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Welcome to Michigan History Unit One PBL! World War II History Begins on Page 91 Welcome to Michigan History Unit Two PBL! Michigan History Welcome to Michigan History Unit Three PBL! Michigan History Algonquin Family of languages shared by all members of the North American woodland Indians, including most tribes indigenous to Michigan. S3 Michigan History Welcome to Michigan History Taste of Michigan, ENJOY! S3 Michigan History Arsenal of Democracy Detroit…The Factories and industrial capacity that helped win WWII Assembly line An arrangement of machines, tools, and workers in which a product is assembled by having each perform a specific, successive operation on an incomplete unit as it passes by in a series of stages organized in a direct line. S3 Michigan History Baseline A basic standard or level; guideline: to establish a baseline for future studies or measure. 8 Mile Road! S3 Michigan History blue-collar Pertaining to wage-earning workers often wearing “work clothes,” uniforms or other specialized equipment on the job. i.e. mechanics, factory workers. construction, tradesmen, longshoremen, police and fire. S3 Michigan History white-collar Belonging or pertaining to the ranks of office and professional workers whose jobs generally are salaried positions and do not involve manual labor; often require wearing a neck tie, suit jacket or dress. S3 Michigan History boom-and-bust Characteristic of a period of economic prosperity and growth followed by a period of recession. S3 Michigan History Canadian Parliament Canada’s Legislative Branch located in Ottawa. Since 1867, the Canadian Confederation (Canada) has been a constitutional monarchy. So who is the official head of state? S3 Michigan History Cholera Also called Asiatic Cholera. An acute, water-born infectious disease, endemic in India and China and occasionally epidemic elsewhere. Characterized by profuse diarrhea, vomiting, cramps, etc. S3 Michigan History Clan A group of people of common descent: people living as a society, or tribe… especially as united by some common trait, characteristics and culture. S3 Michigan History Copper Country Counties of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula where copper mining was once a primary economic activity. S3 Michigan History County Seat The city or location of the seat of government of a county. S3 Michigan History Detroit 1. French word translates…at the narrows. 2. A river in SE Michigan, flowing S from Lake St. Clair to Lake Erie, forming part of the boundary between the U.S. and Canada. about 32 miles (52 km) long. 3. The U.S. center of U.S. automobile industry, Michigan’s largest city. S3 Michigan History Chief Pontiac During the French and Indian War, Ottawa Chief Pontiac led a force of warriors during an attack on the British at Fort Detroit. This became known as….“Pontiac’s Rebellion”. S3 Michigan History Ethnic Enclave An concentrated area of people sharing a common or distinctive culture, religion, language, or ethnicity. Michigan has many ethnic enclaves…i.e. Hamtramck, Dearborn, Holland, Frankenmuth, The Keweenaw S3 Michigan History Fermi II Michigan’s largest nuclear power plant located on Lake Erie near Monroe. Mi. S3 Michigan History Fishery’s 1. a place where fish are bred; fish hatchery. Also called a hatchery 2. a place where fish or shellfish are commercially caught. S3 Michigan History French and Indian War The war in America in which France and its Indian allies opposed England 1754–60: ended by Treaty of Paris in 1763, eliminated New France, created British North America. aka: the Seven Year War S3 Michigan History Ghost Town 1. a town permanently abandoned by its inhabitants, as because of a business decline or because a nearby mine has been worked out. S3 Michigan History Great Lakes Five lakes between the U.S. and Canada, comprising Lakes Erie, Huron, Michigan, Ontario, and Superior; connected with the Atlantic by the St. Lawrence River. Containing 1/5 (20%) of the world fresh water.` S3 Michigan History I-75 Major north-south interstate highway in Michigan. Beginning in Sault Ste Marie, traversing the state to the Ohio border in Monroe County. S3 Michigan History I-94 Major east-west interstate highway in Michigan beginning in Port Huron, traversing the state to the Indiana border in St Joseph County. S3 Michigan History Industrialization The large-scale introduction of manufacturing, advanced technical enterprises, particularly of an area that was previously underdeveloped economically. S3 Michigan History Iron Ore A metal ore from which iron is extracted and steel is smelted. S3 Michigan History Isle Royale An island in Lake Superior: a part of Michigan; Michigan’s only national park. 208 sq. mi. (540 sq. km). S3 Michigan History Lower Peninsula The southern 2/3 of Michigan, south of the Straits of Mackinac. aka the Mitten, 97% of the states people live here.` S3 Michigan History Labor Movement The effort of organized labor and its supporters to bring about improved conditions for the worker, as through collective bargaining. S3 Michigan History Land Ordinance of 1787 Ordinance of 1787, adopted by the Congress of Confederation for the government of the Western territories ceded to the United States by the British. It created the Northwest Territory. S3 Michigan History Land Survey Legal description and determination of property or boundaries for the establishment of borders and property lines. S3 Michigan History Longhouse A communal dwelling, especially of the Iroquois and Huron peoples, consisting of a wooden, bark-covered framework often as much as 100 feet (30.5 meters) in length. S3 Michigan History “Loonie” Canadian dollar coin. S3 Michigan History Lower Canada Former name of Quebec province 1791– 1841. S3 Michigan History Lumberjack Any general person who works at lumbering or in the logging industry. S3 Michigan History Michilimackinac Fort Michilimackinac was an 18th century French, and later British, fort and trading post in the Great Lakes of North America. Built around 1715 S3 Michigan History Militia A body of citizens enrolled for military service, and called out periodically for drill but serving full time only in emergencies. S3 Michigan History Missionaries A person sent by a church into an area to carry on evangelism or other activities, such as education or hospital work. S3 Michigan History` Northwest Ordinance The act of Congress in 1787 providing for the government of the Northwest Territory and setting forth the steps by which its subdivisions might become states. S3 Michigan History Ojibwa A member of a large tribe of North American Indians found in Canada and the U.S., principally in the region around Lakes Huron and Superior but extending as far west as Saskatchewan and North Dakota. S3 Michigan History Ontario Province in Canada, bordering on the Great Lakes. Sharing Four border crossings with Michigan. (International Bridge, DetroitWindsor Tunnel, Ambassador Bridge and the Blue Water Bridge) S3 Michigan History Ottawa Capital of Canada, population 305,000. Or a member of a tribe of Algonquian Indians of Canada, and Great Lakes region S3 Michigan History Peninsula an area of land almost completely surrounded by water except for an isthmus connecting it with the mainland. S3 Michigan History Pioneers A person who is among those who first enter or settle a region, thus opening it for occupation and development by others. S3 Michigan History Portage The carrying of boats, goods, etc., overland from one navigable water to another, or the route over which this is done. S3 Michigan History Prehistoric of or pertaining to the time or a period prior to recorded history: The Mastodon or Mammoth is a prehistoric beast… S3 Michigan History Principle Meridian These North-South lines were established to govern the United States Public Land Surveys and are displayed on various state maps and topographic maps published by the United States Geological Survey. S3 Michigan History WARNING… During instruction all electronics must now be put away, PLEASE! Noncompliance will result in your phone being placed in “THE BOX” Cell Phone Warning! Prime Minister The principal minister is the head of state in a parliamentary system; chief of the cabinet or ministry: the Canadian prime minister.` Justin Trudeau S3 Michigan History Sault Locks Sault Locks, canals bypassing the rapids on the St. Mary's River between Lake Superior and Lake Huron, at the cities of Sault Ste Marie, Michigan and Ontario S3 Michigan History Section (in most of the U.S. west of Ohio) one of the 36 numbered subdivisions, each one square mile (2.59 sq. km or 640 acres), of a township. S3 Michigan History Squatter A person who settles on land or occupies property without title, right, or payment of rent. A person who settles on land under government regulation, in order to acquire title. S3 Michigan History St. Lawrence Seaway a series of channels, locks, and canals between Montreal and the mouth of Lake Ontario, a distance of 182 miles (293 km), enabling most deep-draft vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean, up the St. Lawrence River, to all the Great Lakes ports: developed jointly by the U.S. and Canada. S3 Michigan History Statehood The status or condition of being a state, especially a state of the U.S. 2. Michigan obtains statehood in 1837 becoming the 26th state. 1. S3 Michigan History Strip Mining Mining in an open pit after removal of the overburden. Used in the mining of iron ore in the upper Midwest. S3 Michigan History The Auto Industry Automobile industry, the business of producing and selling self-powered vehicles, including passenger cars, trucks, farm equipment, and other commercial vehicles. S3 Michigan History The Big Three Detroit based automobile manufacturer’s; Ford Motor Company (Dearborn) General Motor’s (Detroit) and Chrysler Corporation (Auburn Hills…Owned by Fiat Motors, Italy) S3 Michigan History The Erie Canal Erie Canal, artificial waterway, c.363 miles long; connecting New York City with the Great Lakes via the Hudson River. S3 Michigan History The Fur Trade Beginning in the 1600s, voyageurs would launch their canoes from Quebec to transport trade goods thousands of miles into First Nations lands, trading those goods for furs valued in the east and Europe. S3 Michigan History The Griffon The first shipwreck was Le Griffon, the first ship to sail the Great Lakes. Caught in a storm while trading furs between Green Bay and Michilimacinac; the ship sank on Lake Michigan. The Griffon, built by French explorer Robert La Salle, was last spotted in September 1679 off the tip of the Door Peninsula. S3 Michigan History The Keweenaw is a county and a peninsula in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. a.k.a. Copper Country S3 Michigan History The Michigan Territory was an organized territory of the United States in the early 19th century, between June 30, 1805 and January 26, 1837, at which point it became Michigan, the 26th state of the Union. Detroit was the territorial capital. S3 Michigan History The Revolutionary War The American victory against Great Britain resulting in American Independence and the establishment of the United States of America. S3 Michigan History The Sault The region located around Sault St Marie, Michigan and Sault St Marie, Ontario. S3 Michigan History The Straits Area Region in both the Upper and Lower Peninsula’s of Michigan borders the Straits of Mackinaw. S3 Michigan History The Sunrise Side Lake Huron region of Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. Regional Tourist Slogan... Come to the Sunrise Side! S3 Michigan History The Thumb Region north of I-69 and east of I-75. Known for its rural setting, many Farms and small towns. S3 Michigan History The Timber Industry Commercial harvesting of both soft and hardwood trees for the production lumber, paper production, etc. S3 Michigan History The Toledo Strip Michigan Territory claimed the "Toledo Strip," an area along its border with Ohio near the Maumee River. Ohio, which was already a state, also claimed the land. Although Michigan and Ohio both sent militia units to the area between 1835 and 1837- The Toledo Border War S3 Michigan History Tourism The business or industry of providing information, accommodations, transportation, and other services to tourists, especially for commercial purposes. S3 Michigan History Township Range System Accuracy of map location can be enhanced for any area surveyed under the township and range system of the Bureau of Land Management. The organization of the township-section system is based on the definition of base lines and principle meridians S3 Michigan History War of 1812 A war between Britain and the United States, fought between 1812 and 1815. The War of 1812 has also been called the second American war for independence. S3 Michigan History “Up North” Destination for weekend travelers in Michigan. Traveling to any location in Michigan in the Northern third of the Lower Peninsula. S3 Michigan History Township A unit of local government, usually a subdivision of a county, found in most midwest and western states. a region or district approximately 6 miles square (93.2 sq. km), containing 36 sections. S3 Michigan History Trading Post a store established in an unsettled or thinly settled region by a traders or trading company to obtain furs and local products in exchange for supplies, clothing, other goods, or for cash. S3 Michigan History Tri-County Area Wayne, Oakland and Macomb Counties in SE Michigan. 50% of state Population can Found in three Counties. S3 Michigan History U.P. The Upper Peninsula of Michigan accounting for nearly one-third of the land area but only 3% of the population. S3 Michigan History Underground Railroad U.S. History, before the abolition of slavery a system used for helping fugitive slaves to escape into Canada or other places of safety through Michigan and New York. S3 Michigan History Unions an organization of wage earners or salaried employees for mutual aid and protection and for dealing collectively with employers; trade union. S3 Michigan History Upper Canada a former British province in Canada 1791– 1840: now the southern part of Ontario S3 Michigan History Urban Blight Condition resulting in run-down areas of a city. Parts of Detroit that have become outdated as buildings age and were abandoned as population decreased. S3 Michigan History White Flight The exodus of white Detroiters to the Suburbs institutionalizing racial divisions in SE Michigan that have only hardened since the 1967 Riots in Detroit. S3 Michigan History Unit 12 Driving Question: Understanding the rapidly changing Post-Cold War world we live in today; how has technology and its application to everyday life fundamentally changed our world….what next? Unit 12 Project Based Learning The ‘67’ Riots Latent racial tensions exploded into rioting in July 1967, killing 43 people and sending thousands of white Detroiters to the suburbs (white flight). S3 Michigan History Welland Canal International shipping canal connecting the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean move ships between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario bypassing Niagara Falls. S3 Michigan History Welcome to Michigan History Unit Four PBL What has the automobile industry meant to Michigan’s past, and present and what does the future hold? Michigan History: PBL Welcome to World History and Geography WHG Unit One PBL Project It’s All Greek to Me or When in Rome and a Billion Chinese Can’t be Wrong…Mediterranean and Chinese Influence on the Modern World Driving Question: How can our knowledge of the contributions of the classic Greco-Roman and Chinese civilizations give us a greater understanding of our modern world? Presentation Day WHG Unit One PBL WORLD WAR II HISTORY S3 Terms Starter Vocabulary The Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaty at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 Nations on June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. A Flawed and Failed Document. World War II History “The Stab in The Back” The German General Staff also would support the false idea that their Army had not been defeated on the battlefield, but could have fought on to victory, except for being betrayed at home, the infamous 'Stab in the Back' theory. World War II History The Night of the Long Knives The Night of the Long Knives not only removed the SA leaders but also got Hitler the army's oath that he so needed. By the summer of 1934, the SA's numbers had swollen to 2 million men. They were under the control of Ernst Röhm, a loyal follower of Hitler since the early days of the Nazi Party. World War II History The Twenty Year Truce Marshall Ferdinand Foch felt that the Treaty of Versailles gave Germany far too much opportunity to rearm. He famously stated: “This is not peace. This is an armistice for twenty years.” Twenty years indeed…. (1919-1939)! World War II History Blitzkrieg (Lighting War) a new tactics required the concentration of offensive weapons (such as tanks, planes, and artillery) along a narrow front. These forces would drive a breach in enemy defenses, permitting armored tank divisions to penetrate rapidly and roam freely behind enemy lines, causing shock and disorganization among the enemy defenses. World War II History The Fall of France The German plan of attack, codenamed Case Yellow, entailed an armored offensive through the Ardennes Forest, May 1940 which bypassed the strong French frontier defenses of the Maginot Line a (Blitzkrieg) France surrenders June 5, 1940 World War II History The Battle of Britain After the Fall of France, 1940 the British Royal Air Force fought a desperate battle vs. the Germany Air Force (Luftwaffe) for control of the British Isles to prevent a Nazi invasion of England. World War II History Invasion of Poland September 1, 1939 German forces invaded Poland using blitzkrieg tactics for the first time…World War II had begun. World War II History Operation Barbarossa (German: Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the code name for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II, which began on 22 June 1941. World War II History` European Theatre of World War II Also known as the European War, was a huge area of heavy fighting across Europe, from Germany and the Soviet Union and Scandinavia to Italy. World War II History The Battle of Stalingrad (July 17, 1942–February 2, 1943), successful Soviet defense of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) Russians consider it to be the greatest battles of their Great Patriotic War; it stopped the German advance into the Soviet Union and marked the turning of the tide of war in favor of the Allies. World War II History Hermann Göering Nazi Party high official he was a German politician, military leader, and leading member of the Nazi Party. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ace and head of the German Luftwaffe. Convicted, sentenced to death as a War Criminal at The Nuremberg Trial. Would escape the hang man’s noose by committing suicide the night before his execution. World War II History Nuremberg Laws Laws which institutionalized many of the racial theories prevalent in Nazi ideology. The laws excluded German Jews from Reich citizenship and prohibited them from marrying or having sexual relations with persons of "German or related blood." World War II History Wannsee Conference On January 20, 1942, 15 high-ranking Nazi Party and German government officials gathered at a villa in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee to discuss and coordinate the implementation of what they called the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question." World War II History Maginot Line This French line of defense was constructed in the 1930s and named after Minister of War André Maginot. The main fortifications on the northeast frontier included 22 large underground fortresses and 36 smaller ones. Despite its strength and elaborate design, it was unable to prevent an invasion in May 1940. World War II History Dunkirk An important battle that took place in Dunkirk, France, at the end of the Battle of France it was the defense and evacuation of British and allied forces across the English Channel from 26th May to the 4th June 1940. World War II History Munich Pact In the spring of 1938, Hitler began openly to support the demands of Germanspeakers living in the Sudeten region of Czechoslovakia for closer ties with Germany This agreement averted the outbreak of war but gave Czechoslovakia away to German conquest. World War II History Policy of Appeasement Appeasement, the policy of making concessions to the dictatorial powers in order to avoid conflict, governed Anglo-French foreign policy during the 1930s. It became indelibly associated with Conservative Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. World War II History Benito Mussolini (il Duce) Was an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party, ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 until his ousting in 1943. World War II History Neville Chamberlain Neville Chamberlain was the British prime minister as Great Britain entered World War II. World War II History Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) As World War II loomed after 1938, with the Japanese invasion of China and the aggression of Nazi Germany, Roosevelt gave strong diplomatic and financial support to China and the United Kingdom, while remaining officially neutral. His goal was to make America the "Arsenal of Democracy", which would supply munitions to the Allies. In March 1941, Roosevelt, with Congressional approval, provided Lend-Lease aid to Britain and China. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 World War II History Winston Churchill As prime minister, Sir Winston Churchill rallied the British people during WWII, and led his country from the brink of defeat to victory. World War II History Josef Stalin Joseph Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953. Holding the post of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, he was effectively the dictator of the state. World War II History Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945 World War II History Francisco Franco led a successful military rebellion to overthrow the Spanish democratic republic in the Spanish Civil War (1936—1939), subsequently establishing his lasting dictatorship. ... He soon led an uprising against the sitting administration and took control of Spain World War II History Josef Goebbels Paul Joseph Goebbels was a German politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. Promoted Nazi ideologies related to race, politics and religious bigotry.` World War II History Georgy Zhukov Was a career officer in the Red Army of the Soviet Union who led the campaign in World War II that saved Moscow, liberated much of Eastern Europe from occupation by Axis Powers and that ultimately conquered Berlin. World War II History Erwin Rommel popularly known as the Desert Fox, was a German General field Marshall of World War II. He earned the respect of both his own troops and his enemies World War II History Vyacheslav Molotov Was a Soviet politician and diplomat, an old Bolshevik from the Revolution, and a leading figure in the Soviet government from the 1920s on. He rose to power as a protégé of Joseph Stalin. World War II History The Ardennes Forest Ardennes is a region in southeast Belgium that extends into Luxembourg, Germany and France. Once the scene of fierce battles in both World Wars, its rugged terrain encompasses rolling valleys, meandering rivers, extensive caves and dense forests crisscrossing the region. World War II History Battle of Leningrad The Siege of Leningrad, also known as the Leningrad Blockade was a 900 day military blockade undertaken mainly by the German Army Group North. 1/3 of the cities residents (800,000) people starved to death. World War II History Mein Kampf ("My Struggle") is an autobiography by the National Socialist leader Adolf Hitler, in which he outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany. World War II History Luftwaffe German term for air force, founded in 1935 Led by Hermann Goering, it became the largest and most powerful in Europe by the start of World War II. Noted for it innovations and advanced airplanes. World War II History Beer Hall Putsch also known as the Munich Putsch or the Hitler putsch, in Germany; was a failed coup attempt by the Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler, 1923 World War II History V-1 and V-2 The Vengeance weapons – the V1 and V2 – were used towards the end of World War II with such an effect that the attacks on London became known as the second Blitz. The success of D-Day had speeded up the production of the V weapons and the first V1 was launched on June 13th, just one week after the Allied landings at Normandy. World War II History Ultra and the Enigma Machine Much of the German cipher traffic was encrypted on the Enigma machine. Used properly, the German military Enigma would have been virtually unbreakable; in practice, shortcomings in operation allowed it to be broken. The term "Ultra" has often been used almost synonymously with "Enigma decrypts“… but Ultra was the code breaking branch of English Intelligence World War II History T-34, Panzer, Tiger, and M-4 Sherman Main battle tanks of WWII, Innovations in armor, main gun and tactics will change modern warfare World War II History Lebensraum The main reason for the Nazi expansion into its neighboring western countries was built upon the principle of lebensraum. Even though it translates literally to mean only “living space,” lebensraum carried with it the desire for the Nazis to expand into other countries to provide living space for the growing German race. World War II History Super-Marine Spitfire, Hawker Hurricane, Messerchmitt ME-109 Three fighter plane two RAF, one Luftwaffe that decided the Battle of Britain. World War II History Radar and Sonar War winning new technologies employed by the Allies against Axis forces during WWII World War II History RAF The Royal Air Force…a defining period of the RAF's existence came during the Battle of Britain. Over the summer of 1940 the RAF held off the Luftwaffe in perhaps the most prolonged and complicated air campaign in history. "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few". World War II History Strategic Bombing is a military strategy used in a total war with the goal of defeating the enemy by destroying their morale or their economic ability to produce and transport goods. It is a systematically organized and executed attack from the air which can utilize strategic bombers, including the B-17 Flying Fortress, B-24 Liberator. B-29 Super Fortress and Avro Lancaster World War II History Pearl Harbor Just before 8 a.m. on December 7, 1941, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor near Honolulu, Hawaii. The attack lasted just two hours, but it was devastating: The Japanese destroy 20 American naval vessels, including eight battleships, and more than 300 airplanes. More than 2,000 Americans soldiers and sailors died in the attack, and another 1,000 were wounded. World War II History Battleship Row was the grouping of eight U.S. battleships in port at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, when the Japanese attacked on 7 December 1941. These ships bore the brunt of the Japanese assault. They were moored next to Ford Island when the attack commenced. The ships were Arizona, California, Maryland, Nevada, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West Virginia World War II History Isoroku Yamamoto Yamamoto a Harvard educated Admiral of Imperial Japanese Navy, he undertook many of its reorganizations and modernizations, especially its development of naval aviation. He was the commander-in-chief during the decisive early years of the Pacific War and so was responsible for major battles such as Pearl Harbor and the attack on Midway. World War II History Hideki Tojo Hideki Tojo was a general of the Imperial Japanese Army, the leader of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association, and the 40th Prime Minister of Japan during much of World War II. After the end of the war, Tojo was arrested, sentenced to death for Imperial Japanese war crimes by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, and hanged on December 23, 1948. World War II History Fortress Europe (German: Festung Europa) was a military propaganda term used by both sides of the Second World War which referred to the areas of Continental Europe occupied by Nazi Germany… Made success on D-Day questionable, making it “The Longest Day! Douglas MacArthur Douglas MacArthur was an American five-star general and Field Marshal of the Philippine Army. He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and was supreme allied commander in the Pacific theater during World War II. World War II History The Battle of Midway Six months after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States defeated Japan in one of the most decisive naval battles of World War II. Thanks in part to major advances in code breaking, the United States was able to preempt and counter Japan’s planned ambush of its few remaining aircraft carriers, inflicting permanent damage on the Japanese Navy. An important turning point in the Pacific campaign, the victory allowed the United States and its allies to move into an offensive position World War II History The Battle of the Coral Sea fought during 4–8 May 1942, was the first major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II between the Imperial Japanese Navy and naval and air forces from the United States and Australia. World War II History U-Boats and the Battle of the Atlantic The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest battle of World War II. It began immediately upon the British declaration of war against Germany in September 1939 and ended with Germany's surrender to the Allies in May 1945. World War II History Schutzstaffel (SS) Founded in 1925, German for “Protective Echelon,” initially served as Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler’s (1889-1945) personal bodyguards, and later became one of the most powerful and feared organizations in all of Nazi Germany headed by Vice-Fuhrer Heinrich Himmler. World War II History Einsatzgruppen (German for "task forces", "deployment groups "were Schutzstaffel (SS) paramilitary death squads of Nazi Germany that were responsible for mass killings, primarily by shooting civilian Jewish populations.` World War II History The Rhineland Nazi leader Adolf Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Pact by sending German military forces into the Rhineland, a demilitarized zone along the Rhine River in western Germany. World War II History Sudetenland The word Sudetenland only came into existence in the early 20th century, and only came to prominence after the First World War, when the German-dominated Austria-Hungary was dismembered and the Sudeten Germans found themselves living in the new country of Czechoslovakia. World War II History Convoy System The Allies adopted a convoy system, initially voluntary and later compulsory for almost all merchant ships, to cross the Atlantic. Each convoy consisted of between 30 and 70 mostly unarmed merchant ships protected by a small fleet of Corvettes and Destroyers against U-Boat attacks. World War II History Afrika Korps German expeditionary force in Africa during the North African Campaign. First sent as a holding force to shore up the Italian defense of their African colonies, took control of all Axis forces in North Africa. World War II History Bernard Montgomery (Monty) British Field Marshall, the hero of El Alamein and North Africa, was one of the most inspirational military commanders of World War II. Montgomery was also the senior British military commander at D-Day and retained that position within the west European sphere of the war until the war ended. World War II History Soft Underbelly of Europe And strength in North Africa allowed the Prime Minister to suggest that victory in Europe might come not from crossing the Channel, but from attacking Italy. It was, said Churchill, Europe's “soft underbelly”. World War II History Dwight Eisenhower (Ike) was the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe World War II History George Patton was a senior officer of the United States Army, who commanded the U.S. Seventh Army in the Mediterranean and European Theaters of World War II, but is best known for his leadership style and aggressiveness. World War II History The Battle of El Alamein The Battle of El Alamein marked the “turning point” of the North African campaign between the British Empire, supported by U.S. forces and the German-Italian armies. World War II History Karl Dönitz was a German admiral who played a major role in the Naval history of World War II’s Battle of the Atlantic. Dönitz, pioneered the use of U-Boat and “wolf-packs”. He will be named dah Fuhrer in Hitler’s Will. World War II History Reinhardt Heydrich was a high-ranking German Nazi official during World War II, and one of the main architects of the “Final Solution”. He was SS-Obergruppenführer and General der Polizei as well as chief of the Reich Main Security Office. World War II History Good Luck Seniors, remember the definition of Commencement: A beginning or start…its not the end! World War II History The Third Reich third regime or empire, the Nazi designation of Germany and its regime from 1933-45. Historically, the First Reich was the medieval Holy Roman Empire, which lasted until 1806. The Second Reich included the Unified Germany under the Kaisers from 1871-1918. World War II History Operation Overlord (D-Day) was the code-name given to the Allied invasion of France scheduled for June 1944. The overall commander of Operation Overlord was General Dwight Eisenhower. World War II History The Battle of the Bulge In December 1944, Adolph Hitler attempted to split the Allied armies in northwest Europe by means of a surprise blitzkrieg thrust through the Ardennes to Antwerp. Caught off-guard, American units fought desperate battles to stem the German advance World War II History The Holocaust The mass murder of Jews under the German Nazi regime during the period 1941–45. More than 6 million European Jews, as well as members of other persecuted groups, such as gypsies and homosexuals, were murdered at concentration camps such as Auschwitz. World War II History Hiroshima and Nagasaki On August 6, 1945, Hiroshima was almost completely destroyed by the first atomic bomb ever dropped on a populated area. Followed by the bombing of Nagasaki, on August 9, this show of Allied strength hastened the surrender of Japan in World War II. World War II History Utah, Omaha, Gold, Sword, Juno The target 50-mile (80 km) stretch of the Normandy coast was divided into five sectors: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword Beach World War II History Eva Braun The mistress and wife (for less than 48) hours of Adolf Hitler; she committed suicide with the Nazi leader in dah Fuhrer bunker, under the Reichstag. Braun (born February 6, 1912; died April 30, 1945) World War II History Dachau: First Concentration Camp On March 22, 1933, a few weeks after Adolf Hitler had been appointed Reich Chancellor, (Dachau) the first concentration camp for political prisoners was set up just outside of Munich Germany. World War II History Extermination Camps Six centers were established in occupied Poland with special apparatus especially designed for mass murder. Giant death machine…Six such death camps existed: Auschwitz-Birkenau, Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek, Sobibor, and Treblinka. World War II History Yalta Conference The Yalta Conference, held in the U.S.S.R. from February 4 to 11, 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union, represented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Premier Josef Stalin. At this conference finals plan were made to divide and occupy Germany after victory. World War II History Mitsubishi Zero The Mitsubishi A6M "Zero" is a long-range fighter aircraft, manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, and operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1940 to 1945 World War II History North American P-51 Mustang P-51 Mustang is an American long-range, single-seat fighter and fighter-bomber used during World War II, the Korean War and other conflicts World War II History Battle of Okinawa Also known as Operation Iceberg, took place in April-June 1945. It was the largest amphibious landing in the Pacific theater of World War II. It also resulted in the largest casualties with over 100,000 Japanese casualties and 50,000 casualties for the Allies World War II History Manhattan Project (Fat Man and Little Boy) The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first nuclear weapons during World War II. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada World War II History Harry Truman Harry S. Truman was born in Missouri on May 8, 1884. He was Franklin Roosevelt‘s vice president for just 82 days before Roosevelt died and Truman became the 33rd president. In his first months in office he dropped the atomic bomb on Japan, ending World War II. World War II History Kamikaze a member of a Japanese air attack corps in World War II assigned to make a suicidal crash on a target, usually a U.S. Naval ship; the airplanes normally contained explosives. World War II History Nuremburg Trials Held for the purpose of bringing Nazi war criminals to justice, the Nuremberg trials were a series of 13 trials carried out in Nuremberg, Germany, between 1945 and 1949. The defendants, who included Nazi Party officials and highranking military officers along with German industrialists, lawyers and doctors, were indicted on such charges as crimes against peace and crimes against humanity. World War II History Unconditional Surrender An unconditional surrender is a surrender in which no guarantees are given to the surrendering party. In modern times, unconditional surrenders most often include guarantees provided by international law. World War II History Chiang Kai-Shek and Mao Tse Tung Chinese military and political leaders Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Tse Tung joined forces during WWII to fight their common enemy the Japanese. After the war, these leaders would lead the Nationalist Chinese and Communists Chinese in a Civil War. Mao and the communists will win and KaiShek will flee to Formosa (Taiwan) est. two China’s. World War II History The Cold War A constant nonviolent state of hostility between the Soviet Union and the United States. The Cold War began shortly after World War II, with the rapid extension of Soviet influence over eastern Europe and North Korea. World War II History Zones of Occupation They were occupied by the allied powers who defeated Germany (the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States) and by France. This was done for administrative purposes during the period 1945-1949. World War II History The Yalta Conference The Yalta Conference took place in a Russian resort town in the Crimea from February 4–11, 1945, during World War Two. At Yalta, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin made important decisions regarding the future progress of the war and the postwar world. World War II History East and West Germany The German reunification (German: Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic (GDR/East Germany) joined the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG/West Germany) to form the reunited nation of Germany World War II History The Superpowers A superpower is a state that cannot be ignored on the world stage and without whose cooperation no world problem can be solved. During the Cold War, for instance, the United States could not intervene in world affairs without taking into account the position of the U.S.S.R., and vice versa World War II History