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2/6/2014 The Anatomical Position • Standing erect • Face and palms directed forward • Upper limbs hang at sides • ALL relational descriptions are based on this position Other Positions • Supine • Lying face upward • Prone • Lying face down 1 2/6/2014 Planes of the body • Median • Divides body into equal right and left halves • Sagittal • Separate right and left parts • Frontal • Divides anterior and posterior parts • Horizontal/ Transverse • Divides superior and inferior Directional Terms • Superior • A structure above another • The chin is superior to the navel. • Inferior • A structure below another • The navel is inferior to the chin. 2 2/6/2014 Directional Terms • Anterior • Towards the front of the body • The navel is anterior to the spine. • Posterior • Towards the back of the body • The spine is anterior to the navel. Directional Terms • Ventral • Toward the belly • The navel is ventral to the spine. • Dorsal • Toward the back • The spine is dorsal to the navel. 3 2/6/2014 Directional Terms • Lateral • Away from the midline • The shoulder is lateral to the sternum. • Medial • Toward the midline • The eye is medial to the ear. Directional Terms • Proximal • Closer to the point of attachment than another part • The elbow is proximal to the wrist. • Distal • Farther from the point of attachment than another part • The wrist is distal to the elbow. 4 2/6/2014 Directional Terms • Superficial • Toward or on the surface • The skin is superficial to muscle. • Deep • Away from the surface • The lungs are deep to the ribs. 5
