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The Birds and the Bulbs Tasers https://youtu.be/ZfKWVrXKbn0 How do birds stay safe while holding on to an electrically charged wire? What makes electric charge flow? What makes electric charge flow? What makes electric charge flow? What makes electric charge flow? If the sphere is a conductor and allows electrons to move freely, what will the electrons do? What makes electric charge flow? If we held the electrons in this position, what kind of energy is this? What makes electric charge flow? If we held the electrons in this position, what kind of energy is this? Energy that is stored and held in readiness is called potential energy. What makes electric charge flow? If we held the electrons in this position, what kind of energy is this? Energy that is stored and held in readiness is called potential energy. So, excess charges that are held in one location have potential energy. What makes electric charge flow? So, excess charges that are held in one location have potential energy. What makes electric charge flow? To understand what causes electrons to flow through a circuit, we can experiment with batteries and light bulbs. At each terminal of a battery, excess charge builds up on the terminals. Therefore, there is potential energy at each terminal. What makes electric charge flow? As you investigate, look for which ways allow charge to flow and which ways do not. Think about why nature is this way. https://www.google.com/search?q=timer&oq= timer&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i60j69i57j69i60j6 9i59j69i60.589j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF8 What makes electric charge flow? What did you observe about the battery and the bulb? What did you need to make electric charge flow? What makes electric charge flow? • In order for electrons to flow through a circuit, there must be two things: – a place with excess electrons (lots of potential energy) AND – a place where there aren’t as many electrons (not as much potential energy) • In other words, there must be a difference in potential energy at two points in the circuit. • To sustain a flow of charge in a conductor, one end must remain at a higher potential energy than the other. Electrons have no reason to flow through this wire, because there is no difference in potential energy. The same is true here… No difference in potential energy. Dam Analogy – A Difference in Potential Energy Water flows just like charge flows! Low Potential Energy High Potential Energy Hoover Dam Collapse – Apocalypse (2006) https://youtu.be/lfQEXLMr8Oo Team Question: Will there be a flow of charges here? Why or why not? Team Question: Will there be a flow of charges here? Why or why not? Team Question: Will there be a flow of charges here? Why or why not? Lots of potential energy Not much potential energy Lots of potential energy Not much potential energy How do birds stay safe while holding on to an electrically charged wire? How do birds stay safe while holding on to an electrically charged wire? There is no difference in electric potential energy on the single wire! “Voltage” • A difference in electrical potential energy allows electrons to flow. • The difference in electrical potential energy is called voltage and is measured in “Volts” (V). • The more voltage you have, the greater the difference in potential energy! Exit Quiz 1. What kind of energy do electrons have if they are held together in one location? 2. What do you need for electric charge to flow? 3. How do birds stay safe while holding on to an electrically charged wire? BONUS: How do electrical outlets get charge to flow through a wire?