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MYTH 1. TRADITIONAL STORY 2. EXPLAIN BELIEFS 3. CUSTOMS 4. NATURAL OCCURRENCES 5. HEROES/HEROINES a. BEAUTY b. STRENGTH c. INTELLIGENCE ---BEYOND HUMAN LIMITATIONS 6.ORAL TRADITION GREEK HEROES/HEROINES 1.WEAKNESSES OF HUMANS VS. DIVINE POWERS OF GODS 2.HUMANS WHO GO BEYOND HUMAN LIMITATIONS 3.CHARACTERS ARE GODS, DEMIGODS-- HALF HUMAN, HALF GOD GREEK EPIC *The hero is a figure of national importance. Achilles is a demi-god and respected king and Odysseus is a king and respected chieftain. *The action involves a long and dangerous journey. During this time the hero shows his strength and cunning. The Iliad involves the dangerous “journey” of victory between Greeks vs. Trojans. The Odyssey describes Odysseus’ ten-year journey. EPIC CONT. *The setting of an epic is large in scale. The Iliad centers on the whole of Troy and even pulls in the gods. Odysseus wanders the entire Mediterranean area and even visits the underworld. *Supernatural beings and events play a role in epic affairs. The gods and goddesses of Greek mythology are key characters in The Iliad (Zeus, Ares, Aphrodite, Hera, Athena) and The Odyssey (Athena, Zeus, Poseidon). EPIC CONT. *The style of an epic is formal and grand. This style fits the importance of its subject. Many translations preserve the poetic structure of the ancient Greek. *The action of an epic starts in medias res, “in the middle of things,” rather than at the true beginning of the story—or, chronologically. The Iliad begins during the middle of the Greeks’ battle with the Trojans; The Odyssey begins when Odysseus in nearly home. EPIC CONT. *Epics assign short phrases—stock epithets—to individual characters. For example, Homer often refers to Odysseus as “the great tactician” and “the master strategist.” *Epics usually contain twenty-four books or parts. The Iliad and The Odyssey follow this pattern. EPIC PURPOSE REVEALS MANY FACETS OF GREEK CIVILIZATION 1. RELIGION 2. VALUES 3. TRADITIONS 4. BELIEFS ZEUS (JUPITER/JOVE) 1. CARRIED THUNDERBOLT 2. NOT OMNISCIENT (ALL-KNOWING) 3. NOT OMNIPOTENT (ALL-POWERFUL) 4. WIFE WAS HERA 5. RULER OF ALL GODS & THE SKIES HADES (PLUTO) 1. BROTHER OF ZEUS 2. RULER OF THE DEAD 3. GOD OF WEALTH 4. OWNED CAP WHICH MADE PERSON WEARING IT INVISIBLE 5. WIFE WAS PERSEPHONE POSEIDON (NEPTUNE) 1. RULER OF THE SEA 2. BROTHER OF ZEUS 3. CALLED "EARTHSHAKER" 4. CARRIED TRIDENT (3-PRONGED SPEAR) HERA (JUNO) 1. SISTER/WIFE OF ZEUS 2. PROTECTOR OF MARRIAGE 3. ILL-TEMPERED 4. PUNISHED ZEUS' MISTRESSES PHOEBUS APOLLO (APOLLO) 1. SON OF ZEUS 2. TOP MUSICIAN 3. PLAYED GOLDEN LYRE 4. ARCHER-GOD 5. DELPHI--PLACE OF HIS ORACLE ARTEMIS (DIANA) 1. APOLLO'S TWIN SISTER 2. HUNTRESS--GODDESS OF WILD THINGS 3. USUALLY PRESERVED THE YOUNG 4. A VIRGIN ARES (MARS) 1. SON OF ZEUS AND HERA--BOTH DISLIKED HIM 2. GOD OF WAR 3. RUTHLESS, YET A COWARD PALLAS ATHENE/ATHENA (MINERVA) 1. DAUGHTER OF ZEUS--SPRANG FROM HIS HEAD 2. BATTLE-GODDESS & GODDESS OF WISDOM 3. CITY GODDESS--PROTECTOR OF CIVILIZED LIFE 4. PARTHENON--HER TEMPLE APHRODITE (VENUS) 1. GODDESS OF LOVE AND BEAUTY 2. LOVED LAUGHTER 3. DAUGHTER OF ZEUS--OR, SPRANG FROM SEA FOAM 4. WIFE OF HEPHAESTUS HEPHAESTUS (VULCAN) 1. SON OF ZEUS & HERA 2. GOD OF FIRE 3. UGLY AND LAME 4. ARMORER AND SMITH FOR THE GODS 5. FORGE EITHER ON OLYMPUS OR UNDER A VOLCANO 6. KIND AND POPULAR 7. GOD OF THE CITY LIFE HERMES (MERCURY) 1. SON/MESSENGER OF ZEUS 2. GRACEFUL AND SWIFT 3. WINGED SANDALS ON HIS HAT AND WAND (CADUCEUS) 4. GOD OF COMMERCE HESTIA (VESTA) 1. SISTER OF ZEUS 2. GODDESS OF THE HEARTH AND HOME 3. NOT CONSIDERED IMPORTANT IN THE MYTHS