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Evolution Studyguide
Section 14.1
Vocabulary
Amber Fossil
Cast Fossil
Fossil
Frozen Fossil
Geologic Time Scale
Mold Fossil
Petrified Fossil
Relative dating
Trace Fossil
1. Discuss how fossils provide evidence of change from the earliest life-forms to those alive today.
2. Which fossil type provides the most anatomical information to paleontologists?
a. Trace
c. Replacement
b. Molds
d. Amber
3. The geologic Time Scale begins at the formation of Earth approximately _____ years ago.
a. 4.6 thousand
c. 46 million
b. 4.6 million
d. 4.6 billion
4. Why was it necessary for photosynthetic organisms to make it on land before animals?
Section14.2
Vocabulary
Biogenesis
Endosymbiotic theory
Spontaneous generation
1. Scientists agree that two developments must have occurred for life to come into being: the formation of simple
organic molecules important to life and _____.
a. Development of prokaryotic cells in
c. Appearance of amino acids, simple
early oceans
sugars and lipids
b. Organization of molecules into complex
d. An atmosphere rich in water vapor,
organic molecules
oxygen and ATP
2. Pasteur’s experiments disproved which theory?
a. Biogenesis
c. Evolution
b. Endosymbiotic
d. Spontaneous Generation
3. Describe the concept of the Endosymbiotic theory. Name the evidence that supports this theory.
4. How was spontaneous generation disproven twice?
5. Discuss why prokaryotic cells probably appeared before eukaryotic cells.
Section 15.1
Vocabulary
Natural Selection
Evolution
Replace the underlined portions of the sentences with the correct vocabulary words.
1. Natural Selection is a mechanism for species change over time.
2. Differential survival by members of a population with favorable adaptations is a mechanism to a theory
developed by Charles Darwin.
3. Identify the four principles of natural selection and provide examples.
4. Describe how Darwin’s theory of evolution differs from that of Jean Baptiste Lamarck. (Lamarck is in your notes,
not your book)
Section 15.2
Vocabulary
Analogous Structure
Camouflage
Comparative Biochemistry
Comparative Embryology
Fitness
Fossil Record
Geographic Distribution
Homologous Structure
Mimicry
Vestigial Structure
The sentences below include terms that have been used incorrectly. Make the sentences true by replacing the italicized
word with a vocabulary term from above.
1. Anatomical parts that have a reduced function in an organism are analogous structures.
2. Biogeography is the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce.
3. Camouflage occurs when two or more species evolve adaptations to resemble each other.
4. What can be concluded from the fact that many insects are resistant to certain pesticides?
5. Explain how homologous structures show a common ancestry among organisms.
6. Describe what is meant by survival of the fittest.
7. How did the break-up of Pangea lead to the development of new species?
Section 15.3 – Use Evolution of Population Notes for this section
Vocabulary
Bottleneck
Gradualism
Directional Selection
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Disruptive Selection
Punctuated equilibrium
Founder effect
Sexual Selection
Genetic drift
Stabilizing Selection
1. Describe the differences between directional, disruptive and stabilizing selection. Draw a graph that will help to
illustrate the differences.
2. If a population is IN Hardy-Weinberg, is it evolving? What are the 5 conditions to the Hardy-Weinberg Principle?
3. How can a bottleneck effect lead to genetic drift?
4. Describe how natural selection has resulted in the evolution of new types of antibiotic resistant bactiera.