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Goal, Positioning and Transformation Course
for Shanghai Metropolitan Area
Institute for Urban and Demographic Development, SASS
Jian Li
[email protected]
BRICS+CityLab，Moscow，8 Dec 2016
Location of Shanghai
Shanghai is situated at the alluvial plain of the Yangtze River Delta. Bordering on
Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces on the west.
Shanghai is washed by the East China Sea on the east and Hangzhou Bay on the south.
In the North of the city, the Yangtze River pours into the East China Sea.
Administrative division of Shanghai
Before 1949
In 1930s, Shanghai was the biggest city in Far East Area.
Chinese economy center. Both of it’s manufacturing production and
financial volume accounted for more than 30% of the whole country.
And the trade even accounted for 56%（Zhenming Ge, 2005）。
Before 1949
•With Ⅱ world war broke out, Shanghai has declined. But it still was one
of the most important cities in Far East.
•After the War, the headquarter of Economic Cooperation Center in Far
East was established in Shanghai. It proved Shanghai’s important role in
Far East Area.
1949-1990
•After PRC founded in1949, the economic policy and international environment
changed.
Central government:
•(1)All the agencies of financial services, trade services and business
services move to Beijing to strengthen the economic development
controlment.
•(2) New development policy: Taking agriculture as basic industry, taking
manufacturing as leading industry.
Shanghai government:
•“Changes from a consumption city to a production city”.
International environment:
•Cold War: closing the door to the world.
1949-1990
•From 1953 to 1958, Shanghai has built 8 suburban industrial parks, just
like Gaoqiao(Chemistry), Zhoujiadu(Steel), Qingning temple(shipbuilding),
Wujiaochang and Pengpu(Machine manufacturing), Taopu and
Beixinjing(Chemistry) , Caohejing(Instrument industry) 。
•These industrial parks are 2-3 kilometers away from urban center.
•From 1949 to 1958, the proportion of industrial structure has changed from
7.2∶47.1∶45.7 to 3.8∶67.6∶28.6.
•Shanghai changed its development track: From a commercial and
financial city to a manufacturing city.
1949-1990：biggest manufacturing city in
China
•Until to Pudong’s development and opening up in1990, Shanghai has
become the biggest manufacturing city in China, and provided one
eighth industrial output of the whole country.
GDP
stages
Primary industry Secondary industry Tertiary industry
RMB
RMB
RMB
average
averag
average RMB
average
（billion） （%） （billion） e（%） （billion） （%） （billion） （%）
Ⅱ 5s plan
56.90
1.6
2.10
1.3
41.27
4.1
13.53
－3.1
1963－1965
30.49
17.1
1.73
11.6
22.08
21.8
6.69
5.6
Ⅲ 5s plan
65.71
8.7
3.76
3.3
48.79
9.7
13.15
5.7
Ⅳ 5s plan
91.88
6.6
4.28
－1.6
70.88
7.1
16.72
6.2
Ⅴ 5s plan
130.96
8.4
4.93
0.9
100.42
8.5
25.61
8.6
Ⅵ 5s plan
187.14
9.1
7.42
4.3
135.00
8.2
44.71
12.3
Ⅶ 5s plan
313.76
5.7
13.09
1.2
208.23
8.0
92.44
8.0
1949-1990： serious problems
•After 1980s, as first provinces to promote the reform and opening-up policy,
Guangdong, Zhejiang have got a quick development.
•At this stage, Shanghai confronted many problems in urban development,
including economic growth, urban construction, Social security system and
so on.
The expansion of central city
connecting with industrial satellite
cities.
 Disorder of urban functional zone.
Traffic congestion.
Housing shortage.
Environmental pollution.
1990-2000: “four centers”
•In October 1992, Chinese Communist
Party's Fourteenth meeting put forward
that Shanghai should “take Pudong
development to lead further opening-up for
cities near the Yangtze River, make
Shanghai as one of the international
centers of economy, finance, and trade
ASAP, and lead regional development ”.
•In 1996, primer Li Peng inspect
Shanghai and proposed Shanghai
should also be the international shipping
center.
1990-2008: “four centers”
•Shanghai aimed at New York, London, Tokyo and other such global cities.
It meant that Shanghai should change itself from a manufacturing city to a
Productive service industry city.
•In December 1992, Shanghai municipal government proposed the
“321”strategy-prior to develop the tertiary industry.
•From 1992 to 2000, stock market, futures market, foreign exchange market,
real estate market, technology market and labor market were all built.
1986
2014
2016
The economic development from 1980s
Changes of the Sectors in GDP of Shanghai
GDP
Primary sector
RMB bill
RMB bill
Secondary Sector
Tertiary Sector
%
RMB bill
%
RMB bill
%
1980
31.19
1.00
3.2
23.6
75.7
6.6
21.1
1990
75.65
3.30
4.3
48.3
63.8
24.1
31.9
2000
455.10
8.30
1.8
216.4
47.6
230.4
50.6
2010
17 165.98
114.15
0.66
7218.32
42.05
9833.51
57.28
2012
20 181.72
127.80
0.63
7854.77
38.92
12199.15
60.45
2013
21 602.12
129.28
0.6
8027.77
37.16
13445.07
62.24
2014
23 560.94
124.26
0.53
8164.79
34.65
15271.89
64.8
The economic development from 1980s
Growth of FDI IN Shanghai. In 2014, the FDI reached $18.6 billion.
The economic development from 1980s
Contribution Ratio of FDI to the Economic Growth of Shanghai
Year
1991
1995
2000
2005
FDI Used(RMB bill.)
0.93
26.8
26.1
56.1
Total Investment(RMB
bill.)
25.8
160.2
187
354.3 5317.67
FDI/Total Investment(%)
3.6
16.9
14
15.8
Source: Shanghai Statistical Yearbook 2014.
2010
756.2
14.2
2013
2014
1090.7
1144.5
5647.79
6016.43
19.3
19.0
2000-2008: Unbalanced development
•But in this transformation process,
the regional development is
unbalanced.
•Some districts based on service
industry in the past including
Huangpu, Luwan, Changning, Jingan,
Xuhui made great achievements in
economic development.
•But some other districts Including
Yangpu, Putuo, Zhabei based on
manufacturing industry in the past
faced hard difficulties to transform.
After 2008: the new goal
•“ The Third
Industrial Revolution”/ ”Industrial
Revolution 4.0” inspired Shanghai.
•Innovation and creativity have been
popular in Shanghai in recent years.
•In February and May 2014, President
Jinping XI inspects Shanghai twice. He
put forward Shanghai should be a
“global innovation center for
sciences and technology” in the
future.
After 2008 : the new goal
•Also, in recent years, There are
some studies on ranking of
competitiveness for international
cities. Shanghai scored low in some
indicators about soft power
compared to cities in developed
countries, including culture,
environment, public service and so
on.
•Shanghai municipal government
put forward that Shanghai would be
a international cultural
megalopolis to promote urban
soft power.
Cultural and innovative parks
Cultural and innovative parks
1933 Old factory square
The biggest slaughter house
Innovation Districts
From Old city to Innovation and Intelligence Space
Zhangjiang High-tech Parks
THANKS
谢谢