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ACCESS AND AFFORDABILITY TO BROADBAND IN KENYA PRESENTATION BY LOIS KERUBO BOSIRE ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, ICT MINISTRY OF INFOMARTION AND COMMUNICATIONS –KENYA CONTENT OVERVIEW OF MINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS ICT INFRASTRUCTURE DEPLOYMENT BROADBAND ACCESS OBJECTIVES IMPACT OF BROADBAND ACCESS CHALLENGES FACED KEY LESSONS LEARNT GOVERNMENT OF KENYA INTERVENTIONS OVERVIEW OF MOIC VISION To make Kenya a world class centre of excellence in Information Communications Technology (ICT) MISSION To develop Kenya as a globally competitive and prosperous nation by creating an enabling environment that encourages and enhances the development, expansion and use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs). MINISTRY OBJECTIVES Contributing to making Kenya a middle level economy through development and promotion of Business Process Outsourcing and development of local digital film and information content; Improving universal access to ICT services to the public by developing the appropriate infrastructure, establishing digital villages, Rural Resource Centres and Multimedia Technology Parks, and facilitating the availability of affordable ICT hardware and software. Building capacity within the ICT sector through establishment of ICT training centres , skills transfer and entrepreneurship programmes and provision of high capacity bandwidth to learning institutions ; and Enhancing Citizen Service Delivery through ICT. ICT INFRASTRUCTURE DEPLOYMENT TEAMS submarine cable –PPP with MOIC National Optic Fibre Backbone -terrestrial cables Last mile technologies i.e. WIMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) Government Common Core Network–interconnecting government ministries EASY, SEACOM –Private Sector The East Africa Marine System (TEAMS) The Cable Route Mombasa -to – Fujairah Capacity 2 fibre pairs 120Gbps initial capacity Fujairah Equipped for 1.2Tbps Mombasa NOFBI MAP BROADBAND ACCESS INITIATIVES BY MOIC Resource centres -30 by KNA Digital villages –by KICT Board, target of 1 per constituency done in PPP model Internet for colleges i.e. KENET OPEN DATA web portal www.opendata.go.ke BROADBAND ACCESS OBJECTIVES REDUCED COST: Reduce the cost of communications and thus increase the universal access to ICT services as envisaged in the Millennium Development and Vision 2030 Goals CONNECTIVITY: Facilitate widespread connectivity that will ensure universal access to ICT for sustainable development throughout the country COMPETITIVENESS: Enhance Kenya’s economic competitiveness through utilization of abundant human resources in Business Processing Outsourcing (BPO) KNOWLEDGE BASED SOCIETY: Develop a knowledge-based society and thereby enhance the quality of life for the people of Kenya LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES: Strengthen Kenya’s learning opportunities and develop capacity to meet future technological challenges. Objectives Cont ICT HUB: Increase Kenya’s competitiveness both as high bandwidth and an investment destination as well as a trade and communication hub. RURAL URBAN MIGRATION: Achievement of universal access will lead to the opening up of rural areas to economic activity thus reducing rural urban migration incidents. ONLINE APPLICATION SERVICES: Facilitate online application services like e-commerce, e-education, mobile banking etc. COSTS: Facilitate provision of cable bases bandwidth for internet applications, telephony and broadcasting, hence savings on costs and frequency spectrum usage. GDP: Contribution to economy’s GDP growth IMPACT OF BROADBAND ACCESS BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES: The cost of bandwidth has come down by at least six times (from KShs 6000 to less KShs 1000 per MB) therefore increasing affordability and enabling more people access to the Internet especially schools, SMEs and low income groups and individuals. It has also enabled new services and products not possible before due to bandwidth restrictions e.g. BPOs and Call Centres DATA AND DISASTER RECOVERY CENTRES: The rate of establishing data centres has increased with the landing of the TEAMS. More investments are coming up in the financial sector. Notably, a number of foreign banks have set up backup and restore offices in Kenya, creating employment to the local population and increasing capacities in the banking sector. TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS: Universities, through the Kenya Educational Network (KENET) have had a project to prepare for the cable bandwidth. They have connected with each other and created fibre infrastructure for local access (last mile). E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES: Use of the cable has improved the e-government service provision through use of Government Common Core Network that is linked to the cable. The citizens are also able to access the e-government services better due to faster speed and affordable internet costs. For example Internet Protocol Telephone System at MOIC, online recruitment and Integrated Financial Management systems Cont REDUCED UNIT COSTS: Capital and operational for global connectivity, leading to increased profits REDUCED OUT PAYMENTS: to foreign telecommunications (satellite) facility providers by using of the direct routes through own infrastructure TRADE EXPANSION: Expansion in international trade, facilitated by better communication in the region. E-LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES: With fast, increased and affordable bandwidth many institutions are implementing e-learning programmes enabling their courses to be accessed by Kenyans from wherever they are. This promotes wider access to education. The Kenyans also have an opportunity to create content and sell it to others globally, thus reducing unemployment. cont VPN -For corporate customers like financial institutions with branches in different locations COURTS TELEPRESENCE -Reduced travel cost, saves office time -High courts Mombasa and Nairobi online CALL CENTRES - Client based Voice and web based services delivered through call/contact centres e.g. Disaster response Cont Mobile applications –MPESA, MBANKING, MHEALTH, Integrated Service Delivery initiative by MOIC, eGOVT and office of the Prime Minister CHALLENGES FACED COMPETITION FROM SERVICE PROVIDERS: The infrastructure faces the risk of competition in the pricing of its products and services from other providers using different medium like satellites. While such competition has the potential of adversely affecting the operations of the infrastructure, this could also lead to efficiency and hence improved and affordable services for the consumers. ICT AWARENESS: Though the infrastructure is already in place and connected, there is still limited country wide ICT awareness that hinders cultural and attitudinal change which is required for ICT use to spread. This hinders optimum utilization of opportunities offered by the same e.g TEAMS. ENERGY: The high cost and availability of energy in the country has hindered access to Internet and utilization of infrastructure. For Kenya to fully utilize the benefits that come with use of fibre optic cable, there is need to address other sectors such as energy/electricity. CABLE INTERFERENCES: The cable is susceptible to interferences in the sea by fishing trawlers, anchors and even shark bites leading to cut off communication with the rest of the world and business losses. ROADS CONSTRUCTION: Cable cut due to expansion of roads KEY LESSONS LEARNT BANDWIDTH COSTS: The cost of bandwidth and internet connections took long to reduce and is still not to the expected level after the landing of the cable. This is because the private partners in the project who were majorly Internet Service Providers interested in profit making argue that they still retained the satellite connectivity as redundancy measure incase of breakdown with TEAMS. The Partners also feel they have not fully recovered their capital costs, hence continue charging relatively high prices. Whereas the government motives were to reduce costs immediately to benefit the citizens. CONTENT: Whereas the telecommunication sector may optimally utilise the cable investments through voice and data, the video content etc has not been exploited. Though the cable is able to do a lot more, it’s underutilised due to insufficient digital content. It is hoped that the proposed switch from analogue to digital broadcasting will result in more video content being uploaded. ICT POLICIES: To fully exploit the affordable internet and opportunities that arise, there should be adequate ICT policies in place to facilitate the utilization of the infrastructure. The ICT policies in Kenya need to be revised and diversified to adequately address the utilisation of the opportunities arising. GOK INTERVENTIONS National Infrastructure sharing policy – draft in place, developed by operators, service providers, key ministries e.i. Roads, Transport, Local government Presidential directive to MOIC to ensure lower internet costs led to discussions with operators who have since lowered prices Public Key Infrastructure Framework in progress Ministry of energy initiatives –UMEME pamoja THE DREAM –KONZA ICT TECHNOPOLIS KONZA ICT TECHNOPOLIS