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DOCUMENTS WITH DATABASES INSIDE THEM David Karger MIT THE WEB PAGE AS A WYSIWYG END USER CUSTOMIZABLE DATABASE BACKED INFORMATION MANAGEMENT APPLICATION (UIST 2009) David Karger MIT SMALL DATA David Karger MIT Databases for Plain Folks Database community: Defined key primitives for data management Knows building apps over databases offers simplicity, power, and flexibility Plain Folks: Have data to manage Think databases are black magic Manage their data by editing documents Hide databases in plain sight inside documents plain folks can edit Conclusion People should be able to create or customize applications (data, visualization, interaction) for their own information management tasks The web has evolved a standard metaphor of AJAX-y “active documents” as interfaces to (web) databases People know how to edit documents So we can turn them into database engineers by helping them edit web documents like the ones they already use Conclusion DIDO is a Data Interactive DOcument A standalone html document that contains Some structured data in a database An AJAX-y WYSIWYG interface to view/edit the data A WYSIWYG “metaeditor” to edit the interface Persistence simply by saving the document A broad class of Create/Read/Update/Delete content management applications can be authored (not programmed) using DIDO Thank You http://bit.ly/didodido Google “dido exhibit” Customizable Applications Applications bring together the data, specialized views, and interactions necessary to perform tasks User wants to “stretch” the app to their task hide irrelevant data incorporate new kinds of data change how data is presented or manipulated Can’t, because apps are rigid Developer hard-wires “right” data model And “right” visualizations and interactions with data Migration to the Web Many applications are now web sites Amazon, Youtube, CNET, Epicurious, LinkedIn, Flickr Still just as rigid/uncustomizable as applications Common Architecture Database backed Entity-Relation Model Common interface paradigms Templates Sortable lists Faceted browsing, text search maps, timelines, thumbnails, tables Migration to the Web Migration to the Web Text search Faceted Browsing Sorting by Properties Templated Items Text search Faceted Browsing Sorting by Properties Templated Items Text search Faceted Browsing Sorting by Properties Templated Items Text search Sorting by Properties Faceted Browsing Templated Items Text search Faceted Browsing Sorting by Properties Templated Items Text search Faceted Browsing Sorting by Properties Templated Items Sorting by Properties Text search Faceted Browsing Templated Items Nothing New Tremendous similarity in many web sites Much more uniform than applications Helps users know what to expect Boring? Perhaps But it creates an opportunity to standardize/package Define authorable standard vocabulary of widgets EXHIBIT Exhibit HTML vocabulary extension (new tags) for making interactive pages “like these” ER data model (items + properties) Lenses (templates) for rendering individual items Views of an object collection: list, thumbnails, tabular, scatter plot, map, timeline Facets to filter the collection based on properties enumerated list, tag cloud, slider/numeric range Exhibit Javascript library interprets the new tags Exhibit Interaction Simple Architecture Each facet, view is independently tied to data Specify which properties should fill in which places in the template hold latitude/longitude for map hold start/end for timeline be sortable in the list be columns in the tabular view provide filtering values for a facet Then interact through the data Clicking value in facet filters data, which changes view Deployment Deployed 2007 Open source Javascript library http://simile-widgets.org/exhibit Browser independent Scales to ~ 1000 items, tens of properties >1500 exhibits on the web Hobbyists, scientists, newspapers, merchants Discussion Variety of exhibits (> 1500) suggests we’ve approximated “right” interaction vocabulary Each is just an HTML document (with new tags) All authored by editing data files and HTML source How do we make them WYSIWYG? DIDO Editing the Data Data objects are rendered through lenses Which “fill in the blanks” using object properties Changes to the rendered object can map back to changes in the underlying object No additional “editing form” required Change the rendered data, Change the underlying data Editing the Interface Views (of collection) and facets (for filtering) are elements on the page Add them like other elements---images, media Must tie to data model By specifying which properties are used in view/facet Like a chart in a spreadsheet---you specify columns Editing Lens Templates Templates say which properties go where Just HTML, so any WYSIWYG editor will do Adding template field spawns new data field Changing the template changes the schema Persistence It’s just a document Save it Publish it on your web site Email it Store it in a version control system Copy it to create a new, different app Not anchored to any particular app or web site Implementation Everything is in the one HTML file Data (serialized JSON) Display (HTML, with new tags for view/facet widgets) Javascript Exhibit framework to drive the data widgets jQuery TinyMCE HTML editor 2000 lines of new Javascript to wire everything together No server, no plugin, nothing to install/configure Changes to data or display change the file So saving the file saves the changes DISCUSSION Discussion: Document as Interface “Active Documents” (Xerox PARC) are a great UI Add elements that react to the user Document becomes a whole user interface But still intuitive (it’s just a document) And easy to build (extend document editor/viewer) They have taken over the web Every web page with Javascript is one They are the dominant interfaces to web content Discussion: Authoring Active Docs Current web active docs are manually scripted Web has converged on standard active doc widgets Sortable lists, maps, facets for browsing,… Should become part of HTML standard tags These can be inserted in document Just And wired to underlying data Just like an image or other media like a chart in a spreadsheet So users can WYSIWYG author these active docs It’s Just a Document No application to install or configure New, specialized display for each data set App as light “CSS” wrapper around the data Create new apps by cloning old no need to start from scratch or learn the rules Authoring by Copying Views, lenses in HTML file Copy it, change the data (Maybe change the presentation too) oops! Scientific Publication Document of the future Publish your paper with the data inside it Let the reader interact with that data They’ll better understand/believe your argument Easy Implementation Browser as comprehensive UI toolkit 2000 lines of JS Just wiring existing open source libraries together Dido = Exhibit + Tiddlywiki + TinyMCE Even I could do it A Cloud Computing Contrarian Popular model: Move all functionality to the cloud Deliver “thin client” web interface using Ajax We can support the same interface experience without the cloud Cloud Costs Requires connectivity Leaks your data Provider is attack target May not care about your data as much as you do Locks your data Trapped if provider shuts down Or changes terms of service Dido avoids all these costs Keep working on the plane Manage sensitive data that cannot be leaked Email to a friend, publish on a web site, version control Cloud Benefits Persistence/ubiquity Can persist the document (google docs) For Big Data Valid reason Even Dido does this for Google Maps But most data is small Don’t make cloud downsides ubiquitous just because sometimes necessary! Even if need cloud for data, UI approach still works One DAPI to rule them all Usually only need cloud for the data Define a single data access API E.g., SQL over http Build it into the browser Native javascript invocation Maybe even HTML tags Define HTML table using SQL query? Skip the labor of defining/learning a new API for each application Simplify client AND server side programming The DB community can lead Define the right primitives for data access/manipulation in web interfaces Push for a data access standard in HTML In-browser SQL currently bogged down in debates High-performance in-browser database implementation Push for one cloud-data API Generic database equivalent of Apache HTTPD? Ease of adoption Bring the database to the document! Try It! http://bit.ly/didodido http://projects.csail.mit.edu/exhibit/Dido/ Remember: it’s a research prototype Written by a theory prof. Thanks to Scott Ostler and Ryan Lee