Download MUSCULAR SYSTEM

MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Types of Muscle Tissue: ______________________________________________________
* Skeletal, aka "____________________", aka "voluntary" - attached to bones and under
___________________________, willful control. Has the ability to contract (shorten) and thereby
bring about movement
I. Muscle and Muscle Fiber Structure: A muscle is composed of many muscle fibers (muscle fiber
= __________________________). The individual muscles are separated from each other and
held in place by a covering called the FASCIA. This fascia also forms
________________________ and APONEUROSES connecting muscles to bones and muscles to
muscles (tendons & ligaments)
A muscle also contains ____different layers of ___________________________ tissue:
___________________________ - outermost layer, surrounds entire muscle
___________________________ - separated and surrounds the FASCICLES (bundles) of muscle
fibers
___________________________ - surrounds each individual muscle fiber
Skeletal muscle fibers contain numerous _____________ and ___________________ --> Energy
The muscle fiber membrane is called the ________________________________ and the
cytoplasm is called the ____________________________. Within the sarcoplasm are many
parallel fibers known as _________________________________
Each myofibril is made of many protein filaments called ___________________________. There
are two types:
________________________ - thick filaments
________________________ - thin filaments
Structure of a _________________________________ (functional unit of a muscle)
Actin and Myosin filaments are arranged in an overlapping pattern of _______________________
("__" bands) and __________________________ ("__" bands). In the middle of each "I" band is a
line called a "__" line. The section of a myofibril from one Z-line to the next Z-line is the
________________________.
*** The arrangement of these sarcomeres next to each other produces the STRIATIONS of the
skeletal muscle fibers***.
Each Myofibril is surrounded by a network of channels called SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.
TRANVERSE TUBULES pass through the fibers - see p174
II. How Muscles Work with the Nervous System
_____________________________________ - where a NERVE FIBER and muscle fiber come
together. A.K.A. ______________________________. MOTOR NEURON ENDINGS - nerve fiber
caries the impulse that stimulates the muscle fibers
____________________________________ - specialized part of muscle fiber membrane
(sarcolemma) located at the neuromuscular junction, has many folds
________________________________ - An actual "gap" or cleft which exits between the motor
neuron endings and the motor end plate.
________________________________ - numerous vesicles in motor neuron endings, where
neurotransmitters are stored before being released into the synaptic cleft.
__________________________________ - substance that is released from nerve endings into
synaptic cleft____________________________________. In this case, a "muscle impulse". One of
the major neurotransmitters is ___________________________. This brings about muscle
contractions. _________________________ is an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine
III. ENERGY SOURCE: Provided by ______________________ around myofibrils. ATP is
produced by _____________________________ which occurs in the mitochondria (requires O2
and glucose)
* Creatine Phosphate provides energy for the regeneration of ATP
* Only _________% of energy produced during cellular respiration is used in metabolic processes the rest is in the form of _________________. This is what produces our body heat and maintains
body temperature. More muscle activity = more heat
ATP = adenosine triphosphate | ADP = adenosine diphosphate
V: Other Terms – Use book to research and fill in definitions
1. Threshold Stimulus
2. All-or-None Response
3. Motor Unit
5. Recruitment
6. Muscle Tone
7. Muscular Hypertrophy
8. Muscular Atrophy
9. Muscle Fatigue
10. Muscle Cramp
Label the Muscles in the following Diagram:
Pump It Up - webquest
Why is building muscle and keeping them strong important? First read this article to answer a few
prelimary questions.
http://tinyurl.com/ydn5nja
http://tinyurl.com/ynv5gp
Questions to consider:



Why is maintaining muscle strength important
How does aging affect your muscles?
Why would a person, even one that isn't interested in "buffing" up want to maintain good
muscle tone?
Instructions:
Pick a spot on your body, maybe it's a spot you think you could be stronger or more toned - you
might consider muscles of your lower legs, or your chest. You will now need to visit a few websites
to help you understand the muscles located in this area and exercises to help you increase muscle
strength.
Project Goals:



A short introduction on why maintaining muscles strength is important (see articles above)
A chart that lists four muscles (or groups) and what exercises you would use to strengthen
them. See handout
Create a short demonstration for the class (about a minute) where you describe a single
muscle (or group), using anatomical terminology and demonstrate an exercise to strengthen
that muscle. For this part, we will not be using real weights, due to safety reasons, but props
will be provided, such as mini-dumbbells, yardsticks..etc
Website Resources
Critical Bench ( http://www.criticalbench.com/muscular-system.htm )
Sports Fitness Advisor ( http://www.sport-fitness-advisor.com/dumbellexercises.html )
Body Building ( http://bodybuilding.com/fun/anatomy.htm )
Fitstep ( http://www.fitstep.com/Library/Exercises/Exercises.htm )
Global Fitness ( http://www.global-fitness.com/strength/s_musclemap.php )
Pump It Up
Introduction: (describe why muscle strengthening is important)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Name of Muscle
Location
Description of Exercise
Study Guide
1. Name and describe the three different layers of connective tissue in a muscle.
2. Myofibrils are composed primarily of two protein filaments called
_______________________ and __________________________
3. What is a motor unit?
4. Name and describe the parts of a neuromuscular junction.
5. What do acetylcholine and cholinesterase do?
6. Bundles of muscular fibers are called _______________________________
7. The more active your muscles are, the more body heat they release. True or False?
8. Name the following structures
A. ______________________ Network of membranous channels that surround and run
parallel to the myofibrils
B. ______________________Thick protein filaments within the A-bands
C. ______________________Protein filament that slides inward, toward the middle of a
sarcomere, during a muscle contraction
D. ______________________ Conducts a muscle impulse deep into a sarcoplasm, to the
cisternae
E. ______________________The segment of a myofibril between two Z-lines
9. What causes muscles to appear striated?
10. Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles found in the ____________________________
11. Creatine phosphate serves to do what? (It supplies energy for what?)
12. What causes muscle fatigue and muscle cramps?
13. What is a threshold stimulus?
14. It is the function of the _________________________ in muscle contractions to supply energy
for muscle fiber contractions.
15. What does the "all-or-none response" mean?
16. A "partial, but sustained, contraction" describes what?
17. The ________________________ appearance of skeletal muscles results from the
arrangement of sarcomeres.
18. ____________________________ has the function of transmitting a muscle impulse into the
interior of the cell.
19. ___________% of energy released by cellular respiration is available for use by metabolic
processes - the rest is lost as body heat.
20. A substance called a ______________________ crosses the synaptic cleft and stimulates the
muscle fiber to contract.
21. A _______________________ can be described as cordlike and connecting muscles to bones,
while an ___________________ would be described as a fibrous sheet of connective tissue
connecting muscles to muscles.
22. __________________________is the shrinkage of a muscle due to lack of use.
23. What molecules pass in and out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum as a muscle fiber contracts and
releases? _________________________
24. The A bands are [ light / dark ] whereas the I bands are [ light / dark ]
25. What are the three types of muscles? Which type(s) are voluntary? Which type(s) are striated?
26. Where do you find the motor end plate?
27. What is recruitment?
28. Muscle fibers are made of individual ___________________________ which are composed of
___________________ and ____________________