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Course Science 7 Lesson Objective Semester A Unit 2 Lesson 7 Students will understand the use of telescopes, satellites, and infrared imaging in the study of the universe. CLIP A (Introduction) Visual <image> Audio Many of the objects in our universe are very far away from us. Special instruments are required to study them since traveling close enough would take a very long time. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hu bble_ultra_deep_field_high_rez.jpg <image> Astronomers have lots of different instruments that they can use to make observations of objects in the Universe. One of those instruments is a telescope. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PS M_V58_D020_Photographic_refracting_tel escope_at_potsdam.png <image> http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Go to_telescope.jpg <image> There are a lot of different types of telescopes. Two types are optical telescopes and radio telescopes. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KS C_radio_telescope.jpg <image> Optical telescopes are ones that we can look through and see objects. These are probably the kinds of telescopes you think of when you hear the word telescope. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PS M_V60_D306_The_forty_inch_telescope_ of_the_yerkes_observatory.png <image> http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ha Radio telescopes are used to pick up radio signals coming from distant objects. These can be used to amplify signals that our ears can’t actually hear. ystack_Radio_Telescope__Haystack_Observatory__DSC04026.JPG We also use satellites to make observations of other planets. We send satellites out to orbit the objects we want to study. They take pictures and other readings. <image> http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GP S-IIRM.jpg <image> In addition, scientists use infrared imaging. Infrared is a type of light that we cannot see with our eyes. Scientists can collect this type of light with special instruments to detect objects in space. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Infr ared_Structure_of_Comet_Holmes.jpg Question A Stem: What is a telescope? Answer Choices: A. An instrument used to see objects that are very small, like cells B. An instrument used to see (or listen to) objects that are very far away C. An instrument used to make calls to people who are far away D. A type of planet in our solar system Correct Response (B) (Video progresses to clip B) Incorrect Response (A, C, D) (Video progresses to clip E) CLIP B (DOK1) Visual <image> Audio Telescopes are very important in making observations of objects that are too far away to see with the naked eye. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Giff ordObservatory-telescope.jpg <image> Telescopes can help us to see objects in the Universe that are very far away with great clarity. They give us some amazing pictures. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phi lcUK-1274438506.jpg <image> You may have heard of the Hubble Telescope which orbits Earth. It is able to get very clear pictures because it does not need to look through our atmosphere. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hu bble_Space_Telescope_over_Earth_%28 during_the_STS-109_mission%29.jpg <image> http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ju piter_and_moons.jpg Telescopes are great for looking at distant galaxies, stars and other objects. Satellites can gather even more information about objects in our solar system. Question B Stem: What types of objects cannot be viewed by a telescope? Answer Choices: A. Stars B. Galaxies C. Microbes D. Planets Correct Response (C) (Video progresses to clip C) Incorrect Response (A, B, D) (Video progresses to clip F) CLIP C (Increased DOK2) Visual Audio <image> Satellites are excellent for studying planets in our solar system. They can orbit planets and get excellent pictures and other information. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OC O_satellite.jpg <image> The data that satellites send back is very valuable to astronomers because they are unable to travel to those planets themselves at this point. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Da nilova_crater_on_Venus.jpg <image> While telescopes give us a pretty good view of a planet that is far away, a satellite is much better because it can get close to the planet. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Qu adruple_Saturn_moon_transit_%28captur ed_by_the_Hubble_Space_Telescope%2 9.jpg <image> Satellites also help us to explore Earth and give us a lot of data to help us get around. Anything that uses GPS is using data collected from satellites. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ca r_navigator_in_action.JPG Question C Stem: What is a satellite? Answer Choices: A. Something that orbits a body in space B. Something that lands on a planet C. Something that flies past planets D. Something that goes into deep space Correct Response (A) (Video progresses to clip D) Incorrect Response (B, C, D) (Video progresses to clip G) CLIP D (Increased DOK3) Visual <image> Audio Not all of the objects in the Universe can be seen by the naked eye or by telescopes and satellites. For these, astronomers use infrared imaging. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Infr ared_Image_of_the_Trifid_Nebula.jpg <image> Infrared light is not visible by the naked eye so you couldn’t see it through a telescope. There are billions of objects in space that we can’t see with our eyes. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ori on_Nebula,_X_ray_and_Infrared.jpg These objects emit infrared radiation which can be detected with infrared telescopes. This is an infrared image of the Sombrero galaxy. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:So mbrero_Galaxy_in_infrared_light_(Hubble _Space_Telescope_and_Spitzer_Space_ Telescope).jpg <image> With the use of infrared, astronomers can see objects they would never have found otherwise and this gives them a better understanding of how the Universe works and why things behave the way they do. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eta _carinae_IR.jpg Question D Stem: What is infrared light? Answer Choices: A. A type of red light B. A type of light you can’t see with your naked eye C. A type of blue light D. A type of light only scientists can see Correct Response (B) (Video progresses to Success Alert) Incorrect Response (A, C, D) (Video progresses to clip H) CLIP E (Remedial 1) Visual <image> Audio There are many different instruments out there that help us see what we can’t see with just our naked eye. A microscope helps us see things that are very small. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Op tical_stereo_microscope_nikon_smz10.jpg <image> A telescope helps us see things that are far away. They can be miles away or even light years away, like when we look at objects in the Universe. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ja mes_Lick_36_inch_refractor.JPG <image> When you look up into the sky, you are not able to see everything that is there, but with the help of a telescope you can see more. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gal axy_history_revealed_by_the_Hubble_Sp ace_Telescope_%28GOODSERS2%29.jpg <image> The more powerful the telescope is, the more you are going to see, and in greater detail. This can help you to better understand what the Universe is made of. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hu bble_Space_Telescope_over_Earth_%28 during_the_STS-109_mission%29.jpg Question E Stem: Why do we use telescopes? Answer Choices: A. To see things that are very big or very small B. To see objects that are far away C. To see objects that are too bright to look at with our eyes D. To see inside the human body Correct Response (B) (Video progresses to clip B) Incorrect Response (A, C, D) (Video progresses to clip F) CLIP F (Remedial 2) Visual <image> Audio Remember that telescopes will show us objects that are far away. They make objects easier to see, and show us more detail about them. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ful l_moon.jpeg <image> They are used to look at stars, galaxies, planets, and other objects that are far away in our Universe. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pol ycyclic_Aromatic_Hydrocarbons_In_Spac e.jpg <image> They would not be used to look at microbes or smaller objects in our bodies. For that, you would need to use a microscope. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lei ca_petrographic_microscope.jpg <image> You would never want to look at a very bright object with a telescope because it could hurt your eyes. Never look directly at the Sun with a telescope. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Th e_Sun_with_Prominence.jpg Question F Stem: What objects would you look at with a telescope? Answer Choices: A. Very bright objects, like the Sun B. Very small objects, like microbes C. Very far away objects like galaxies D. Very soft objects, like pillows Correct Response (C) (Video progresses to clip C) Incorrect Response (A, B, D) (Video progresses to Intervention Alert, bringing students back to clip B) CLIP G (Remedial 3) Visual <image> Audio Telescopes are used to see objects that are far away while we stay on Earth. But if we want to look at far away objects even more up close, we can use a satellite. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ear th_Radiation_Budget_Satellite.jpg <image> The satellite can travel to a planet and orbit the planet. While it is orbiting it can take pictures and collect more data. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tir ari_Desert_-_NASA_-_satellite_2006.jpg <image> The pictures that we get from satellites can be even clearer than the images we see through the telescopes. They are helpful at collecting extra data for us. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MR O_01.jpg Question G Stem: What do satellites and telescopes have in common? Answer Choices: A. They can show us what objects faraway look like B. They both orbit distant planets C. They both go to places we can’t go D. All of these Correct Response (A) (Video progresses to clip D) Incorrect Response (B, C, D) (Video progresses to clip F) CLIP H (Remedial 4) Visual <remove White text and Y-axis from image> <image> Audio Infrared light is light that you can’t see with your naked eye, but it is being emitted by distant objects all the time. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sol ar_AM0_spectrum_with_visible_spectrum _background_%28en%29.png <image> So along with telescopes and satellites, infrared images give us a look at objects we can’t see with our naked eyes. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Infr ared_Background_Light_from_First_Stars. jpg <image> http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:30 _Largest_Infrared_Galaxies.jpg Infrared imaging is used primarily for objects that are very far away and it can be used to detect the amount of heat that is being given off by those objects. <image> It is with a combination of these three technologies (as well as many others) that astronomers can study distant objects in our Universe. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hel ix_Nebula_in_Infrared.jpg Question H Stem: Which tool can be used to study distant objects? Answer Choices: A. Telescopes only B. Telescopes and satellites C. Telescopes, satellites and infrared images D. Infrared images only Correct Response (C) (Video progresses to Success Alert) Incorrect Response (A, B, D) (Video progresses to clip G)