Download 09-TempControls

The Atmosphere:
Heat overview
Temperature v. Heat
• Temperature: measurement of the motion of
atoms or molecules
faster motion = higher temp
• Heat: the transfer of energy from one object to
another
flows from higher to lower temp
• Heat fuels the weather, and temperature
measures it!
Temperature
Temperature v. Heat
• Temperature: measurement of the motion of
atoms or molecules
faster motion = higher temp
• Heat: the transfer of energy from one object to
another
flows from higher to lower temp
• Three main types of energy transfer:
• Convection
• Conduction
• Radiation
Heat Transfer in the Atmosphere
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom
Conduction
The transfer of heat through direct
touch/contact
Convection
• The circular transfer of heat through
fluids (liquids & gases).
– Warm air rising
– Cold air sinking
Radiation
The transfer of energy in waves through space
All objects, at any temperature, emit radiant
energy
Convection, Conduction, Radiation
The Atmosphere:
Temperature Controls
Temperature Controls
 Temperature Controls: conditions that
change temperature from one place to the next
 Example
 latitude
Explain…
• As latitude increases, temperature decreases
Temperature Controls
 Temperature Controls: conditions that
change temperature from one place to the next
 Examples:
 latitude
 altitude
Average Monthly Temperatures for
Guayaquil and Quito
Explain…
• As altitude increases, temperature decreases
Temperature Controls
 Temperature Controls: conditions that
change temperature from one place to the next
 Examples:
 latitude
 altitude
 cloud cover
Cloud cover and temperature
Explain…
• Daytime: cloud cover reflects sunlight = colder
• Nighttime: cloud cover traps energy = warmer
Temperature Controls
 Temperature Controls: conditions that
change temperature from one place to the next
 Examples:
 latitude
 altitude
 cloud cover
 land v. water
Average monthly temperatures
for Vancouver and Winnipeg
Explain…
• Land heats faster and to higher temp, cools faster and to
lower temps (more extremes)
• Coastal areas are more mild because of ocean influence
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
Explain…
• Southern Hemisphere has less land
than Northern, so more mild
Land and Sea Breezes
• Why is the beach warmer?
• Cooler air is drawn on shore by what process?
• Convection causes a cool wind to blow on shore
Land and Sea Breezes
• Which will cool off faster? Land or water?
• Cooler air is drawn off land toward water
• At the beach at night you will experience a
breeze blowing toward water
Isotherms
 Iso =
therm =
 Isotherms are lines on a weather map that
connect points where the temperature is
equal.
Isotherms show the effects of temperature
controls, such as latitude, altitude,
distribution of land and water, and ocean
currents
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