Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
1. Please pick up your answer sheet and a marker from the back table. 2. Please get out your Ch. 10 Key Points. 3. In your notes, please complete the following…. Write a short paragraph answering this prompt. If you were king or queen of RRHS, how would you rule your kingdom? Are you strong enough to rule your kingdom yourself ? If not, which of your friends would you have help you rule? Which areas of the kingdom would you have them rule? You are all members of a Western European society living after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. After the Empire fell, there were various waves of attacks from Barbarians on the outside. Most feared of all were the invaders that sailed from Scandinavia in the North. These fierce warriors were known as Vikings or Danes. They stole everything they could carry off and destroyed what they could not. Because there was no central government to provide protection from these attackers people looked to powerful lords (nobles) and their bands of knights to provide protection. Homage: a feudal ceremony by which a man acknowledges himself the vassal of a lord As a result of this ceremony, what is the agreement made between king and noble? Vassal: a person in who received protection and land from a lord in return for loyalty and service 1. As a result of this ceremony, what is the agreement made between Vassals also homage oaths. noble andgave vassal? 2. Is a noble also a vassal? If yes, to whom? Serf: a person who belonged to a low social class and who lived and worked on land owned by another person I will be giving you 10 M&M’s. DO NOT EAT YOUR M&M’s! These represent the food produced on a manor this year. The serfs will be assigned to a manor. As I assign you, please take your place in your manor with your lord. You may not leave. You are tied to your land for the rest of your life – it is your destiny. Vassals/Knights: The peasants are paying for protection with their crops. Confiscate 6 M&M’s from each of your peasants. Vassals/Knights: give 5 of the M&M’s you collected to your noble as a sign of your fidelity. If you collected from 2 serfs- you give 10 M&M’s. Fidelity: loyalty. Nobles: give 3 M&M’s collected from each Vassal/Knight to the king or queen as a sign of your fidelity. If you collected from 2 vassals/knightsyou give 6 M&M’s. 1. Is this a fair system? Why or why not? 2. What need would the nobles and king have for all the food and material? 3. What choice did the peasants/serfs have? 4. Why did feudalism work? 476 Roman Empire falls in W. Europe 527 Justinian becomes Byzantine Emperor 537 Completion of the Hagia Sophia 570-632 Muhammad[ 622 Islam calendar year 1] 610-635 Koran is compiled 638 Arabs conquer Jerusalem 762-945 Abbasids take power move capital to Baghdad 800 Charlemagne crowned “Holy Roman Emperor” 860 Cyrillic Alphabet 1000 Chinese invent gunpowder 1066 William the Conqueror invades England (end of Anglo-Saxon England) 1099 Crusades begin – 1st– Crusaders take Jerusalem 1204 Crusaders take Constantinople 1215 King John signs Magna Carta 1348 Black Plague strikes Europe 1378-1417 Great Schism Expansion & Decline of the Roman Empire Under control of the Roman Empire Christian (Edict of Toleration; Emperor Theodosis I) 476- Roman Empire collapses in W. Europe • Germanic invasions • Political instability • Economic decline • Population declines High inflation rates Low agricultural outputs (yields) Population decline Weak political leaders Invasion, invasion, invasion Sometimes called the Dark Ages Influenced by Germanic traditions Tribal organization- allegiance to the king Warrior society Law Trials by Ordeal, Combat Wergild Maintains some institutions from the Roman Empire Christianity •Merging of Roman and Germanic Tribes •Many Romans maintained their positions of leadership under the Germanic kings •Some Germanic tribes became more Romanized in their traditions •Germanic society continues to be patriarchal •Women are valued •Dower •Bride price Missionaries dispatched to Germanic kings The Conversion of Clovis (two different accounts) http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/496clovis.asp Conversion of Kent and Northumbria http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/bede1.asp Activity- Create a comparison chart noting the similarities and differences in the stories of the conversion of the Franks, Kent and Northumbria. How are these stories similar to the conversion of Roman Emperor Constantine I? Write a thesis statement and provide supporting details in outline form. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/conv-const.asp Clovis belongs to the Merovingian dynasty converts all to Christianity Charles Martel (the Hammer) serves as Mayor of the Palace under the Merovingian kings defeats the Moors at Battle of Tours in 732 Pepin the Short overthrows the Merovingian kings starts the Carolingian dynasty granted title of Protector of Rome by Pope Unifies Europe missi dominici counties/Counts supports Christianity defends Pope Leo III slaughter of the Saxons promotes education * Forms the Holy Roman Empire Einhard: The Life of Charlemagne Charles was large and strong, and of lofty stature, though not disproportionately tall (his height is well known to have been seven times the length of his foot); the upper part of his head was round, his eyes very large and animated, nose a little long, hair fair, and face laughing and merry. Thus his appearance was always stately and dignified, whether he was standing or sitting; although his neck was thick and somewhat short, and his belly rather prominent; but the symmetry of the rest of his body concealed these defects. His gait was firm, his whole carriage manly, and his voice clear, but not so strong as his size led one to expect. His health was excellent, except during the four years preceding his death, when he was subject to frequent fevers; at the last he even limped a little with one foot. Even in those years he consulted rather his own inclinations than the advice of physicians, who were almost hateful to him, because they wanted him to give up roasts, to which he was accustomed, and to eat boiled meat instead. In accordance with the national custom, he took frequent exercise on horseback and in the chase, accomplishments in which scarcely any people in the world can equal the Franks. He enjoyed the exhalations from natural warm springs, and often practised swimming, in which he was such an adept that none could surpass him; and hence it was that he built his palace at Aixla-Chapelle, and lived there constantly during his latter years until his death. He used not only to invite his sons to his bath, but his nobles and friends, and now and then a troop of his retinue or body guard, so that a hundred or more persons sometimes bathed with him. Rollant ad mis l'olifan a sa buche, Empeint le ben, par grant vertut le sunet. Halt sunt li pui e la voiz est mult lunge, Granz .XXX. liwes l'oïrent il respundre. Karles l'oït e ses cumpaignes tutes. Ço dist li reis: "Bataille funt nostre hume!" Old French Roland has put the horn at his mouth, He places it solidly, with great force he blows it. The mountains are high and the sound carries very far, Thirty long miles away they heard it resonate. Charles heard it, and all his troops. The king spoke these words: "Our troops fight a battle!" Translation Charlemagne dies in 814. HRE begins to fall apart. Son Louis the Pious takes over. Issues with his coronation Ineffective ruler Divides kingdom between his 3 sons (Treaty of Verdun, 843) Charles the Bald Louis the German Lothair CHARLES MARTEL granted fiefs to warriors in exchange for military support FIEF/BENEFICE: Complete Estate **This system is complex, convoluted & confusing.** King Clergy Roman Patronage Roman society also involved a system of patronage. Members of the upper classes – the patroni – offered protection to freedmen or plebeians, who became their "cliens." Patronage might consist of money, food, or legal help. Traditionally, any freed slaves became the cliens of their former owner. ~http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/order.html The economic arrangement between the land owner (land lord) and their peasant laborers MANOR Population: majority were serfs (legally bound to the land, but not slaves) Paid rent with a large percentage of their goods or services to the landlord Compensated with protection castle, church, village (mill, blacksmith, bake house, etc.) and surrounding farmland Buildings based on Roman arch Architecture appears “heavy” Church interiors were dark http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31 &l=en&id_site=84&gallery=1&&maxrow s=56 Technological & Agricultural Development • Stirrups (military use by Arabs) • Mold Board (attached to a plow) • 3-field system Who were they? •Scandinavian •Farmers, seafarers, warriors, traders •Polytheistic https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=Lc225HP2psw Reasons for raids: Where did they settle? •Overpopulation •Wealth •Trade • British Isles •Normandy •Iceland •Vinland Spoken/written c. 5-12th centuries 12-15th centuries- Middle English 16th century- present- Modern English Key figures: William, Duke of Normandy Harold, Duke of Wessex Edward the Confessor, King of England Harold Hardrada Tostig Odo, Bishop of Bayeux The Battle: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLy1LskT6Y8 Outcomes: • End of Anglo-Saxon traditions •Introduction of feudalism •Blending of French and English languages (leads to development of modern English) •Doomsday book The Records: The Bayeux Tapestry Anglo-Saxon Chronicle