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Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Overview Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Lessons in Unit 1: – Types of Computers Summary Quiz – Internal Computer Components: CPUs, Memory, and Accessory Cards – System Software – Application Software – Management and Utility Software – From Applications to the Network Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Types of Computers Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz This lesson looks at classifications of computers found in networks and the primary purpose of each type. At the end of Lesson 1, you should be able to: – Identify the primary function of each class of computer – Understand where each type of computer is typically found in a network Key Point Computers are the endpoints of the networks. Computer types perform unique tasks based on their sizes. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Types of Computers Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Desktop Computers Desktop computers are sometimes divided into two broad categories: – Personal computers (PCs and Macs) – Workstations PCs usually run Microsoft Windows operating systems. They can also run Linux and UNIX. Macs run the Apple O/S. A workstation typically runs a version of the UNIX operating system. Workstations typically have more graphics capabilities and other high-end hardware. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Types of Computers Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Mid-Range Computers and Servers The term “mid-range” covers a wide range of computer systems that support more than one user. Mid-range computers include: – High-end Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) CPU-based servers (IBM AS/400) – Intel-based servers (Compaq, Dell, and Hewlett-Packard) – UNIX-based servers of all types Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Types of Computers Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Mid-Range Computers and Servers Mid-range and server systems are commonly used in small to medium organizations, such as departmental information processing. Typical applications include: – Finance and accounting (AS/400) – Database (Intel-based or UNIX-based) – Printer servers (Intel or UNIX-based) Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Types of Computers Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Mainframe Computers Mainframe computers (also referred to as super computers) and associated client/server products can manage large organization-wide networks. The unique and inherent capabilities of leading-edge mainframe systems include: – Constant availability – Rigorous backup, recovery, and security – Huge economies of scale – High bandwidth I/O facilities Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Types of Computers Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Others Laptops, palmtops or PDAs, and thin client terminals. Thin client terminals have staged a comeback. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Types of Computers Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Activities 1) Match the characteristics with the computer type; choose all that apply. Constant availability___ A. Desktop Single user ___ B. Mainframe Mobility___ C. PDAs D. Server High-end graphics___ Windows operating system___ F. PC UNIX___ Unit 1 Unit 2 E. Workstation Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Types of Computers Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Extended Activities 1) The class members will break into four focus groups to discuss computer types. Each group will champion a type of computer, research the applications where they are found, and make a short presentation to the other groups. The computer types are: a Desktop computers b Mid-range computers (including server-based systems) c Mainframe computers d Other computers (laptops and PDAs) Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Types of Computers Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Extended Activities 2) Go to various Web sites and evaluate computer products in each of the categories presented in this lesson. Start with the following: a Desktop computers (http://www.compaq.com, http://www.dell.com, http://www.gateway.com, and http://www.micron.com) b Mid-range computers (http://www.hp.com, http://www.ibm.com, and http://www.sun.com) c Mainframes (http://www.ibm.com, http://www.amdahl.com, and http://www.hitachi.com) Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Types of Computers Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Extended Activities d Other computers (http://www.3com.com, http://www.apple.com, http://www.hp.com, http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu, and http://www.oracle.com) 3) List other companies, as well as devices not covered in this lesson, such as specialized process-control computers. 4) Break into discussion groups and examine the various ways PCs have impacted how we interact at home, work, school, and leisure. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Internal Computer Components:CPUs, I/O, Memory, and Accessory Cards Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz This lesson reviews important aspects of clients and servers that attach to a network. At the end of Lesson 2, you should be able to demonstrate an understanding of: – The function of a CPU in a computer – The role memory plays in a computer and its impact in the operation of a computer – I/O of a computer – Types of storage found in computers Key Point All internal computer components have multiple options for speed and capacity. Unit 1 – NICs and how computers connect to a network Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Internal Computer Components:CPUs, I/O, Memory, and Accessory Cards Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Central Processing Unit (CPU) The microprocessor is the brain of any computer. The terms microprocessor and CPU are used interchangeably. There are two basic characteristics that differentiate microprocessors: – Data bus size is the number of bits that a CPU can send or receive in a single instruction. – Given in MHz, the clock speed determines how many instructions per second the processor can execute. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Internal Computer Components:CPUs, I/O, Memory, and Accessory Cards Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Central Processing Unit (CPU) A 64-bit microprocessor that runs at 450 MHz is more powerful than a 16-bit microprocessor that runs at 100 MHz. The vast majority of all desktop PCs incorporate a single Intel architecture processor (such as Pentium). AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) also manufactures compatible CPUs Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Internal Computer Components:CPUs, I/O, Memory, and Accessory Cards Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Input/Output A bus is a collection of wires that transmit data from one part of a computer to another. The term bus usually refers to an internal bus. An internal bus connects appropriate internal computer components to the CPU and main memory. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Internal Computer Components:CPUs, I/O, Memory, and Accessory Cards Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Input/Output The size of a bus, known as its width, determines how much data can be transmitted at one time A 16-bit bus can transmit 16 bits of data, or two bytes A 32-bit bus can transmit 32 bits of data, or four bytes A 64-bit bus can transmit 64 bits of data, or eight bytes Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Internal Computer Components:CPUs, I/O, Memory, and Accessory Cards Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Input/Output Every bus has a clock speed measured in MHz. PCs made today include a local bus for data The local bus is a high-speed pathway that connects directly to the processor. Bus 8-bit ISA 16-bit ISA EISA PCI 64-bit PCI Unit 1 Unit 2 Width (bits) 8 16 32 32 64 Unit 3 Speed (MHz) 8.33 8.33 8.33 33 66 Unit 4 Unit 5 Bandwidth (MB/sec) 8.3 16.6 33.3 132 528 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Internal Computer Components:CPUs, I/O, Memory, and Accessory Cards Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Memory The system’s internal, board-mounted storage area in the computer Virtual memory expands the amount of memory for an application beyond the actual physical. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Internal Computer Components:CPUs, I/O, Memory, and Accessory Cards Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Memory There are several different types of memory: – RAM – ROM – Programmable read-only memory (PROM) – Erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Internal Computer Components:CPUs, I/O, Memory, and Accessory Cards Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Network Interface Cards A NIC is the hardware component that provides connectivity to a network. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Internal Computer Components:CPUs, I/O, Memory, and Accessory Cards Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Network Interface Cards The NIC fits into an expansion slot on the motherboards I/O bus. Ethernet, FDDI, Fast Ethernet, ISDN, Token Ring, etc. LANs Computer Bus Supported MCA,ISA, EISA, PCI, NuBus, VME NIC Characteristics RAM Buffer Size 8 KB, 16 KB, 32 bit, etc. Bus Size 8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit, etc. Data Rate 10 Mbps, 4 Mbps, 16 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1Gbps Media Type Supported 10Base2, 10BaseT, UTP, STP, Optical/Fiber O/S Supported VINEs, NetWare, Appletalk, Windows NT, etc. Processor Capability 386, 486, Pentium, Pentium II, Pentium III, etc. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Internal Computer Components:CPUs, I/O, Memory, and Accessory Cards Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Activities 1) List three speeds at which a CPU might operate. 2) The function of a CPU is to store programs. TRUE / FALSE 3) The amount of RAM determines the speed at which a CPU executes instructions. TRUE / FALSE 4) List at least three types of memory. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Internal Computer Components:CPUs, I/O, Memory, and Accessory Cards Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Activities Choose the correct answer in items five through eight. 5) Which device is associated with short-term storage: hard disk or RAM? 6) What determines the size of a bus: length or width? 7) Which is faster: an ISA or a PCI bus? 8) Draw a rough sketch of a NIC connecting a PC to a network using an RJ-45 connector. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Internal Computer Components:CPUs, I/O, Memory, and Accessory Cards Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Extended Activities 1) Acquire the following components and use them for a “show and tell” session: motherboards, CPU chips, NICs, EISA-type cards, PCI-type cards, video cards, PCMCIA cards, memory (SIMM and DIMM chips), and anything else you might find interesting. 2) Go to a Web site (e.g., http://www.dell.com) and find prices for RAM. Pay particular attention to the various sizes offered, such as 8 MB, 16 MB, 32 MB, and 128 MB. Calculate the price per MB for the different sizes. Visit other Web sites for price comparisons. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Internal Computer Components:CPUs, I/O, Memory, and Accessory Cards Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Extended Activities 3) Use the Web to look up memory terms such as SIMM, DIMM, EDO, SDRAM, SGRAM. Can you think of any others? 4) Look up information on “plug-and-play” devices. Can any type of expansion card be used in a plug-and-play environment? 5) Go to a Web site such as http://www.webopedia.com and find information on the accelerated graphics port (AGP) interface. Discuss how this is being used. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – System Software Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Two primary types of system software are discussed in this lesson, operating systems and device drivers. Lesson 6 Summary Quiz At the end of Lesson 3, you should be able to demonstrate an understanding of: – What an operating system is used for in a computer – The basic functions of an operating system – The most common types of operating systems – What a device driver is used for in a computer Key Point System software manages the hardware and software interoperability within a computer. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – System Software Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Operating Systems Operating systems perform the most basic of computer tasks. The tasks of an operating system include: – Managing the operation of computer programs – Interpreting keyboard input – Displaying data to the computer screen – File I/O – Controlling peripheral devices, such as floppy disks, hard disks, and printers Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – System Software Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Operating Systems Operating systems can be classified as follows: – Multitasking – Multithreading – Multiuse – Multiprocessing Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – System Software Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Operating Systems Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Operating systems provide a software platform that can run other programs, called application programs. The application programs must be written to run on top of a particular operating system. Applications must be “ported” to run in a different operating system environment Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – System Software Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Operating Systems Microsoft has generally dominated the PC operating system market. Microsoft Windows was the initial GUI that ran on top of DOS. Windows for Workgroups 3.11 was Microsoft’s first peer-to-peer network operating system. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – System Software Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Operating Systems Windows 95 is a true operating system, not just a GUI as found in standard Windows. Windows 98 is another version of Microsoft Windows. Windows NT is Microsoft’s 32-bit operating system. Windows 2000 is another O/S product. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – System Software Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Operating Systems There are two Windows NT options: – Windows NT Workstation – Windows NT Server Windows 2000 has several products such as Windows 2000 Professional and Windows 2000 Server The mid-range software market is characterized by competition between UNIX. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – System Software Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Device Drivers A device driver is special-purpose software used to control specific hardware devices in a computer system. Device drivers for NICs control the operation of the NIC and provide an interface for the computer’s operating system. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – System Software Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Activities Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 1) _______________ enables running a program on multiple CPUs. 2) _______________ allows more than one program to run at a time. 3) A _______________ operating system allows many concurrent users. 4) List three tasks accomplished by operating systems. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – System Software Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Activities Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 5) List five operating systems that run on PCs or PC servers. 6) A _______________ _______________ is written for and controls hardware. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – System Software Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Extended Activities Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 1) Using a research tool, such as an Internet search engine, list how many different “flavors” of operating systems exist. 2) Classify the operating systems found in terms of: a Hardware platform (e.g., desktop) b Type of application environment normally found c Specialized operating systems (for handling graphics, etc.) Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – System Software Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Extended Activities Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 3) UNIX systems are sometimes classified as somewhat cryptic regarding their user interface. List what GUIs, such as Xwindows, are available for UNIX-type operating systems. 4) How would you go about getting the latest version of a device driver for a 3Com 3C905 NIC? Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Application Software Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Applications are computer programs that are used for productivity and automation of tasks. Networks are used to move application information from source to destination. At the end of Lesson 4, you should be able to demonstrate an understanding of: – Single-user applications – Network applications Key Point Application programs are used to accomplish a task or enhance productivity. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Application Software Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Types of Applications Single-user applications include: – Word processors – Desktop publishing – Graphics – Database – Spreadsheets – Web Browsers Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Application Software Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Types of Applications Network applications include: – Database access – Print services – E-mail – Fax services Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Application Software Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Activities Lesson 6 Summary Quiz For each function, choose the type of program and program name (from the next page). 1) Categorize information _______________ 2) Document processing _______________ 3) Document publishing _______________ 4) Manipulate numbers _______________ 5) Create artwork _______________ 6) Internet retrieval _______________ Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Application Software Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz Activities a b c d e f g h i j k Unit 1 Spreadsheet Adobe Illustrator Netscape Communicator Graphics Microsoft Access Database Word processor Adobe Framemaker Lotus Notes Microsoft Word Web browser Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Application Software Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Activities Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 7) List three network applications. 8) Contrast the functions/characteristics of an application program with an operating system. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Application Software Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Extended Activities Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 1) Using the Web, list the kind of applications available for LINUX. 2) Go to http://www.netcraft.com and list the usage rates for the various Web server software programs. 3) What are the major database products? Where are these typically being used (e.g., large organizations, small businesses)? Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Management and Utility Software Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz This lesson looks at another category of software, communication and management software. At the end of Lesson 5, you should be able to demonstrate an understanding of: – Different types of communication and management software – Usage of communication programs and processes – Basic functionality of network management software Key Point Not all computer programs are for individual user productivity. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Management and Utility Software Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 6 Management and Utility Software Summary Quiz Communication and management software Lesson 5 includes: – System Status Messaging Services – Network Communications – Network Security Utilities – Network Management Tools – Remote Access Services – Backup and Recovery Utilities Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Management and Utility Software Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 6 System Status Messaging Services Summary Quiz The network operating system (NOS) Lesson 5 typically provides software on the client workstation to open windows for status messages from remote servers. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Management and Utility Software Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 6 Network Communications Summary Quiz Clients access the network through the use Lesson 5 of communication protocols such as Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX), Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and Ethernet. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Management and Utility Software Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 6 Network Security Utilities Summary Quiz Network security utilities come in several Lesson 5 forms and can often prevent network failures and damage to an organization’s assets. Network security specialists classify these threats as follows: – Hackers – Bandits – Trojan horses – Viruses Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Management and Utility Software Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 6 Network Management Tools Summary Quiz Network management tools generally Lesson 5 consists of the following functions: – Network configuration – Troubleshooting – Event notification – Metrics and planning Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Management and Utility Software Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 6 Remote Access Services Summary Quiz The ability to work anywhere at any time is Lesson 5 creating an urgent need for more secure remote LAN access. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) which provide a secure “tunnel” through the Internet are increasing in popularity Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Management and Utility Software Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 6 Backup and Recovery Utilities Summary Quiz Backup and recovery procedures and Lesson 5 software are extremely important for organizations that rely on stored information. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Management and Utility Software Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Activities Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 1) List at least three utility programs you are familiar with or have heard of. 2) Describe the purpose of a virus protection program. 3) List five things you would like a network management program to provide. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Management and Utility Software Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Extended Activities Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 1) Using the Web, look up information on computer viruses. Start with http://www.nai.com. 2) How many known viruses are there? 3) On average, how many new viruses are found every month? Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – Management and Utility Software Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Extended Activities Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 4) Break into focus groups and research and present information on common network management software, such as HP OpenView, 3Com Transcend, Bay Networks Optivity, and Sun Microsystems Solstice. 5) Research firewall products and list the security issues they address. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – From Applications to the Network Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz This lesson looks at how application information makes its way from an application in a computer to the network. At the end of Lesson 6, you should understand: – How applications use the operating system – How application information is sent from one computer system to another Key Point Applications are closely tied to the underlying operating system. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – From Applications to the Network Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 6 Application-to-Application Communication Summary Quiz The following three items must be installed Lesson 5 on the local machine by the local operating system to provide for communication across a network: – NIC and NIC device driver – Client software – Communication software Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – From Applications to the Network Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Application-to-Application Communication Summary Quiz Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – From Applications to the Network Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Activities Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 1) Draw a diagram illustrating a small network (two nodes). Include thorough information on CPU type, memory, type of operating system, NIC, and application(s). Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – From Applications to the Network Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Extended Activities Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 1) Break into groups. One group will represent services offered by a multiuser operating system. The other groups will represent different applications, such as e-mail clients, Internet browsers, Web servers, and word processors. Each application group will list the various functions they perform. The operating system group will list the services they offer. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Introduction to Networking Introduction Lesson 1 Computers and Software in Networks – From Applications to the Network Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Extended Activities Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 2) The operating system group will further divide into two groups: a desktop operating system and a server operating system. List the appropriate functions of each group. 3) The various groups (applications) will make requests of the local operating system and the server operating system. 4) Discuss the flow of information at the desktop computer, and from the client to the server. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Summary Quiz Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Unit 1 Summary Quiz Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 1) List the four computer classifications in order of processing power typically associated with each type. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Summary Quiz Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 2) List four capabilities of a mainframe. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Summary Quiz Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 3) What are four common components of a computer system? Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Summary Quiz Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 4) What does I/O stand for? Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Summary Quiz Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 5) Which is an example of a processors clock speed? a. 400Mhz b. 64 bit Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Summary Quiz Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 6) What is the difference between RAM and ROM? Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Summary Quiz Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 7) Which of the following I/O bus types support NICs? a. MCA b. ISA c. EISA d. PCMCIA e. RAM Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Summary Quiz Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 8) List three different classifications for operating systems. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Summary Quiz Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 9) Which of the following are managed by the operating system? a. Keyboard input b. Screen display c. File I/O d. Peripheral control Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Summary Quiz Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 10) List at least two GUI-based operating systems. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Summary Quiz Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 11) What is the primary purpose of a device driver? Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Summary Quiz Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 12) List three types of devices that use drivers. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1 Introduction to Networking Lesson 2 Computers and Software in Networks – Summary Quiz Introduction Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary Quiz 13) Which of the following is communication/management software? a. Groupware b. Backup c. Remote access d. Virus protector e. Java Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8