Download BIOMESREVIEW2016

ARCTIC TUNDRA: TREELESS, VERY
LITTLE RAIN
ARCTIC TUNDRA: VERY COLD, LONG
WINTERS
ARCTIC TUNDRA: SHORT SUMMERS
PERMAFROST: BELOW THE TOP FEW
INCHES, SOIL REMAINS
PERMANENTLY FROZEN ALL YEAR
ALPINE TUNDRA: FOUND AT HIGH
ELEVATIONS ALL OVER THE WORLD
TUNDRA FACTS
Location: poles, mountain tops
Temperature range: -25 to 5 ° C ( -13 - 41 ° F)
Average temperature: -12° C (10 °F)
Average precipitation:
less than 25 cm/year (< 10 inches)
ARCTIC TUNDRA: ADAPTATIONS
PLANTS: LOW, DARKCOLORED TO ABSORB
HEAT, DEEP ROOTS
THICK, HEAVY COATS
SMALL EARS TO PREVENT
HEAT LOSS, COATS
CHANGE COLOR WITH
SEASON
TAIGA- COLD, SNOWY CONEBEARING EVERGREEN FORESTS
TAIGA: SHORT SUMMER, NO PERMAFROST
TAIGA FACTS
Location:
just south of the tundra
Average temperature: -5° C (10 °F)
Temperature range: -50°C to 20 °C
(-58 ° F to 70 °F)
Average precipitation:
35 cm – 100 cm/year (14 “ – 40”)
TAIGA ADAPTATIONS
PINE NEEDLE SHAPE
SHEDS SNOW, KEEPS IN
WATER
LONG LEGS
AND WIDE
FEET TO GET
THROUGH
DEEP SNOW
SUPERSTRONG
JAWS TO
EAT
FROZEN
MEAT
TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST:
4 SEASONS, TREES LOSE THEIR LEAVES IN
WINTER
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Location: North America, Europe, parts of Asia
and South America
Average temperature: below 0°C to above 25°C
(< 32°F to > 78°F)
Average Precipitation: 75-150 cm/year (30” –
60”/year)
Temperate Deciduous Forest:
Adaptations
camouflage
Trees drop leaves to
prevent snow
damage & save water
migration
DESERTS: DRIEST BIOME, BUT NOT
LIFELESS
DESERTS: USUALLY HOT, CAN BE COLD,
Plants are widely spaced with wide,
shallow roots to maximize water
DESERT FACTS
Location: across the globe
Temperature Range: can vary from hot to
cold. Often hot by day, cold by night
Average temperature: 20°C - 25°C
(68°F – 78°F)
Precipitation: <25 cm/year (<10”/year)
may not rain for years
Store water
DESERT ADAPTATIONS
Nocturnal to
avoid sun,
big ears to
shed heat
Scales or thick coverings
to keep in moisture
Tropical rain forest: wettest, most
diverse biome
Tropical rain forest: filled with life
Tropical rain forest: needs lots of Sun
energy to support all the organisms
Tropical rain forest facts
Location: Near the equator in South & Central
America, Africa and Asia
Climate: almost no temperature change from day to
night or season to season
Average temperature: 25°C (80°F)
Precipitation: 200 - 600 cm/year (this is a HUGE
amount: 6.5 ft.- 20 ft. per year!)
Tropical Rain Forest Zones
Scientists divide the rain forest into 4 zones based
on the types of plants and animals that live there
Emergents
Canopy
Understory
Forest Floor
Life in the tropical rain forest zones
forest floor: insects, jaguars, tapirs
Understory: above ground but under
canopy- many plants, insects,
reptiles like snakes
Canopy: the upper, leafy part of treesinsects birds, snakes, mammals like
sloths and monkeys
Emergents: large trees that stick up
above the canopy- birds & insects
Rain forest soil quality
2
Although TRFs support a huge variety of
organisms, the soil of the rain forest
contains few nutrients:
1. nutrients are washed out of the soil by
rain.
2. so many plants mean nutrients are taken
out of the soil as soon as decomposers
make them available
Human impact on the rain forest
2
Recently, rainforest land has been cleared for
farming and logging. Crops quickly use up the
few nutrients in the soil, and the farmers must
clear more land.
The cycle of
clearing, farming
& more clearing
is destroying
large areas of
TRF habitats.
http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2009/pl
anet.in.peril/brazil.html
TROPICAL RAINFOREST ADAPTATIONS
BIRDS HAVE SHORT
WING SPANS FOR MORE
MANUEVERIBILITY
THROUGH TREES
LEAVES HAVE POINTED “DRIP
TIPS” TO CHANNEL WATER OFF
LEAF
STRONG CLAWS AND TAILS
TO GRASP BRANCHES
INSECTS MIMIC LEAF SHAPES
TEMPERATE RAIN FOREST: AN
ANCIENT, RARE BIOME
Temperate rain forests get much of their moisture in
the form of fog- rain shadow effect! This is a perfect
environment for organisms who don’t like sun
These forests are dominated by huge conifer
trees- logging is still a huge industry here
Temperate rain forest facts
Location: New Zealand,
southern Chile, and the Pacific
Northwest
Average temperature: 40–50 °F
(5°C – 10°C)
Precipitation: 200 - 400 cm/year
(this is a HUGE amount, about
6 to 13 ft/year)
Temperate rain forest adaptations
Tall, wide trees serve as nurse logs
to their seedlings after they fall,
providing decades of water and
nutrients as they slowly decay.
Rounded body shapes
conserve heat (walaby)
Dark colors to blend
into forest floor
GRASSLANDS: ROLLING, OPEN AREAS
WITH FEW TRESS
GRASSLANDS: also called prairies,
savannas, steppes or pampas
Most grasslands have a large,
dominant grazing animal
vicuna
bison
kangaroo
yak
wildebeest
Grasslands facts
Location: world-wide, tropical &
temperate areas
Climate: often have a dry season & wet
season
temperature: varies, ranging from <0°C
to >35°C (<32°F to >95°F)
precipitation: gets
between 25 cm (10”)
and 75 cm (30”)
of rain each year
Grassland adaptations
Grass grows from the bottom,
not the tip, so it can continue to
grow after being grazed on
Prairie plants have strong, deep roots to
anchor plant and reach groundwater
Lots of animals burrow for
shelter and protection
BIOME
ADAPTATIONS
TROPICAL RAINFOREST ADAPTATIONS
BIRDS HAVE SHORT
WING SPANS FOR MORE
MANUEVERIBILITY
THROUGH TREES
LEAVES HAVE POINTED “DRIP
TIPS” TO CHANNEL WATER OFF
LEAF
STRONG CLAWS AND TAILS
TO GRASP BRANCHES
INSECTS MIMIC LEAF SHAPES
TAIGA ADAPTATIONS
PINE NEEDLE SHAPE
SHEDS SNOW, KEEPS IN
WATER
LONG LEGS
AND WIDE
FEET TO GET
THROUGH
DEEP SNOW
SUPERSTRONG
JAWS TO
EAT
FROZEN
MEAT
Temperate Deciduous Forest:
Adaptations
camouflage
Trees drop leaves to
prevent snow
damage & save water
migration
Store water
DESERT ADAPTATIONS
Nocturnal to
avoid sun,
big ears to
shed heat
Scales or thick coverings
to keep in moisture
Grassland adaptations
Grass grows from the bottom,
not the tip, so it can continue to
grow after being grazed on
Prairie plants have strong, deep roots to
anchor plant and reach groundwater
Lots of animals burrow for
shelter and protection
ARCTIC TUNDRA: ADAPTATIONS
PLANTS: LOW, DARKCOLORED TO ABSORB
HEAT, DEEP ROOTS
THICK, HEAVY COATS
SMALL EARS TO PREVENT
HEAT LOSS, COATS
CHANGE COLOR WITH
SEASON
Temperate rain forest adaptations
Tall, wide trees serve as nurse logs
to their seedlings after they fall,
providing decades of water and
nutrients as they slowly decay.
Rounded body shapes
conserve heat (walaby)
Dark colors to blend
into forest floor