Download Cells, Organs and Organisms

Cells, Organs
and Organisms
By Stella Angeli and Charles Maseela
Background taken from:
http://www.ehponline.org/members/2007/1037
3/fig1.jpg
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Specialized Tissues
Epithelial Tissue:–
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Squamous: Forms alveoli of respiratory membrane and endothelium of capillaries.
Picture taken from: http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/37/92937-034-1E4EA526.jpg
Columnar: Lines the small intestine. Has unicellular glands called goblet cells scattered throughout its
structure that secrete mucus.
Picture taken from: http://www.udel.edu/biology/Wags/histopage/colorpage/cep/cepcpe.GIF
Specialized Tissues 2
• Muscle Tissue:–
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Skeletal muscle: Affects skeletal movement such as locomotion and maintaining posture. Reacts to
conscious control.
Smooth muscle: Found in the walls of organs. Involuntary movement, not under conscious control.
Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary muscle, found only in the heart.
Picture taken from:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Muscles_anterior
_labeled.png
Picture taken from:
http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/740/76722.JPG
Specialized Tissues 3
– Nervous Tissue:–
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Unipolar neurones: sensory neurones that have only a single process or fibre which divides close to
the cell body into two main branches (axon and dendrite).
Bipolar neurones: Spindle shaped with a dendrite at one end and an axon at the other (e.g. lightsensitive retina of the eye).
Multipolar neurones: Motor neurones which have numerous cell processes (an axon and many
dendrites).
Picture taken from: 4ever-n-4whatever.blogspot.com
Organs
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Specialized tissue comes together to form structures called organs. Each
organ is specialized to carry out a specific task, e.g.:
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Epithelial tissue comes together to form the lining of the lungs and the endothelial lining of blood
vessels in the respiratory system as well as the lining in the intestines of the digestive system.
Muscle tissue comes together to form support for the skeleton and is the basis for movement in the
body (voluntary and involuntary).
Nervous tissue comes together to form the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and
has a fundamental role in the control of behaviour and bodily processes (voluntary and involuntary).
Background image taken from:
http://www.nuveforum.net/attach
ments/2411d1211571450t-i10-35organs-jpg
Picture taken from:
http://www.teachnet.ie/farmnet/images/Digest3.gif
Picture taken from: http://www.ashlandschools.org/morgan_cottle/body/nerve2.gif
Organisms
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Organ systems come together to form organisms with each organ system
performing a certain task, vital for the organism’s survival.
In humans the various organ systems come together, with each organ system
dependant on the others for the organism to survive:–
Digestive system: Absorption of nutrients and excretion of waste.
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Skeletal system: Support, lymphocyte production.
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Muscular system: Support and movement, production of heat.
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Nervous system: Integration, coordination and regulation through electrochemical signals.
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Endocrine system: Integration, coordination and regulation through hormones.
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Respiratory system: Elimination of CO2 and absorption of O2 .
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Circulatory system: The transporting of needed materials to the cells and the transporting of
wastes away from the cells.
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Reproductive system: Production of offspring.
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Integumentary system: Body covering.
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Lymphatic system: Regulate fluids and immunity.
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Urinary system: Excretion of nitrogenous waste, and maintain homeostasis of electrolytes.
Background image taken from:
http://universe-review.ca/I10-82-organs.jpg