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Presentation Details: Slides: 14 Duration: 00:07:20 Filename: C:\Users\jpage\Documents\NCVPS Learning Objects\American History II Isolationism to World Power Navigation to PPT W\Module 3 Lesson 2 American Imperialism\AmHisII Mod 3 Les2 From Isolationism to World Power.ppt Presenter Details: Published by Articulate® Presenter www.articulate.com Slide 1 From Isolationism to World Power Duration: 00:00:07 Advance mode: Auto Slide 2 Imperialism Duration: 00:00:23 Advance mode: Auto Slide 3 Imperialism Duration: 00:00:34 Advance mode: Auto Published by Articulate® Presenter Notes: From Isolationism to World Power: US Foreign Affairs and Imperialism Notes: Imperialism. After temporarily resolving the problems of Reconstruction and Industrialization, Americans wanted to expand again. The Civil War put on hold the original Manifest Destiny that began in the 1840s. But now, as pioneers settled the final remaining western frontiers, expansionists looked yet farther to the west –toward Asia and the Pacific. Notes: Imperialism continued. Leading expansionist Captain Alfred T. Mahan cautioned that the Pacific could “be entered and controlled only by a vigorous contest.” As head of the Naval War College, Mahan believed that America’s survival depended upon a strong navy. He argued that having a strong navy would require islands to serve as naval bases. Mahan wrote that it was time for Americans to turn their “eyes outward, instead of inward only, to seek the welfare of the country.” www.articulate.com Slide 4 Imperialism Duration: 00:00:36 Advance mode: Auto Slide 5 Imperialism Duration: 00:00:34 Advance mode: Auto Slide 6 Imperialism in Hawaii Duration: 00:00:33 Advance mode: Auto Published by Articulate® Presenter Notes: Matthew C. Perry, commander of the United States naval forces in the China seas, was an expansionist. In 1852 he had warned President Fillmore that the British, who had already taken control of Hong Kong and Singapore, would soon control all trade in the area. Perry believed that the U.S. should take “active measures to secure a number of ports of refuge” in Japan. President Fillmore agreed with Perry, and in 1853 he ordered the Commodore to open negotiations with the Emperor of Japan. Notes: As ships crossed the ocean to trade in Asia, islands in the Pacific became important stops for provisions, coal, and repairs. In the South Pacific, the American navy negotiated with natives for the rights to build bases on the islands of Midway and Samoa. The Hawaiian Islands, which were closest to the American mainland, had been an important stop for the Pacific fleet for a long time. Pearl Harbor, on the island of Oahu, provided one of the most attractive bases in the Pacific. Notes: Imperialism in Hawaii. The Kanaka people of Hawaii had been happy living in their traditional, idyllic ways, with simple shelters as their homes, yet mainland Americans were busy building huge plantations, warehouses, railroads, drydocks, banks, hotels, and stores there. Americans soon dominated the island’s economy, and they were able to influence its government as well. They created and controlled Hawaii’s legislature and cabinet, and they limited the power of the native king. www.articulate.com Slide 7 Imperialism in Hawaii Duration: 00:00:33 Advance mode: Auto Slide 8 Imperialism in Hawaii Duration: 00:01:01 Advance mode: Auto Published by Articulate® Presenter Notes: As the 19th century drew to an end, disputes arose between the Kanaka and those of foreign descent. “Hawaii for Hawaiians” became the slogan of people who sought to restore the traditional ways of the kingdom. Others called for the annexation of Hawaii by the US in order for it to become a U.S. territory, for it would eliminate the recent trade restrictions on sugar and revive Hawaii’s faltering economy. Secret organizations, such as the Annexation Club, plotted revolution. Notes: During this time of unrest in Hawaii, Queen Liliuokalani assumed the throne when her brother died. She had already governed the islands during her brother’s long absences and was absolutely capable of controlling the government. Like some islanders, she was not happy to have so much American influence there and she sought to eliminate this influence in the government and tried to create a new constitution that would strengthen her traditional monarchy. However, her cabinet refused to cooperate. American residents were outraged; they organized the Committee of Safety and appointed members of the Annexation Club as its leaders. On January 17, 1893, armed www.articulate.com members of the committee attacked and took over the government office building, abolishing the monarchy and establishing a temporary government. Sanford B. Dole, an elderly judge, became its president. The queen’s supporters tried to resist the government but were captured. She finally renounced all claim to the throne. Slide 9 Imperialism in Hawaii Duration: 00:00:24 Advance mode: Auto Slide 10 Roosevelt Corollary Duration: 00:00:42 Advance mode: Auto Published by Articulate® Presenter Notes: In 1896, the election of Republican William McKinley as President of the United States revived Hawaiian hopes for annexation. McKinley, like many Republicans, favored expansionism and welcomed the new annexation treaty. A joint resolution of Congress annexing Hawaii passed both houses, and the islands became American possessions. Notes: Now let’s look at the Roosevelt Corollary. Remember the Monroe Doctrine? It was intended to keep European nations out of Latin America, but the Roosevelt Corollary (put forth by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904) was used as a justification for the U.S. to intervene in Latin America. One of Teddy Roosevelt most famous sayings, if not the most famous, was: “Speak softly, and carry a big stick.” Latin Americans reacted little to the doctrine at first, but as the years passed and the U.S. routinely intervened in the Caribbean and Central America, attitudes changed and U.S. was viewed with increased distrust — and often with outright hatred. www.articulate.com Slide 11 Seward’s Folly Duration: 00:00:57 Advance mode: Auto Slide 12 Open Door Policy Duration: 00:00:10 Advance mode: Auto Published by Articulate® Presenter Notes: Now, on to Seward’s Folly. William H. Seward, Secretary of State under Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, believed in expansionism. Russia had been interested in selling Alaska for many years, for the territory (in their opinion) seemed to have little value and was remote and hard to defend. An agreement was signed in March 1867 and transferred Alaska to the US in return for a payment of $7.2 million -- about 2.5 cents per acre for an area twice the size of Texas. The treaty was ratified by the U.S. Senate by a single vote. The press criticized, portraying the newly acquired wasteland as “Seward’s Folly,” “Seward’s Icebox” or Johnson’s “polar bear garden.” Only in the1890s, when gold was discovered in Alaska, did public attitudes begin to change. And you can imagine just how quickly they changed!! Notes: Open door policy. As with expansion, interest in Pacific rim and Asian trade increased. The US adopted an open door policy as a way into China. www.articulate.com Slide 13 Open Door Policy Duration: 00:00:32 Advance mode: Auto Slide 14 World Power Duration: 00:00:15 Advance mode: Auto Published by Articulate® Presenter Notes: The Open Door Policy: John Hay, Secretary of State, sent letters to all foreign powers and suggested an “Open Door” policy in China, guaranteeing equal trading rights for all and preventing one nation from discriminating against another within its sphere. The nations replied that they liked the concept but that they could not support or enforce it. Hay’s plan had been politely rejected, yet he announced that since all of the powers had accepted the Open Door in principle, the United States considered their agreement “final and definitive.” Notes: th As you can see, by the turn of the 20 Century, America was on its way to becoming a world power. But, with power comes responsibility. How will the United States handle its new role as the major leader in the world? www.articulate.com