* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download POWER ELECTRONICS AND ITS CHALLENGES
Survey
Document related concepts
Voltage optimisation wikipedia , lookup
Power factor wikipedia , lookup
Variable-frequency drive wikipedia , lookup
Power inverter wikipedia , lookup
Buck converter wikipedia , lookup
Electronic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Standby power wikipedia , lookup
Wireless power transfer wikipedia , lookup
Audio power wikipedia , lookup
Power over Ethernet wikipedia , lookup
Mains electricity wikipedia , lookup
Distribution management system wikipedia , lookup
Electrification wikipedia , lookup
Alternating current wikipedia , lookup
History of electric power transmission wikipedia , lookup
Electric power system wikipedia , lookup
Switched-mode power supply wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
EEE 338 POWER ELECTRONICS INTRODUCTION TO POWER ELECTRONICS Dr. Shahab Ahmad Niazi 4/29/2017 1 POWER ELECTRONICS 1. Mohan, Ned, Tore Undeland, and William Robbins. Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design. 2nd ed. 2. Rashid, Muhammad H. Power Electronics and Electric Power. 2nd ed. 3. Kassakian, John G., Martin F. Schlecht, and George C. Verghese. Principles of Power Electronics. EEE338-Syllabus Introduction of Power Electronics, Solid State Devices for Power Electronics, Power Diodes, Power BJTs, Power MOSFETs, IGBT, SCR’s, GTO, & TRIAC and DIAC, SCR Firing & Commutation Techniques, Thyristors Characteristics, Construction, Operations & Applications, Thyristors Commutation, Half Wave and Full Wave Rectifiers, Un-controlled & Controlled Rectifiers. 3 Phase, 6-Pulse, 12Pulse and 24 Pulse Rectifiers, AC Voltage Controllers, DC to AC Converters, Single Phase DC to AC Converters, Invertors, Half Bridge & Full Bridge Invertors, 3 Phase, 6-pulse & 12 Pulse Inverters, DC to DC Converters, Design & Analysis of Regulated Power Supplies, Switch Mode Power Supplies, Uninterrupted Power Supplies. 4/29/2017 3 Course Description Examines the application of electronics to energy conversion and control. Topics covered include: Modelling, analysis, and control techniques; design of power circuits including inverters, rectifiers, and DC-DC converters; and characteristics of power semiconductor devices. Numerous application examples will be presented such as motion control systems, power supplies, and radiofrequency power amplifiers. 4/29/2017 4 Relation with multiple disciplines Circuit Ct theory Electric machines Systems& Control theory Control Simulation & computing theory Power electronics electr Power systems Signal processing oni cs Electromagnetics electr electronics Solid state physics Power electronics is currently the most active discipline in electric power engineering. The interdisciplinary nature Power Electronics Devices,circuits 学 Static & rotating power equipment Power Electronics 学 Continuous, discrete 连Control 续、离 散 Power electronics is the interface between electronics and power. POWER ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY As the technology for the power semiconductor devices and integrated circuit develops, the potential for applications of power electronics become wider. The power semiconductor devices or power electronic converter fall generally into four categories : AC to DC Converter (Controlled Rectifier) DC to DC Converter (DC Chopper) AC to AC Converter (AC voltage regulator) DC to AC Converter (Inverter) The design of power electronics converter circuits requires design the power and control circuits. The voltage and current harmonics that are generated by the power converters can be reduced or minimized with a proper choice of the control strategy. Power Electronics Application Power Electronics defined as the application of solidstate (devices) electronics for the control and conversion of electric power. Power electronics have already found an important place in modern technology and are now used in a great variety of high-power product, including heat controls, light controls, electric motor control, power supplies, vehicle propulsion system and high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. POWER ELECTRONIC SWITCHING DEVICES 1.Uncontrolled turn on and off (Power Diode) 2.Controlled turn on uncontrolled turn off (Thyristors) 3.Controlled turn on and off characteristic (Power Transistor, BJT, MOSFET, GTO, IGBT) 4.Continuous gate signal requirement (BJT, MOSFET, IGBT) 5.Pulse gate requirement (SCR(Silicon-Controlled Rectifier) , GTO) 6.Bidirectional current capability (TRIAC) 7.Undirectionalcurrent capability (SCR, GTO, BJT, MOSFET, IGBT) The history Applicat ion of fast- switching Invention of fully- controlled Thyristor semiconductor GTO devices Mercury arc rectifier GTR Vacuum- tube rectifier Power diode Power MOSFET Thyratron Thyristor Thyristor (microprocessor) 1900 Pre-history 1957 late 1980s mid 1970s 1st phase IGBT Power MOSFET Thyristor (DSP) 2nd phase 3rd phase Diagram Block of Converters Power electronic system Generic structure of a power electronic system Power input Feedforward ( measurements of input signals ) Power Converter Control input Controller Power output Feedback (measurements of output signals ) Reference Control is invariably required. Power converter along with its controller including the corresponding measurement and interface circuits, is also called power electronic system. 13 14 4/29/2017 15 15 Importance Increasing applications of Power Electronic Equipment in Power Systems Availability of high power Control Center semiconductor devices Central Power Decentralized renewable Solar Power Plants Station energy generation sources CHP House Increased power transfer Wind Power Plants Combined Heat and Power with existing transmission Village Plant (CHP) Commercial Factory system Building Commercial Building House Effective control of power Apartment Building flow needed in a Micro-Turbine Hospital Fuel Cell deregulated environment Commercial Smart House Norms for Power quality Building Performance Building Future Power System 16 Listing of Power Electronic Applications Distributed generation (DG) Renewable resources (wind and photovoltaic) Fuel cells and micro-turbines Storage: batteries, super-conducting magnetic energy storage, flywheels Power electronics loads: Adjustable speed drives Power quality solutions Dual feeders Uninterruptible power supplies Dynamic voltage restorers Transmission and distribution (T&D) High voltage dc (HVDC) and medium voltage dc Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS): Shunt and Series compensation, and the unified power flow controller 17 Role of Power Electronics in Important Utility Applications Power Electronic Loads: Adjustable Speed Drives Switch-mode Converter Utility Motor Rectifier 18 Controller Role of Power Electronics in Important Utility Applications • Transmission and Distribution: Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) P E1 E2 sin X Series Compensation E2 E3 E1 E1 I Shunt converter 19 Shunt and Series Compensation E3 - E2 + Series converter Applications Industrial applications Motor drives Electrolysis Electroplating Induction heating Welding Arc furnaces and ovens Lighting 21 22 23 Hybrid Cars • hybrid cars, in which the primary electrical system is dominated by power electronics. Electric cars offer high performance, zero tailpipe emissions, and low costs, but are still limited in range by the need for batteries. • Hybrid car designs use various strategies to combine both an engine and electrical elements to gain advantages of each. • Inverters and DC-DC converters rated for many kilowatts serve as primary energy control blocks. 24 Transportation applications Trains & locomotives Subways Trolley buses Magnetic levitation Electric vehicles Automotive electronics Ship power systems Aircraft power systems Applications in space technology Spaceship power systems Satellite power systems Space vehicle power systems Trends It is estimated that in developed countries now 60% of the electric energy goes through some kind of power electronics converters before it is finally used. Power electronics has been making major contributions to: Better performance of power supplies and better control of electric equipment Energy saving Environment protection Heat Removal Mechanism Fin-type Heat Sink SCR (stud-type) on aircooled kits SCR (hokey-puck-type) on power pakkits Assembly of power converters 28 Ratings of Power Devices 4/29/2017 29 Summary Power electronics uses low power electronics (ICs), control, and switching power devices for power converter and/or processing from one form to another. The characteristics of the power devices play a major role in the speed and effectiveness of the power conversion. 4/29/2017 30