Download Presentation - Millersville University

Graduate of Lycoming College - Majors in Computer
Science and Mathematics
Moved to Lancaster to work with former professor
at Market Metrics
Joined GeoDecisions in 2003 and headed
development team at PennDOT
GIS Certificate from PSU, GISP and OCA
certifications
Corporate faculty at Harrisburg University
Founded in 1986 by faculty and staff of Penn State.
In January 1992, became part of Gannett Fleming
Gannett Fleming is an engineering company with
more than 2,100 employees, serving clients worldwide since 1915.
IT consulting company specializing in Geospatial
Technology.
Role of the DBA
What’s Geospatial Technology
Spatial Data Basics
How Databases Support Spatial Data
GIS Applications
Jobs in the GIS Industry
Questions
Database backup and recovery
Database modifications
Update statistics
Synchronize replicated data with parent databases
Database upgrades
User administration
Requirements and System Analysis
Database design
Database standards development
Stored procedure, function, trigger development
Query optimization
Developer support
Maps
Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Land Surveying
Remote Sensing
Geography
Smart Mapping
Links geographic information (where things are)
with descriptive information (what things are).
Used to answer questions and make decisions
–
–
–
–
Location: What is at…?
Trends: What happened since..?
Patterns: What spatial patterns exist?
Modeling: What if…?
Location, location, location
Data integration
Data visualization
Collaborative decision making
Solving business problems
Because it’s estimated that over 80% of all data has
a spatial component
Locations
Events
Flows
Coverage
History
customers, stores
auto accidents, births
traffic, package deliveries
area of radio broadcast
growth of population in a town
Traditional Data Layers
Point Layer
Street Lights, Houses,
Crime locations
Line Layer
Streets, Utility
Lines, Streams
Polygon Layer
Water bodies,
Land parcels, Parks
Raster/Grid Layer
Satellite Imagery
Spatial Layer
Geometries
Elements
Point
Line
Polygon
How do databases support spatial data?
Definition: A geodatabase is a database that’s
designed to store and query data that’s related to
objects in space including points, lines, and
polygons
Typical databases are designed to support numeric
and character data; spatial databases add support
for spatial data types usually referred to as
geometry or feature
Spatial Measurements
– Calculate the distance between two features
Spatial Functions
– Create features based on existing ones using operations such as
buffering, intersection, and union.
Spatial Predicates
– Spatial queries based on topologic relationships or proximity to
other features.
Constructor Functions
– Create new features by specifying the feature attributes such as
vertices and spatial reference.
Geometry Functions
– Return geometry information such a area, diameter, length, or
centroid of a feature.
Spatial data support was added in SQL Server 2008
There are two types of spatial data in SQL Server
– Geometry
– Geography
The GEOMETRY data type supports Euclidean, or
planar (flat-earth) data.
The GEOGRAPHY data type supports ellipsoidal
(round-earth) data such as Longitude and Latitude
coordinates.
The GEOMETRY and GEOGRAPHY data types
support eleven types of objects.
Only seven of these types can be instantiated
within the database.
A Point is a zero-dimensional object that represents
a single location.
For the geography data type, X and Y represent
longitude and latitude respectively.
Longitude is always within (-180, 180) and Latitude
is always within (-90, 90).
The following example creates a geometry Point
instance representing the point (3, 4) with an SRID
of 0:
DECLARE @g geometry;
SET @g = geometry::STGeomFromText('POINT (3 4)', 0);
A LineString is a two-dimensional object
representing a sequence of points and the line
segments connecting them.
A LineString must have at least two points or be
NULL to be valid.
The following example shows how to create a
LineString geometry with three points and an SRID
of 0:
DECLARE @g geometry;
SET @g = geometry::STGeomFromText('LINESTRING(1 1, 2 4, 3 9)', 0);
A Polygon is a two-dimensional surface stored as a
sequence of points defining an exterior bounding
ring and zero or more interior rings.
The following example creates a simple Polygon
with a hole and SRID 10:
DECLARE @g geometry;
SET @g = geometry::STPolyFromText('POLYGON((0 0, 0 3, 3 3, 3 0, 0 0),
(1 1, 1 2, 2 1, 1 1))', 10);
Each spatial instance has a spatial reference
identifier (SRID).
The SRID corresponds to a spatial reference system
based on the specific ellipsoid used for either flatearth mapping or round-earth mapping.
The geography spatial data type is implemented as
a .NET common language runtime (CLR) data type in
SQL Server.
The SQL Server geography data type stores
ellipsoidal data, such as GPS latitude and longitude
coordinates.
The geography type is predefined and available in
each SQL Server database.
CREATE TABLE SpatialTable (
id int IDENTITY (1,1),
GeogCol1 geography,
GeogCol2 AS GeogCol1.STAsText() );
GO
INSERT INTO SpatialTable (GeogCol1)
VALUES (geography::STGeomFromText('LINESTRING(-122.360 47.656, 122.343 47.656)', 4326));
INSERT INTO SpatialTable (GeogCol1)
VALUES (geography::STGeomFromText('POLYGON((-122.358 47.653, 122.348 47.649, -122.348 47.658, -122.358 47.658, -122.358
47.653))', 4326));
GO
To demonstrate spatial operations, we’ll create
three tables Points, Lines, and Polygons as follows:
CREATE
ID
NAME
GEOM
);
GO
CREATE
ID
NAME
GEOM
);
GO
CREATE
ID
NAME
GEOM
);
GO
TABLE Points (
INT
IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY,
VARCHAR(64),
GEOMETRY
TABLE Lines (
INT
IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY,
VARCHAR(64),
GEOMETRY
TABLE Polygons (
INT
IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY,
VARCHAR(64),
GEOMETRY
INSERT INTO Points VALUES('Point1', geometry::STGeomFromText('POINT(3 4)',0));
INSERT INTO Points VALUES('Point2', geometry::STGeomFromText('POINT(5 3)',0));
INSERT INTO Points VALUES('Point3', geometry::STGeomFromText('POINT(5 2)',0));
INSERT INTO Points VALUES('Point4', geometry::STGeomFromText('POINT(2 4.7)',0));
INSERT INTO Points VALUES('Point5', geometry::STGeomFromText('POINT(4.1 2)',0));
INSERT INTO Lines VALUES('Line1', geometry::STGeomFromText('LINESTRING(2 2, 5
5)',0));
INSERT INTO Lines VALUES('Line2', geometry::STGeomFromText('LINESTRING(5 1, 6 1,
6 2, 7 2, 7 3)',0));
INSERT INTO Lines VALUES('Line3', geometry::STGeomFromText('LINESTRING(4 7, 5
1.5)',0));
INSERT INTO Polygons VALUES('Area1', geometry::STGeomFromText('POLYGON ((1 1, 4
1, 4 5, 1 5,1 1))',0));
INSERT INTO Polygons VALUES('Area2', geometry::STGeomFromText('POLYGON ((5 4, 5
7, 8 7, 8 4, 5 4))',0));
INSERT INTO Polygons VALUES('Area3', geometry::STGeomFromText('POLYGON ((2 3, 6
3, 6 6, 2 6, 2 3))',0));
GO
SELECT pt.name, pt.geom.STBuffer(.1)
FROM polygons pol,
Points
pt
WHERE pol.name = 'Area1'
AND pol.geom.STIntersects(pt.geom) = 1
SELECT pol.name, pol.geom
FROM polygons pol,
lines
ln
WHERE ln.name = 'Line1'
AND ln.geom.STIntersects(pol.geom) = 1
Intersecting and Unioning Spatial Objects
Proximity Queries
Spatial Buffer
SELECT a1.geom.STIntersection(a3.geom)
FROM Polygons a1,
Polygons a3
WHERE a1.NAME = 'Area1'
AND a3.name = 'Area3'
SELECT P.name
FROM Lines L3, Points P
WHERE L3.NAME = 'Line3' AND L3.geom.STDistance(P.geom) <= .4;
Name
-----Point2
Point3
SELECT l3.geom.STDistance(p2.geom) Distance
FROM Lines l3, Points p2
WHERE l3.NAME = 'Line3' AND p2.NAME = 'Point2';
Distance
----------------0.268328157299975
SELECT TOP(2)
p.name,
l3.GEOM.STDistance(p.geom) Distance
FROM Lines l3,
Points p
WHERE l3.NAME = 'Line3'
ORDER BY 2 ASC;
Name
-----Point3
Point2
Distance
-----------------0.0894427190999916
0.268328157299975
SELECT p.name Point,
a.name Area
FROM Points p
JOIN Polygons a
ON p.geom.STIntersects(a.GEOM)=1
ORDER BY 1, 2;
Point
Area
------ ----Point1
Area1
Point1
Area3
Point2
Area3
Point4
Area1
Point4
Area3
What’s the longest trail in Lancaster County?
What’s the largest state park in Pennsylvania?
How many abandoned mines are within 5 miles of
Tuscarora State Park?
What’s the municipality with the most abandoned
mines?
What’s the closest wetland to the intersection of
routes 83 and 130?
What municipality has the largest area of state
parks?
Internet application to
view store information
and track gasoline truck
positions in near-realtime.
People that live in New
York can get
information about
environmental and
health issues in the city
Tracks progress toward
making New York City a
better place to work
and live
Crash Analysis and
Reporting System
(CARS) provides DelDOT
with easy-to-use tools
to get quick access to
crash data, and present
it in a form that is easy
to understand.
PennDOT uses RCRS to manage information and
communications related to accidents and events
affecting Pennsylvania drivers.
Developed for the U.S.
Military
Tracks the movement of
military vehicles,
equipment, and
personnel worldwide
Offers near-real-time
access to world-wide
information
Uses IRRIS to ensure the safe and secure
movement of all FEMA mobile equipment.
GIS Job Descriptions
– DBAs
• Provide database support, create databases to support application
development
– Analysts
• Create and maintain GIS data, Perform research
– Software Developers
• Create GIS-based web and desktop applications
– Project Managers
• Manage GIS projects and staff
Likes/Dislikes
– Make a difference
– Team Environment
– Stressful at times
Education!!!
Networking
– Social
– Professional
Internships
Certifications
– GISP
– PMP
– Vendor-Specific (ESRI, Oracle, etc.)
Doug Argall, Sr. Data Architect
[email protected]