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BASIC WRITING SKILLS Introduction to Grammar Why is Grammar Important? A panda walks into a café. He orders a sandwich, eats it, then draws a gun and proceeds to fire it at the other patrons. “Why?” asks the confused, surviving waiter amidst the carnage, as the panda makes towards the exit. The panda produces a badly punctuated wildlife manual and tosses it over his shoulder. “Well, I'm a panda,” he says at the door. “Look it up.” The waiter turns to the relevant entry in the manual and, sure enough, finds an explanation. “Panda. Large black-and-white bear-like mammal, native to China. Eats, shoots and leaves.” Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation, Lynne Truss Consequences of Mis-punctuation A woman, without her man, is nothing. A woman: without her, man is nothing. Grammar Errors in Everyday Life http://blogs.newsobserver.com/media/grammar-hair.jpg http://www.flickr.com/photos/lesbessant/533148959/ Perhaps a good set of encyclopedias would prevent such embarrassments in the future .... http://kaszas.typepad.com/.shared/image. html?/photos/uncategorized/enciclopedia s.jpg For special occasions, Google often changes the logo on its web page to reflect the theme of the holiday. This Google logo is from February 14: http://kaszas.typepad.com/.shared/image.html?/photo s/uncategorized/googlevalentine.jpg Colgate really means business! Its "Total" product claims to fight 12 teeth in addition to gum problems. I wonder if the formulation is smart enough to know exactly which 12 teeth need to be fought in any given mouth.... http://kaszas.typepad.com/.shared/image.html?/photos/uncategorized/colgate.jpg Grammar rules exist for a reason! Parts of Speech Parts of Speech? • Explains NOT what a word is, BUT how is it used • A word’s part of speech can change from one sentence to the next – The same word can be a noun in one sentence and verb or adjective in another sentence – We are going to learn how to identify and use parts of speech There are eight parts of speech: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Noun Verb Pronoun Adjective Adverb Preposition Conjunction Interjection Noun • Names a person, place, thing, idea, or quality • Noun Mind Map Handout Collective Noun: Proper Noun: •Name a group or collection of people or things •Names a specific person, place, or thing •Ex: committee, herd NOUN Name people, place, things, ideas, or qualities •Begin with a capital letter * •Ex: Calgary, (your name), October Common Noun: Abstract Noun: •Name something that cannot be seen by your senses •Ex: happiness, beauty, joy Concrete Noun: •Something physical that can be felt by your senses •Ex: chocolate, music, house •Names any person, place, or thing in a general way •Only capitalized if they are at the beginning of a sentence * •Ex: city, girl, game Forms of Nouns • Singular Noun – Name only one person, place, or thing – Example: bat, apple • Plural Noun – Name more than one person, place, or thing – Example: bats, apples Forms of Nouns, continued… • Exact Nouns – Add life to your work and give the reader a vivid picture of what you are describing – Too many general nouns can make your writing dull and boring – Example: • The man gave us a container of fruit. • The farmer gave us a bagful of mangoes, papayas, and pineapples. – The second sentence is much more interesting because it uses exact nouns. It helps the reader to visualize what the writer is describing. Verb • Express action or being Pronoun • Takes the place of nouns Adjective • Describe or modify nouns or pronouns Adverb • Describe or modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs Preposition • Relate nouns or pronouns to other words in a sentences Conjunction • Join words or groups of words • For example: couldn’t, shouldn’t, wouldn’t • In formal pieces of writing (assignments, essays, etc.), do not use conjunctions! Interjection • Express emotion or feeling