Download human_body_answer_key

5th Grade Human Body and Genetics Study Guide
Name:
Due: ______________________
Test on: ___________________________
Complete the chart below with the following information about each body system:
Body
System
Nervous
Circulatory
Muscular
Purpose of
the
SystemHow does
it help you
stay alive?
Sends
messages
through
body/ helps
communicate
with the rest
of the body/
helps you
respond to
environment
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
Sends blood,
oxygen, and
nutrients
through body
Heart
Veins
arteries
Top two
important
organ
Skeletal
Digestive
Respiratory
Help us move 1.Gives body
structure/form
2.Protects
organs
3. help move
body
Turns food
into nutrients
and Energy,
helps remove
waste
Helps
exchange
gasses
Glutes
Abdomen
Calves
Stomach
Intestines
Esophagus
Lungs
Diaphragm
Trachea
Skull
Spine
Ribs
Femur
Other Questions: Answer each question below in a complete sentence.
Are humans unicellular (made of one cell) or multicellular (many celled) organisms? Why? How do you know?
Multicellular: we have specialized cells (brain are different than blood, heart), we have many jobs to do at one
time that need to be done quickly, and if we were unicellular, that wouldn’t be able to happen. If we were
unicellular, we would be super tiny
What is the brain/center of your cell called? What is found here? What does it do for you?
Nucleus/ DNA- makes up who you are/ your traits. The nucleus directs the cell.
Compare and contrast the structure of plant and animal cells. Why are they different?
BOTH are multicellular, have DNA and a nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane; Animal: circular, have a single
membrane; Plant: rectangular, have double membrane (cell wall). Chloroplasts (make them green)
Liz has green eyes, while her mom, dad, and other sister Mer all have blue eyes. Explain how this is possible.
You can use a Punnet Square if you would like to. Liz has recessive traits. She got one from each of her parents.
Describe two dominant and two recessive traits that you have.
Dominant: brown hair, skin color, brown eyes, tall height, nose shape
Recessive: Left handed, having red hair, blue eyes
Compare and contrast inherited and acquired/learned traits. Give two examples of each.
Inherited: from our parents: hair color, eye color, height, shape of your facial features
Acquired/Learned: get from practice/learning: sport skills, language, learning how to walk, scars
How is oxygen taken from the lungs to the rest of the body?
You breathe in oxygen, and travels to the lungs. In the lungs, the alveoli gives oxygen to the blood, and the
blood drops of carbon dioxide, which we exhale.
What are the types of blood cells you have? What do they do for your body? List at least 3.
Red- carry oxygen to blood; White- fight off diseases in the body; Platelets: clot the blood
Why do humans need to be multicellular organisms? We have specialized cells (brain are different than blood,
heart), we have many jobs to do at one time that need to be done quickly, and if we were unicellular, that
wouldn’t be able to happen. If we were unicellular, we would be super tiny
How do the following body systems work together?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Skeletal and Muscular: help body move
Respiratory and Circulatory: blood carries oxygen around the body
Digestive and Circulatory: gives body energy and nutrients, which the blood carries
Nervous and all other systems (just write one sentence here): controls all other body systems
Define the purpose AND location of the following organs or body parts:
Brain: tells body what to do (head)
Nerves: Sends messages through body (everywhere)
Spinal Cord: connects brain to body (back)
Small Intestine: absorbs nutrients from food (abdomen)
Large Intestine: absorbs water from food mixture (abdomen)
Stomach: mixes food with acid (abdomen)
Lungs: organs that inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide (chest)
Trachea: windpipe- gets air into lungs (neck)
Alveoli: where gasses are exchanged between lungs and blood (lungs)
Capillaries: connect arteries to veins (everywhere, especially in fingers and toes)
Artery: send oxygenated blood away from heart (everywhere)
Vein: send deoxygenated blood (with CO2) towards the heart from the body (everywhere)
Heart: pumps blood through body (chest)
Femur: bone in upper leg. Biggest bone in body.
Sternum: protects your heart (chest)
Ribs: protects lungs and heart (chest)
Gluteus Maximus: butt muscles, cushion you when sitting or when you fall. Biggest muscle in body
Bicep: upper arm muscle
PLTW Review: The number in parenthesis is the lesson that the questions comes from.
Name and describe three ways germs can be transmitted (Lesson 1):
1.
Physical contact- hugging, kissing, touching someone who is contaminated
2.
Objects- touching something that an infected person has touched and left their germs on- tables, cups
3.
Animals- lice or ticks can pass germs onto you.
How can the spreading of communicable diseases be reduced/prevented? (Lesson 1)
Washing hands, staying home when sick, wiping down surfaces often, being careful when blood/bodily fluids
are spread
What is your immune system? (Lesson 3)
Body system that protects you from diseases
Write down three parts of your immune system and how they protect your body. (Lesson 3)
1.
Skin- keeps germs outside the body
2.
White Blood Cells- fight germs/diseases when they’re inside the body.
3.
Stomach/digestive track- good bacteria can help food break down easier and more efficiently.
Are fevers good or bad for you? Why? (Lesson 3)
Good! Fevers kill off bacteria/viruses in the body, so even though you may feel sick/weak with a fever, the
fever still can help get rid of infection in the body.
Name three communicable diseases. How can you get these? (Lesson 4)
Flu, Strep Throat, Common Cold- get these from bacteria or viruses being passed between people
Name three non-communicable diseases. How can you get these? (Lesson 4)
Cancer, Asthma, Heart Disease- you get these from a weakness/problem with a body part
Compare and contrast bacteria and viruses. (Lesson 4)
Bacteria- can be good and bad. Virus- all bad. Both can infect people/make them sick, and need a host to live in.
Why is it so important to doctors to determine who patient zero is? (Lessons 1 and 4)
To find out why and how the person got sick, and to prevent the sickness from getting spread.
How can schools, hospitals, and other busy places prevent future cases of communicable diseases? (all lessons)
Clean and disinfect very often. When bodily fluids are spilled, clean and sanitize multiple times with strong
cleaner.