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RADIOLOGICAL EPONIMS DERIVED FROM THE LITERATURE CHARACTERS J.Calatayud Moscoso del Prado, G. Fernández Pérez, D. Castellón Plaza, N. Silva Priegue, M. Velasco Casares, M. Hortas OBJETIVES To describe the most relevant radiological eponyms derived from literature, mythical, biblical or ficticious characters. A fascinating journey into the origin of names wich can contribute to the understanding of their appearance and usage ACHILLES TENDON In greek mythology Achilles´ mother, Thetis, to make him invulnerable, took her son by the foot and dipped him in the magical waters of River Stix, but she failed to wet the powerful tendon at the back of the heel, so that later, the hero Achilles would fatally wounded in that spot for Paris´ well aimed arrow . Ever since any small and unobtrusive point at which and otherwise stalwart person might be subject to attack has been know as his Achilles heel. The Achilles tendon is the though, witiss cord made of collagen fibers that attaches triceps surae to calcaneus bone Ecographic appearance of Achilles tendon in differents projections ADAM´S APPLE There are different theories about the origin of this term, one is it comes from the superstition that a piece of the forbbiden fruit from witch Adam ate stuck in his throat and occasioned the swelling, however there's no mention in the Bible that the primordial fruit was in fact an apple so it though that the latin term “pomum adami” may represent a mistranslation of the Hebrew “tapuach ha Adam” (male bump). This confusion might be excused on the grounds that a single Hebrew word means both “bump” and “apple” and the Hebrew word for “man” came to be the proper name “Adam”. The Adam´s Apple is the anterior protuberance of the thyroid cartilage which is generally more noticeable in men that in women. AMMON´S HORN The term Ammon's horn is a metaphor that refers to the ram shaped horns on the head representing the Egyptian God Amun who protected the Pharaoh Taharqa in the temple of Kawa. Many temples were dedicated to Amun. The Greek form of the name was Ammon, the Libyan Jupiter whom the Greeks identified with Zeus. King David conquered a Jordanian tribe, the Ammonites, who were descendants of Lot, by the son of his younger daughter. It is of interest that the related hippocampal commissure together with the crura of the fornix, is sometimes termed the “psalterium” or “lyra Davidis”. Psalterium and lyra are both harps. Radiologists recognise it as each of two elongated eminences (hippocampus major and minor) on the floor of each lateral ventricle of the brain. ATLAS The first cervical vertebra, which support the skull by articulating with the occipital bone at the base of the skull, is named after Atlas who was condemned to support the heavens on his shoulders. In Greek mythology, Atlas was a Titan whose bulk surpassed that of any other man. Perseus (the son of Zeus and Danae) asked Atlas for food and rest after he had killed the Gorgon, Medusa. Atlas refused because of a prophecy that a son of Zeus would steal his golden apples. In anger, Perseus held up the Medusa´s head and Atlas changed to stone. 3Din TCbulk reconstruction of the Atlas He increased until he became a mountain on which the heavens, the stars, and the earth reste, as does the skull on the vertebral column DELPHIAN NODE Delphi was a city on the slopes of Parnassus in Phocis, and the supposed The Delphian node is Goats locatedfeeding in the midcenter of the Earth. at line of the neck overlaying this fascia mountain hadanterior convulsions. A goat the thyroid isthmus. It isaso-called herder when inhaling peculiarbecause vapor its affectation predicts disease arising from a deep clefttyroidean in the mountain or can had profetice an unpleasant death inside convulsions and his ravings secondary cancer.inspired and were takentotolaryngeal be a divinely attributed to Apollo. A priestess, named Pythia, was chosen The node is the calles in honor to sitDelphian on a tripod over cleft and herof the Greek that would foretell inspired wordsoracle were interpreted by priest. disaster to those enough correctly Delphian came clever to refers totoanything interpret cryptic messages. obscure itsorusually ambiguous as were the responses of the Delphic oracle CAPUT MEDUSAE Portal hypertension can results in distension superficial periumbilical veins of the skin owing to back pressure of blood from the portal vein witch compressed by cirrhotic liver tissue. The wavy appearance of these distended vein has been compared to the hair of Medusae This term has been also used to refers developmental venous anomalies of the brain, where a number of veins drain centrally to wards a single drain vein. CAPUT MEDUSAE Medusa was one of th three Gorgons of Greek mythology, monstrous females with huge teeth, brazen claws and snakes for hair. She was once beautiful, but was deprived of her charms by Minerva because she had defiled an Athenian tempe by sleeping there with Poseidon. Her beautiful ringlets were changed into hissing snakes and all who looked turned to stone. Her head was cut off by Perseus, who approached her when she was asleep, and only looked at her image reflected in his shield. He gaved the head to Minerva and it still retained its power. CUPID´S BOW CONTOUR Cupid (Eros), was the winged and mischievous son of Venus, god of love in Roman mythology, This term describes a normal variation whoinbecame jealous of the great beauty of the the contour of the inferior end plates of Psyche. Venus asked Cupid to give her mortal the third fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae a passion for some low, mean unworthy being. as seen on anteroposterior radiograph of placed a few drops from a bitter Cupid the lumbar spine. It´s is important not to fountain on her lips while she was asleep and mistake this inferior end plate for touched some her side with the point of his arrow. pathologies process that could cause She started him by awakening and he bone weakness and deformities. accidentally wouded himself with his own arrow Thus, they became destined for each other. He shot arrows from his bow to make the wounded gods or mortals fall hopelessly in love, with whoever they happened to be gazing upon. Legend has it that his bow was carved from the club of Heracles.