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EEE 338
POWER ELECTRONICS
INTRODUCTION TO POWER
ELECTRONICS
Dr. Shahab Ahmad Niazi
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POWER ELECTRONICS
1. Mohan, Ned, Tore Undeland, and William
Robbins. Power Electronics: Converters, Applications,
and Design. 2nd ed.
2. Rashid, Muhammad H. Power Electronics and Electric
Power. 2nd ed.
3. Kassakian, John G., Martin F. Schlecht, and George C.
Verghese. Principles of Power Electronics.
EEE338-Syllabus
Introduction of Power Electronics, Solid State Devices for Power
Electronics, Power Diodes, Power BJTs, Power MOSFETs, IGBT,
SCR’s, GTO, & TRIAC and DIAC, SCR Firing & Commutation
Techniques, Thyristors Characteristics, Construction, Operations &
Applications, Thyristors Commutation, Half Wave and Full Wave
Rectifiers, Un-controlled & Controlled Rectifiers. 3 Phase, 6-Pulse, 12Pulse and 24 Pulse Rectifiers, AC Voltage Controllers, DC to AC
Converters, Single Phase DC to AC Converters, Invertors, Half Bridge
& Full Bridge Invertors, 3 Phase, 6-pulse & 12 Pulse Inverters, DC to
DC Converters, Design & Analysis of Regulated Power Supplies, Switch
Mode Power Supplies, Uninterrupted Power Supplies.
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Course Description
Examines the application of electronics to energy conversion
and control. Topics covered include:
 Modelling, analysis, and control techniques; design of
power circuits including inverters, rectifiers, and DC-DC
converters; and characteristics of power semiconductor
devices.
 Numerous application examples will be presented such as
motion control systems, power supplies, and radiofrequency power amplifiers.
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Relation with multiple disciplines
Circuit Ct
theory
Electric
machines
Systems&
Control theory
Control
Simulation &
computing
theory Power
electronics
electr
Power
systems
Signal
processing
oni
cs
Electromagnetics
electr
electronics
Solid state
physics
Power electronics is currently the most active discipline in electric power
engineering.
The interdisciplinary nature
Power
Electronics
Devices,circuits
学
Static & rotating
power equipment
Power
Electronics
学
Continuous,
discrete
连Control
续、离
散
Power electronics is the interface between electronics and power.
POWER ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY
 As the technology for the power semiconductor devices and integrated
circuit develops, the potential for applications of power electronics become
wider.
 The power semiconductor devices or power electronic converter fall
generally into four categories :
AC to DC Converter (Controlled Rectifier)
DC to DC Converter (DC Chopper)
AC to AC Converter (AC voltage regulator)
DC to AC Converter (Inverter)
 The design of power electronics converter circuits requires design the
power and control circuits. The voltage and current harmonics that are
generated by the power converters can be reduced or minimized with a proper
choice of the control strategy.
Power Electronics Application
 Power Electronics defined as the application of solidstate (devices) electronics for the control and
conversion of electric power.
 Power electronics have already found an important
place in modern technology and are now used in a
great variety of high-power product, including heat
controls, light controls, electric motor control, power
supplies, vehicle propulsion system and high voltage
direct current (HVDC) systems.
POWER ELECTRONIC SWITCHING
DEVICES
1.Uncontrolled turn on and off (Power Diode)
2.Controlled turn on uncontrolled turn off (Thyristors)
3.Controlled turn on and off characteristic (Power Transistor, BJT,
MOSFET, GTO, IGBT)
4.Continuous gate signal requirement (BJT, MOSFET, IGBT)
5.Pulse gate requirement (SCR(Silicon-Controlled Rectifier) , GTO)
6.Bidirectional current capability (TRIAC)
7.Undirectionalcurrent capability (SCR, GTO, BJT, MOSFET,
IGBT)
The history
Applicat ion of
fast- switching
Invention of
fully- controlled
Thyristor
semiconductor
GTO
devices
Mercury arc rectifier
GTR
Vacuum- tube rectifier
Power diode
Power MOSFET
Thyratron
Thyristor
Thyristor
(microprocessor)
1900
Pre-history
1957
late 1980s
mid 1970s
1st phase
IGBT
Power MOSFET
Thyristor
(DSP)
2nd phase
3rd phase
Diagram Block of Converters
Power electronic system
Generic structure of a power electronic system
Power
input
Feedforward
( measurements
of input signals )
Power
Converter
Control input
Controller
Power
output
Feedback
(measurements
of output signals )
Reference
Control is invariably required. Power converter along with its
controller including the corresponding measurement and interface
circuits, is also called power electronic system.
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Importance
Increasing applications of Power Electronic Equipment in Power Systems
 Availability of high power
Control Center
semiconductor devices
Central Power
 Decentralized renewable
Solar Power Plants
Station
energy generation sources
 CHP House
 Increased power transfer
Wind Power Plants
Combined Heat and Power
with existing transmission
 Village
Plant (CHP)
 Commercial
Factory
system
Building
Commercial Building
House
 Effective control of power
Apartment Building
flow needed in a
Micro-Turbine
 Hospital
Fuel Cell
deregulated environment
 Commercial
 Smart House
 Norms for Power quality
Building
 Performance
Building
Future Power System
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Listing of Power Electronic
Applications
 Distributed generation (DG)
 Renewable resources (wind and photovoltaic)
 Fuel cells and micro-turbines
 Storage: batteries, super-conducting magnetic energy storage,
flywheels
 Power electronics loads: Adjustable speed drives
 Power quality solutions
 Dual feeders
 Uninterruptible power supplies
 Dynamic voltage restorers
 Transmission and distribution (T&D)
 High voltage dc (HVDC) and medium voltage dc
 Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS): Shunt and Series
compensation, and the unified power flow controller
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Role of Power Electronics in
Important Utility Applications
Power Electronic Loads: Adjustable Speed Drives
Switch-mode
Converter
Utility
Motor
Rectifier
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Controller
Role of Power Electronics in
Important Utility Applications
• Transmission and Distribution: Flexible AC Transmission Systems
(FACTS)
P
E1 E2
sin 
X
Series Compensation
E2
E3
E1
E1
I
Shunt
converter
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Shunt and Series Compensation
E3
-
E2
+
Series
converter
Applications
 Industrial applications

Motor drives

Electrolysis

Electroplating

Induction heating

Welding

Arc furnaces and ovens

Lighting
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Hybrid Cars
• hybrid cars, in which the primary electrical system is dominated by
power electronics. Electric cars offer high performance, zero tailpipe
emissions, and low costs, but are still limited in range by the need
for batteries.
• Hybrid car designs use various strategies to combine both an engine
and electrical elements to gain advantages of each.
• Inverters and DC-DC converters rated for many kilowatts serve as
primary energy control blocks.
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Transportation applications

Trains & locomotives

Subways

Trolley buses

Magnetic levitation

Electric vehicles

Automotive electronics

Ship power systems

Aircraft power systems
Applications in space technology



Spaceship power systems
Satellite power systems
Space vehicle power systems
Trends
It is estimated that in developed countries now 60% of the electric
energy goes through some kind of power electronics converters before it
is finally used. Power electronics has been making major contributions
to:
 Better performance of power supplies and better control of electric
equipment
 Energy saving
 Environment protection
Heat Removal Mechanism
Fin-type Heat Sink
SCR (stud-type) on aircooled kits
SCR (hokey-puck-type) on
power pakkits
Assembly of power converters
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Ratings of Power Devices
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Summary
 Power electronics uses low power electronics
(ICs), control, and switching power devices for
power converter and/or processing from one form
to another.
 The characteristics of the power devices play a
major role in the speed and effectiveness of the
power conversion.
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