Download Kathleen Hogan October 2, 2013 Period 6 Preliminary Annotated

Kathleen Hogan
October 2, 2013
Period 6
Preliminary Annotated Source List
Albert L. Siu, MD, MSPH, Kenneth S. Boockvar, MD, MS, Elton Strauss, MD, R. Sean Morrison, MD, Joan
D. Penrod, PhD, Kenneth Koval, MD. “Early Ambulation After Hip Fracture Effects on Function and
Mortality.” Journal of the American Medical Association 166.7 (2006): 766-771.
doi:10.1001/archinte.166.7.766. PubMed. Web. 2 Oct. 2013.
This source examines how inpatient bed rest is associated with function and mortality in patients with
hip fractures. A study was conducted using 532 patients over the age of 50 who had been treated with
surgery for hip fractures. Their days of immobility were recorded. The study concluded that, “In patients
with hip fracture, delay in getting the patient out of bed is associated with poor function at 2 months
and worsened 6-month survival.”
This source would be very beneficial to use if studying the topic: Benefits of early ambulation (walking)
in post-operative trauma patients. The full JAMA article is available to view. Background information,
methods, results (including tables), analysis, and comments are all included making this source complete
and full of statistics and findings. Overall, this source is a very strong one that I could incorporate in my
research.
Copeland, Larry. “'The Conversation' That Saves Lives.” USA TODAY 14 May 2012: A.1. SIRS Issues
Researcher. Web. 2 Oct. 2013.
This newspaper article discusses the story of a woman losing her daughter in a car accident due to
distracted driving. This source alludes to the fact that talking with your children about the dangers of
distracted driving will reduce their risk of getting into an accident. At the end of the article many people
such as parents, people from the AAA Traffic Safety Foundation, and Allstate representatives are quoted
speaking their opinion on the topic. The overall message of the article is to educate teens on how to
drive safely without distractions in order to reduce their risk of collisions.
This newspaper article was very personal in the way it was written. It captured the tragic story of a
young girl who was a victim of a distracted driving accident. This makes the article very attentiongrabbing and realistic. If I decide to research the topic: The Impact and interventions to reduce
distracted driving in young drivers then this source could provide a relatable story to my paper.
Jeffrey J. Wise, MD, Paul T. Fortin, MD. “Bilateral, Excercise-Induced Thigh Compartment Syndrome
Diagnosed as Exertional Rhabdomyolysis.” The American Journal of Sports Medicine 25.1(1997): 126129. Google Scholar. Web. 2 Oct. 2013.
This case report and review of literature provided information about a specific incident of a man who
was diagnosed with Excercise-Induced Thigh Compartment Syndrome. The case report discusses
specific symptoms the man experiences such as discolored urine and thigh burning after exercising.
This source includes the story of one person’ diagnosis and battle with Exercise-Induced Thigh
Compartment Syndrome. The case report includes various symptoms for the syndrome, however,
underlying causes and a clear definition of the syndrome are not provided. Overall, I will most likely not
use this source in my research paper.
Jorma Styf, MD, PhD. “Diagnosis of exercise-induced pain in the anterior aspect of the lower leg.” The
American Journal of Sports Medicine 16.2 (1988): 165-169. Google Scholar. Web. 2 Oct. 2013.
This abstract discusses exercise-induced pain in the anterior compartment of the lower leg. A total of 98
patients with this pain were tested for a diagnosis. “They all were referred because of a putative chronic
compartment syndrome (CCS). Intramuscular pressure was recorded bilaterally during exercise in the
anterior tibial muscle in all of them. Conduction-velocity recordings of the deep and superficial peroneal
nerves were performed in 29 patients. Other investigations included radiography, plethysmography, and
scintigraphy. CCS was diagnosed in 26 of the 98 patients. Other diagnoses included periostitis in 41
patients, compression of the superficial peroneal nerve in 13, and miscellaneous other diagnoses in 18.”
This abstract shows a clear relationship between exercise and chronic compartment syndrome. The
study indicates, however, that CCS is an uncommon reason to have pain in your lower leg.
This abstract is very short and contains little information regarding what a chronic compartment
syndrome is and what symptoms come along with it. This source is ineffective in providing me with
concrete information that I would be able to use in my research paper.
Maki, Dennis G.Tambyah, Paul A. "Engineering Out The Risk For Infection With Urinary Catheters."
Emerging Infectious Diseases 7.2 (2001): 342. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost . Web. 2 Oct. 2013.
This source discusses the prevalence of urinary tract infections in patients with catheters. “Catheterassociated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most common nosocomial infection in hospitals and
nursing homes, comprising >40% of all institutionally acquired infections.” These infections are also the
second most common cause of nonsocomial blood stream infections. Catheters are inserted into more
than 5 million patients in hospitals and extended care facilities every year. Studies show that most
CAUTIs stem from microorganisms gaining access to the bladder. This article also includes the definitions
of CAUTI’ and the prevention of these infections. One main way to prevent these infections it to avoid
the use of a catheter if possible or limit the amount of time you keep a catheter in. Lastly, this source
includes statistics in the form of a list/table that shows the microbial pathogens that caused nosocomial
catheter-associated urinary tract infections in U.S. acute-care hospitals from the year 1990 to 1992.
If I decide to research Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI), then this source is a very
respectable one to use It includes a great amount of statistics on different pathogens causing this
infection, which is very valuable for research purposes. Data is incorporated into tables in the article
that show the results of various studies. The date of these studies, however, are about ten years ago
which could not be correct when applied to the situations of today. This article included information on
specific prevention methods for the infections as well. In conclusion, this source is very valuable to
research on CAUTI’.
Mayo Clinic Staff. “Phantom Pain.” Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
(MFMER), 27 Oct. 2011. Web. 14 Sept. 2013.
This article defines phantom pain to be pain that feels like it’ coming from a body part that is no longer
there. It includes many possible causes of this pain including: damaged nerve endings, scar tissue at the
site of the amputation, and the physical memory of pre-amputation pain in the affected area. Evidence
has proven that this phenomenon is not a psychological issue but rather a sensation that starts in the
brain and spinal cord. Risk factors for developing phantom pain include: pain before amputation, stump
pain, and a poor-fitting artificial limb. Doctors must diagnose this pain by knowing your symptoms as
well as the situation before the pain began (surgery, trauma). To treat phantom pain doctors prescribe
medication, have the patient participate in noninvasive therapies, and/or worse case scenario get
surgery. The newest approach to treating this pain is virtual reality goggles. They work by mirroring the
person’ intact limb so it looks as if there has been no amputation. The amputee then can move this
virtual limb around to accomplish tasks. This method has proven to be effective. Lastly, the article
includes possible ways to reduce the risk of obtaining phantom pain the main one being regional
anesthesia before the amputation(Calcitonin and Ketamine are commonly used).
This article was easy to read and comprehend the information is was comprised of. It provided a
concrete definition for phantom pain which is a definite possibility for my research topic. It also included
the various types of treatment for this pain which is key to looking into this topic. Subtitles were
included throughout the article to clearly order the information. Overall, this source was effective in
conveying information regarding the topic and I would possibly refer to it when doing my research.
Natale, Glenda Watson. "Reconnecting To Nursing Through Reiki." Creative Nursing 16.4 (2010): 171.
MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost . Web. 2 Oct. 2013.
This article examines the issue of compassion fatigue seen in nurses. It analyzes the vulnerability nurses
have to developing high stress levels and burnout. Reiki, a vibrational or subtle energy therapy believed
to balance the human body's biofield and strengthen the body's ability to heal itself is becoming popular
when treating nurses with great amounts of stress and compassion fatigue. This method has proven
beneficial for people with wound healing, AIDS, and pain relief. The American Holistic Nurses Association
(AHNA) encourages the use of energy therapies such as Reiki. It is estimated that more than 30,000
nurses use these therapies (Engebretson & Wardell, 2002). Nurses carry a heavy load of stress on their
backs because of their intense jobs. “The impact of stress on the human body includes stimulation of the
sympathetic nervous system--characterized by elevation of blood pressure, galvanic skin response, and
cortisol levels--and lowering of peripheral skin temperature. Wardell and Engebretson (2001) found that
Reiki decreased perceived anxiety while increasing signs of relaxation and immune function as indicated
by elevation of IgA levels.”
This source was very effective in providing information regarding the topic of Compassion Fatigue found
in nurses. I find this topic very interesting because it focuses on the nurses rather than the patient
issues. This article includes a lot of fairly recent statistics which could be used to compare to ones prior
as well as more recent studies on the stress levels of nurses. Also, the source includes treatment options
(such as Reiki) that have been found to be effective in providing relief to nurses. Overall, this source is
very valuable to my research on this topic.
Ogiela, Dennis. “Phantom Limb Pain.” Medline Plus. U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institute
of Health, 7 June 2012. Web. 14 Sept. 2013.
This online Medical Encyclopedia entry examines a condition called Phantom Limb Pain. This is found in
patients who have had a limb amputated and still feel as if the limb is there and functioning. The article
includes common “phantom” sensations patients may experience if they have this condition. These
sensations often times can be painful. A bulleted list of things that have the potential to worsen
phantom pain are included in the article as well. Lastly, a few self-care treatments to curing or easing
the pain of this condition are explained in the entry which include deep breathing, listening to music,
and taking mild painkillers.
This online encyclopedia entry is not a very strong source. It includes very little information on the
causes, development, and treatment of the medical condition Phantom Pain. The article consists of
mainly bulleted lists to relay information to the reader. Although this format is clear and right to the
point it lacks description and details involving the condition at hand. I will most likely not include this
source in my research paper.
Powell, Shaun. “CONCUSSIONS IN SPORTS: WAKE-UP CALL Sports World Looks for Ways to Deal with
Repetitive Head Injuries.” Newsday (Long Island, NY) 7 July 1996: B4+. SIRS Issues Researcher. 2 Oct.
2013.
The article begins by explaining what it feels like to experience a concussion: images are fuzzy, there is a
burst of brightness then darkness, and you lose sense of what time it is and where you are. Out of all
severe injuries in sports, concussions are one of the most common and dangerous ones. “It haunts its
victim, because, studies show, after the first concussion, the athlete is four times more likely to suffer
another.” Multiple concussions can cause serious damage such as chronic headaches, amnesia and
neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's syndrome. A few study reports are
included in the article comparing the concussion rates from multiple years. This article stresses the
importance of documenting concussions. Imbedded in the article is narration from athletes who have
experienced concussions.
This article is very well written in that it incorporates a little bit of everything including: statistics,
narration, a catchy introduction, and definitions. With all of these qualities this source would be a good
source to use in my research paper if I decide to pursue the topic of concussions in high school athletes.
The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, 2008. Web. 2 Oct.
2013.
This website helped me to correctly format all of my citations for each of my sources listed in this
annotated bibliography. The site provides information on ways to cite all different source types
including websites, newspaper articles, journals, books, and more. This website has been a very helpful
tool in correctly formatting all my citations. This source was very easy to use.
Sarah Gibson, Lise E. Nigrovic, Michael O\u2019Brien, William P. Meehan. “The effect of recommending
cognitive rest on recovery from sport-related concussion.” Brain Injury 27.7-8 (2013): 839-842. Informa
Healthcare. Web. 2 Oct. 2013.
The abstract of this source claims a study was taken between the years 2007 and 2009 with a purpose to
determine whether or not, “recommending cognitive rest to athletes after a sport-related concussion
affects time to symptom resolution.” The study included a total of 184 patients who experienced a
concussion within the study time. Many characteristics played a part in whether or not cognitive rest
should be prescribed or not. The results indicated 85 out of 135 with medical records had cognitive rest
recommended. Out of those patients 79 had prolonged symptoms. The source ended with the
conclusion that there is limited evidence on the effects of cognitive rest on concussion recovery so it
should be carefully considered especially when it involves the patient missing academic days.
This abstract shows potential of being included in my research paper if I choose to study concussions in
teen athletes. It includes concrete evidence based on a recent study that examined cognitive rest(a form
of treatment for concussions) on patients. The entire source, however, is not accessible unless you pay
to see the remaining parts. If I decided to use this study I would have to purchase it, so therefore it is
one of the less appealing sources available for my research.
Seibert, Andrew. “Splenectomy.” WebMD. WebMD, 14 June 2012. Web. 14 Sept. 2013.
The article discusses in detail the procedure of a Splenectomy, a surgery to remove the entire spleen.
People that may need this procedure are ones with injuries involving severe blows to the abdomen
which often occur as a result contact sports or motor vehicle accidents. Also, a splenectomy may be
recommended to patients with cancer involving the spleen or illnesses such as lupus and sickle cell
disease. It goes on to talk about the recovery process after a splenectomy which encompasses staying in
the hospital for a few days following surgery, receiving fluids through a vein (IV), and taking pain
medications. Typically, patients recover in four to six weeks. Lastly, this article closes with the
significance and job of the spleen in the human body. This fist-sized organ fights off bacteria, preventing
the development of infections like pneumonia. With the removal of the spleen patient’ are more likely
to get bacterial infections. Overwhelming Post-Splenectomy Infections (OPSI) are infections that develop
right after surgery and cause death in about 50% of cases. It is highly recommended that anyone who
has gotten a splenectomy gets a flu vaccine every year to help boost their immunity.
This article was helpful in providing concrete information regarding the procedural parts of
splenectomies. It was very clear in describing the steps surgeons follow and the different tools and
techniques they use. Also, the article included a clear comparison of the two different types of
splenectomies: Laparoscopy v. Open Surgery. The layout of the article effectively divided the
information into sections introduced by subtitles. The only criticism I have for the article is the lack of
details. It flowed well and was an easy-read, however, I believe more specific details regarding the
causes of a spleen rupture or the recovery process could have been included. I could see myself
referring to this article in my research paper as a basis for background information if I choose this topic.
Sroczy\u0144ski, Maciej, , Maciej Sebastian, Jerzy Rudnicki, Agata Sebastian, Anil K. Agrawal. “A
Complex Approach to the Treatment of Fournier's gangrene.” Rev. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2013 JanFeb;22(1):131-5. PubMed. Web. 2 Oct. 2013.
This review is written by many doctors in the Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery and Proctology
at the Wroclaw Medical University in Wroc\u0142aw, Poland. It discusses Fournier\u2019 gangrene
which is, “a necrotizing, life-threatening fasciitis of the perineal, genital and perianal region which can
spread to the abdominal wall, causing soft-tissue necrosis and sepsis.” This disease is not seen in
patients often, however, the death rate of patients who have it is very high. Urogenital and anorectal
diseases can cause the development of this infection. Radiological examinations are often done to view
the damage the infection has done. When treating this deadly infection, “treatment consists mainly of
aggressive surgical debridement, broad-spectrum antibiotic combinations and hyperbaric oxygen
therapy.”
This is source is very hard to read and comprehend. I had a hard time understanding a lot of the
language used by the doctors who wrote the review. It does a good job of emphasizing the seriousness
of this condition. This review is a total of five pages and includes real life photographs of the condition
and treatment surgery. If I decide to research the topic of Causes and treatment of Necrotizing Fasciitis
(also known as “flesh eating bacteria”) then this review could be a very useful source.
Vidal, R.Kissoon, N.Gayle, M. "Compartment Syndrome Following Intraosseous Infusion." Pediatrics 91.6
(1993): 1201. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost . Web. 2 Oct. 2013.
This source covers a specific case of a young boy who developed compartment syndrome after the
infusion of fluids through an intraosseous (IO) needle. The use of IO needles are “recommended by the
American Heart Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics when rapid intravenous access is
needed but cannot be established in children.” This method seems to be effective in not showing
complications. However, this specific case as well as another one has proven the effectiveness of this
method wrong.
This source failed to be effective because it didn\u2019t define the syndrome or mention any specifics
about it. It simply included the story of one account of the compartment syndrome effecting a young
child. I will not use this source in my research.
Washburn, Lindy. “Silent Epidemic Preys on Young Athletes.” The Record (Hackensack, NJ) 11 June 2006:
A1+. SIRS Issues Researcher. 2 Oct. 2013.
This source examines the dangers of concussions in teens. The article states, “Teen athletes, according
to new research, are far more vulnerable. They suffer many more concussions than adults and their
brains and nervous systems take longer to recover.” When teen have a concussion that has not been
fully treated and they dive back into playing sports too soon they can experience “second-impact
syndrome,” which can cause irreversible brain damage or even death in extreme cases. Experts estimate
thousands of concussions go unreported. Headaches, difficulty sleeping, as well as concentrating in class
are all symptoms of having a concussion. The article includes many personal stories of high school
athletes who have experienced a concussion.
This source includes all symptoms of concussions which can be beneficial to know when researching this
topic. The article also includes many personal accounts related to the issue. Overall, however, the
source did not include many statistics about concussion rates in teen school athletes. This newspaper
article could be used for personal stories that I would wish to incorporate in my presentation/paper,
however, there aren\u2019t many stats to back up the information.
Yoshio Haga, Nobutomo Miyanari, Tadateru Takahashi, Shoichiro Koike, Ryozo Kobayashi, Hiroya
Mizusawa, Chikaaki Nakamichi, Mataro Goto. “Risk factors for catheter-related bloodstream infections
in adult hospitalized patients \u2014 multicenter cohort study.” Scandinavian Journal of Infectious
Diseases 45.10 (2013): 773-779. Informa Healthcare. Web. 2 Oct. 2013.
This study was conducted from December 2009 to January 2012. It examined the current risk factors for
Catheter Related Bloodstream Infections (CRBSIs) in hospitalized patients in Japan. “Patients were
monitored for CRBSIs for up to 8 weeks from CVC insertion; data were collected regarding patient
characteristics, the purpose of CVC insertion, insertion methods, mechanical complications during
insertion, and post-insertion catheter care.” A grand total of 892 patients participated in this study.
Internal jugular vein catheterization (IJVC) proved to cause less infections than other catheter routes.
This source provided good, but few concrete statistics. Also, in order to view the entire case, not just the
abstract, you must buy the rest of the study which makes this source less appealing. This study was
specific to the country of Japan, therefore, I believe it would be irrelevant to include in my research
paper discussing Catheter Related Bloodstream Infections because methods used in the U.S. could be
very different than those used in Japan. I cannot see myself using this source in my research.