simple stems with
only a few branches, which are light grey-green in color and covered in a fissured,
corky bark.. The fairly large, grey-green leaves grow in opposite pairs along the
stems and are smooth, with a pointed tip and heart-shaped base. The large, waxy,
white flowers have deep purple spots or blotches at the base of each of the five
petals, and are grouped in clusters, known as umbels.
Desert cotton (Aerva javanica) is a species of plant in the Amaranthaceae family. The
plant is herbaceous, multi-stemmed and soft-wooded and bears broad leaves;
Behaviours observed:
I was walking near the tree, suddenly, I noticed that there is Red-wattled
lapwing (Vanellus indicus) on the tree and then its flying.
Other signs of life:
I saw footprint of camels.
Further Research:
The red-wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) is a lapwing or large plover, a wader in
the family Charadriidae. It has characteristic loud alarm calls which are variously
rendered as did he do it or pity to do it[2] leading to colloquial names like the did-hedo-it bird. Usually seen in pairs or small groups not far from water but may form large
flocks in the non-breeding season (winter).
Red-wattled lapwings are large waders, about 35 cm long. The wings and back are
light brown with a purple sheen, but head and chest and front part of neck are black.
Prominently white patch runs between these two colours, from belly and tail, flanking
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the neck to the sides of crown. Short tail is tipped black. A red fleshy wattle in front
of each eye, black-tipped red bill, and the long legs are yellow. In flight, prominent
white wing bars formed by the white on the secondary coverts.
The breeding season is mainly March to August. The courtship involves the male
puffing its feathers and pointing its beak upwards. The male then shuffles around the
female. Several males may display to females and they may be close together. The
eggs are laid in a ground scrape or depression sometimes fringed with pebbles, goat or
hare droppings. About 3–4 black-blotched buff eggs shaped a bit like a peg-top
(pyriform), 42x30 mm on average. Nests are difficult to find since the eggs are
cryptically coloured and usually matches the ground pattern.
The diet of the lapwing includes a range of insects, snails and other invertebrates,
mostly picked from the ground. They may also feed on some grains. They feed mainly
during the day but they may also feed at night. They may sometimes make use of the
legs to disturb insect prey.
References Cited
Jewels of the UAE | ARKive. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.arkive.org/uae/en/
Red-wattled lapwing. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redwattled_lapwing
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