Download Nouns

1
Parts of
Speech
MARY ELLEN GUFFEY AND CAROLYN M. SEEFER
BUSINESS
ENGLISH
12e
© 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a
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Orientation:
How to Study Business English
Before
reading a
chapter
1. Set aside a quiet
time and place to
study.
2. Examine the
chapter objectives.
3. Take the chapter
pretest; check your
answers.
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2017 Cengage
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2
Orientation:
How to Study Business English
As you
read a
chapter
1. Highlight important
concepts.
2. Write questions in
margins to ask in
class.
3. Study examples
and illustrations.
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Orientation:
How to Study Business English
After
reading a
chapter
1. Review the passages
you highlighted.
2. Ask yourself whether
you understand the
concepts presented.
3. Take the posttest;
compare with pretest.
4. Finish all assigned
exercises and check
your answers online.
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4
LEARNING OUTCOMES
▶ Understand the content of
business English and its
relevance to you and your
career.
▶ Define the eight parts of
speech.
▶ Recognize how parts of speech
function in sentences.
▶ Use words in a variety of
grammatical roles.
© 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a
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5
What Is
Business
English?
The study of language
fundamentals needed to
communicate effectively
in today's workplace
These language fundamentals include:
 Grammar
 Usage
 Punctuation
 Capitalization
 Number style
 Spelling
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6
Why
Study
Business
English?
 To refresh rusty skills
 To feel confident and professional in
using the language
 To succeed in a workplace where
increasing emphasis is placed on oral
and written communication
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7
What Are
the
Benefits?
Those who write and
speak well on the
job are:
 Hired
 Valued
 Promoted
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8
Can You
Become
an
Expert?
Yes, you can become an
expert by learning where to
find answers.
You will need these books:
 A current college-level
or desk dictionary
 A good office reference
manual
 Your textbook
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9
Nouns
Pronouns
Interjections
Conjunctions
The Eight
Parts of
Speech
Verbs
Adjectives
Prepositions
Adverbs
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10
 Nouns name persons, places,
things, qualities, feelings, concepts,
activities, and measures.
Persons
Places
Things
Qualities
Feelings
Concepts
Activities
Measures
Randy, Joanie, employees
Chicago, Hawaii, Europe
pizza, kitten, surfboard
reliability, flexibility, patience
happiness, anger, confusion
communication, productivity
working, speaking, dancing
day, week, inch, kilometer
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11
To test for a noun,
use the word with the
verb is or are.
 Try these nouns with is or are.
Laurie is . . . .
Managers are . . . .
Freedom is . . . .
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Pronouns replace nouns. Use them
for efficiency and variety.
 Without pronouns, sentences sound
like this:
Matt said that Matt must find Matt’s keys
before Matt can leave for work.
 How would this sentence sound with
pronouns?
Matt said that he must find his keys before
he can leave for work.
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 Verbs express an action, an
occurrence, or a state of being.
Kim drove her car to work. (Action)
Kim has a bicycle too. (Occurrence)
Her bicycle is white. (State of being)
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Three Kinds of Verbs
Action Verb: tells what the subject does;
includes physical and mental action
Examples: dances, decides, works, praises
Linking Verb: joins words that describe the
subject
Examples: is, are, was, were, am,
appears, seems, feels, smells, tastes, looks
Helping Verb: used to create verb phrases
Examples: is, are, was, were, am, could,
would, should, do, does
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To test for a verb, try
the word with a noun.
 Try several action and linking verbs with
this expression.
The manager _________________.
 Make sense?
The manager speaks, the manager
decides, the manager was, and so
forth.
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 Adjectives describe nouns or
pronouns. They answer the
questions What kind? How many?
and Which one?
A good student submitted excellent work.
(What kind?)
Our manager bought two tablets and one
printer. (How many?)
This vehicle is expensive. (Which one?)
The words a, an, and the form a special group
of adjectives called articles.
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 Adverbs describe or limit verbs,
adjectives, and other adverbs. They
answer such questions as When?
How? Where? and To what extent?
Yesterday the power went out repeatedly.
(When and how?)
The restaurant is over there. (Where?)
We were served very quickly. (How and to
what extent?)
To help you remember the function of an adverb,
think of its two syllables: ad meaning to add to or
amplify the meaning of a verb.
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 Prepositions join nouns and
pronouns to other words in
sentences. For example,
The truck was driven
by Kim.
for Kim.
to Kim.
with Kim.
around Kim.
over Kim.
Notice how prepositions change the relationship
between Kim and the verb.
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How many
prepositions do you
see in the following
sentence?
After the accident Kim went to
Hawaii for a vacation in the sun.
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 Conjunctions connect words or
groups of words.
Coordinating Conjunctions (most
commonly used conjunctions):
and
or
nor
but
for
so (used casually)
yet (used occasionally)
Pizza and burritos are Kim’s
favorites, but she also enjoys
hamburgers.
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 Interjections show surprise,
disbelief, or strong feeling.
Oops, I can’t believe I forgot the attachment
again!
Wow! Did you feel that tremor?
Well, I think this wraps up our meeting.
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Important Tip
The same word can function as different
parts of speech depending on how it is
used in a sentence. Consider the word
service.
We received good service here.
(Noun)
He operates a service station.
(Adjective)
Did you service your car? (Verb)
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Quick Summary of Parts of Speech
Namers
Performers
Nouns
Name things
Pronouns
Rename things
Verbs
Adjectives
Describe nouns and
pronouns
Adverbs
Describe verbs,
adjectives, adverbs
Prepositions
Join nouns, pronouns to
sentence
Conjunctions
Connect words
Interjections
Show strong feeling
Describers
Connectors
Exclaimers
Show action or link words
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24
TRY YOUR SKILL
Identify the part of
speech for each word
in this sentence:
Kim becomes happy
when she receives
positive comments.
Kim (noun)
becomes (verb)
happy (adjective)
when (conjunction)
she (pronoun)
receives (verb)
positive (adjective)
comments (noun)
© 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a
© 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a
license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock
© Larysa Ray/Shutterstock
25
TRY YOUR SKILL
Identify the part of
speech for each word
in this sentence:
Ryan (noun)
was (verb)
challenged (adjective)
but (conjunction)
Ryan was puzzled, but he
he (pronoun)
quickly solved the
quickly (adverb)
problem.
solved (verb)
the (article-adjective)
problem (noun)
© 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a
© 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a
license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock
© Larysa Ray/Shutterstock
26
TRY YOUR SKILL
Identify the part of
speech for each word
in this sentence:
They worked carefully
on a big project.
They (noun)
worked (verb)
carefully (adverb)
on (preposition)
a (article-adjective)
big (adjective)
project (noun)
© 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a
© 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a
license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock
© Larysa Ray/Shutterstock
27
TRY YOUR SKILL
Identify the part of
speech for each word
in this sentence:
Kim and Ryan prepared
two persuasive
proposals.
Kim (noun)
and (conjunction)
Ryan (noun)
prepared (verb)
two (adjective)
persuasive (adjective)
proposals (noun)
© 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a
© 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a
license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock
© Larysa Ray/Shutterstock
28
TRY YOUR SKILL
Identify the part of
speech for each word
in this sentence:
Wow! The work for the
project is very hard.
Wow! (interjection)
The (adjective–article)
work (noun)
for (preposition)
the (adjective-article)
project (noun)
is (verb)
very (adverb)
hard (adjective)
© 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a
© 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a
license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.
certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock
© Larysa Ray/Shutterstock
29
“The art of
communication
is the language
of leadership.”
– James C. Humes,
American presidential
speechwriter (b. 1934)
© 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a
© 2017
Cengagewith
Learning®.
May
not beorscanned,
or duplicated,
or posted to a publicly
accessible
website, in learning
whole ormanagement
in part, exceptsystem
for usefor
asclassroom
permitted use.
in a license
distributed with a
license
distributed
a certain
product
service orcopied
otherwise
on a password-protected
website
or school-approved
©
certain
product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. © Larysa Ray/Shutterstock
Larysa
Ray/Shutterstock
30