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Grade 9 Applied Science – Space Planets Section 8.4 Pages 305-307 Comparing the Planets with Earth Using the Internet to complete the following table Planet Database Mercury Venus Earth Size (Earth = 1) 1 Distance (AU) 1 Mass (Earth = 1) 1 Density (Earth = 1) 1 Average Surface Temperature (OC) 22 Rotation Period (Days) 1 Orbital Period (Years) 1 Number of Moons 1 Other Important Features Rock and Metal Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Grade 9 Applied Science – Space The Planets Our Solar System has eight planets. It also contain a Sun, at least three dwarf planets, over 130 satellites of the planets, and countless comets and asteroids. The planets are grouped into two categories: Inner Planets and Outer Planets. What is the dividing line? In other words, what defines an Inner Planet versus an Outer Planet? Task Use your database to assign each planet in our Solar System to its proper category. Some Fun Facts In Greek mythology Mercury is the Hermes, the messenger of the Gods. The planet probably received this name because it moves so quickly across the sky. The Greek referred to the planets as Wanderers. Why do you think the planets were given this name? Jupiter has 67 moons. Jupiter has the shortest day of all the planets. It turns on its axis once every 9 hours and 55 minutes. The rapid rotation flattens the planet slightly, giving it an oblate shape. Jupiter has the Great Red Spot that is visible on its surface. It is a huge storm that has raged for at least 350 years. It is so large that three Earths could fit inside it. Uranus is the coldest planet with minimum atmospheric temperature of -224°C. The upper atmosphere of Uranus is covered by a methane haze. This hides the storms that take place in the cloud decks. Uranus also has rings that run between its poles (i.e., vertical orientation). Mars is home to the tallest mountain in the solar system. Olympus Mons, a shield volcano, is 21 km high and 600 km in diameter. Despite having formed over billions of years, evidence from volcanic lava flows is so recent many scientists believe it could still be active. Saturn’s rings were discovered in 1610 by the astronomer Galileo Galilei. The Saturnian rings are made mostly of chunks of ice and small amounts of carbonaceous dust. The rings stretch out more than 120 700 km from the planet, but are amazingly thin: only about 20 meters thick. Mercury is the second hottest planet. Despite being further from the Sun, Venus experiences higher temperatures. The surface of Mercury which faces the Sun sees temperatures of up to 427°C, whilst on the alternate side, temperatures can be as low as -173°C. This is due to the planet having no atmosphere to help regulate the temperature. Compared to Earth Planet Database Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Size (Earth = 1) 0.38 0.95 1 0.53 11.25 9.45 4.01 3.96 Size Diameter (km) 4876 12,107 12,755 6,794 142,983 120,536 51,117 49,527 Distance (AU) 0.39 0.75 1 1.52 5.27 9.54 19.19 30.06 Mass (Earth = 1) 0.06 0.86 1 0.11 318 95 15 17 Density (Earth = 1) 1.0 0.96 1 0.71 0.24 0.13 0.24 0.27 Average Surface Temperature (OC) 350 480 22 -23 -150 -180 -214 -220 Rotation Period (Days) 58.7 243 1 1.02 0.41 0.44 0.72 0.67 Orbital Period (Years) 0.24 0.62 1 1.88 11.86 29.48 84.01 104.8 Number of Moons 0 0 1 2 16 18 17 8 Composition Rocks and Metals Rocks and Metals Rocks and Metals Rocks and Metals Gas (mainly Hydrogen and Helium) Gas (mainly Hydrogen and Helium) Gas (mainly Hydrogen and Helium) Gas (mainly Hydrogen and Helium)