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Electricity
Name_____________________
Section 1
Electric Charge
*Protons have a ____positive_____ charge.
*Electrons have a _______negative_______ charge.
*Chargers that are the same _____repel___ each other.
*Charges that are different ______attract____ each other.
Example:
Electric Force
*An _______electric field_______ is a region around a charged
object where the object’s _______electric force_________ is
exerted on other charged objects.
*This force can ____push_____ or _____pull______ other charged objects.
Example:
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Static Electricity
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*Most objects are _____neutral_________ which means they have
equal number of _____protons______ and electrons.
*Objects become charged if they gain or lose ____electrons_______.
*If electrons are lost the object has a _____positive_____ charge.
*If electrons are gained the object has a ____negative_____ charge.
*The build up of charges on an object is called ____static____ electricity.
This electricity does not ___flow____ continuously.
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Transferring Charge
*Electrons are only transferred from one object to another. They are not
___created____ or destroyed.
*There are ____3___ methods to transfer charge.
1. __friction_____ is the transfer of electrons from one object to another by
rubbing.
Example: Rubbing socks on carpet; balloon on your hair
2. __conduction___ is the transfer of electrons from on e object by direct
contact.
Example: Electrons from socks spread out across body
3.
__induction___ is the movement of electrons from one part of an object to
another part.
*An _____electroscope_______________ will detect the
presence of charge because the two thin metal strips move __apart____
when a charge is present.
Static Charge
When a ____negatively___ charged object and a
____positively____ charged object are brought together, electrons
_____transfer______ until both objects have the
____same_____ charge.
Example: (diagram lightning)
Section 2
Flow of Electric Charges
*Electric ___current___ is the continuous flow of electric charges through a
material.
*The amount or rate of electric current that passes through a wire in a given
time is measured in ___ampere_____(amp).
*Electric current requires a specific path to flow through called an
_____electric circuit_________.
Conductors and Insulators
*A ___conductor_______ is a material through which charge can flow easily.
List 3 examples:_____ silver, copper, aluminum, iron_________
*A material through which charges can not flow easily is an
__insulator__________.
List 3 examples:_____ rubber, glass, sand, plastic, wood_____
Voltage
*Voltage causes ___a current___ to flow. It is the
force _____pushing_________ an electric current.
*Voltage is measured in ____volts____.
Resistance
*Resistance is the measure of how ___difficult_____ it is for
current to flow in a material. The greater the ___resistance_____ ,
the less current there is for a given voltage.
*Resistance is measured in ____ohms__________(
).
*There are ____4______ factors that affect resistance.
1. ____material______ from which it is made.
2. The __length_____ of wires affects resistance. Longer have higher
resistance.
3. ___diameter_____ or how big around the material is affects resistance.
Larger is less resistant.
4. ____temperature_____, cooler materials have less resistance.
Section 3 (Batteries)
Read section 3 and answer question 2 parts a,b, and c below.
2a. Electro chemical cell consists of:
-2 different metal electrodes
- electrolyte (substance that will conduct a current
2b. The parts of the cell interact by producing a current when: A chemical reaction causes one
electrode to become negative, and the other positive. Now voltage can flow between them
2c. No – No voltage or current would exist if the charges are the same
Section 4 (Electric Circuits)
Make a key for the circuit symbols:
Wire:
Switch:
Energy source:
Resistor:
Diagram a Series Circuit that contains 1 energy source, 1 switch, 2 resistors, and wire.
Diagram a Parallel Circuit that contains 1 energy source, 1 switch, 2 resistors, and wire.