Download Special Areas in the Upper Limb and their Borders

This document was created by Alex Yartsev ([email protected]); if I have used your data or images and forgot to reference you, please email me.
Special Areas in the Upper Limb and their Borders
THE AXILLA
o
A PYRAMIDAL space: has a flat apex, 4 walls, and a base.
Superior border of scapula
APEX
First rib
Clavicle
POSTERIOR
WALL
Scapula
Subscapularis
Teres major
Clavipectoral fascia
LATERAL WALL
Intertubercular groove of
the humerus;
Thus also the tendon of
the long head of biceps
Pectoralis minor
ANTERIOR WALL
Pectoralis major
Anterior axillary fold
MEDIAL WALL
Chest wall and
serratus anterior
CONTENTS
Axillary artery and its branches
Axillary vein and its tributaries- brachial vein, basilic vein and thoracoepigastric vein
Lymphatic vessels and axillary lymph nodes
Cords and branches of the brachial plexus
BOUNDARIES
- Apex
o Cervicoaxillary canal; passageway into the neck
o Bounded by the 1st rib, clavicle, and superior edge of the scapula
o The vessel and nerve’s gateway into the arm
- Base
o Axillary fossa: fat, fascia, skin
- Anterior Wall–
o Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, pectoral and clavipectoral fascia
o The inferior part is the anterior axillary fold
- Posterior wall –
o Scapula and subscapularis
o Inferior border is the teres major and latissmus dorsi
Medial wall –
- Rib cage, chest wall – ribs 1-4 and
the intercostal muscles
- Serratus anterior
Lateral wall –
- Narrow wall; intertubercular groove
of the humerus
This document was created by Alex Yartsev ([email protected]); if I have used your data or images and forgot to reference you, please email me.
The Medial Triangular Space, Lateral Triangular Space, and the Quadrangular Space
These are gaps in the posterior wall of the axilla. They allow vessels and nerves to exit the axilla posteriorly.
QUADRANGULAR SPACE
Subscapularis and Teres Minor
Surgical neck of Humerus
Contents:
RADIAL NERVE
and
POSTERIOR CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL ARTERY
Teres Major
Long Head of Triceps
Subscapularis and Teres Minor
Surgical neck of Humerus
Teres Major
Long Head of Triceps
LATERAL TRIANGULAR SPACE
MEDIAL TRIANGULAR SPACE
Contents:
Teres Major
Surgical neck
of Humerus
Circumflex scapular artery
Contents:
RADIAL NERVE
and
PROFUNDA BRACHII
ARTERY (deep artery
of the arm)
Long Head
of Triceps
Border of scapula,
Teres Minor and
Subscapularis
Long Head of Triceps
Teres Major
This document was created by Alex Yartsev ([email protected]); if I have used your data or images and forgot to reference you, please email me.
THE CUBITAL FOSSA
ROOF OF THE FOSSA:
Antebrachial fascia, subcutaneous tissue, skin
Basilic Vein
CONTENTS OF THE ROOF:
Bicipital aponeurosis
Median cubital vein
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
Medial cutaneous
antebrachial nerve
SUPERIOR BORDER:
An imaginary line between
the two epicondyles of the
humerus
Cephalic vein
Lateral cutaneous
antebrachial nerve
MEDIAL BORDER:
Pronator Teres
Bicipital aponeurosis
LATERAL BORDER:
Brachioradialis
FLOOR OF THE FOSSA:
Brachialis and Supinator
CONTENTS OF THE FLOOR
Superficial branch of the radial nerve
(as it runs under the brachioradialis)
Deep brach of the radial nerve
Median nerve as it enters the arm
between the heads of pronator teres
Deep Branch of the
radial nerve
Superficial branch of
the radial nerve
Brachial artery
BOUNDARIES:
-
SUPERIORLY: An imaginary line between the medial and lateral epicondyle
LATERALLY: brachioradialis
MEDIALLY: Pronator teres
FLOOR: brachialis and supinator
ROOF: deep fascia, bicipital aponeurosis, median cubital vein, medial and lateral cutaneous nerves of the forearm
CONTENTS:
-
Brachial artery
Deep veins of the arm which accompany the brachial artery
Biceps tendon
Median nerve
SUPERFICIALLY: median cubital vein, medial and lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
DEEP, in the floor: deep and superficial branches of the radial nerve
This document was created by Alex Yartsev ([email protected]); if I have used your data or images and forgot to reference you, please email me.
THE ANATOMICAL SNUFFBOX
o A TRIANGULAR superficial structure
APEX:
The junction of the three tendons
1st metacarpal
Trapezium
MEDIAL BORDER:
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Scaphoid
LATERAL BORDER:
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Abductor Pollicis Longus
BASE:
An imaginary boder, around about
where the radial styloid process is
Is there an erotic mnemonic for this? No.
A PLEP Be lateral? (APL, EPB lat border)
EPL medial…
A PLEP BEPL? APLE PBLEPL?
Apple Pee BE PL?
…
Radius
CONTENTS:
Radial artery
Cephalic Vein
Scaphoid
Trapezium
Sometimes, Dorsal cutaneous
branch of the radial nerve