Download Chapter 3 The Basic Structure of a Cell

Daily Warm up
1. When a person gets dehydrated what is
going on inside them (besides that they do
not get enough water)? (Hint thing about
inorganic compounds).
2. During a reaction, energy is released this is
what type of reaction?
3. What is one difference between a plant and
animal cell
True or false:
1.
A human being loses an average of 10 to 50 strands of
hair a day
2.
Fingers and toes wrinkle in the bathtub due to the
outermost layer of the skin swelling when it absorbs
water.
Answers to Warm UP
• The inorganic molecules cannot
dissolve and be utilized
• Exothermic
• Plants have a cell wall, chloroplasts
and large vacuoles
• True/False answers
– 1. False: On average, humans lose 40-100
strands of hair per day.
– 2. True
copyright cmassengale
2
In your lab group: Brainstorm all
the parts of a cell.
1.DRAW and LABEL what you think an
animal cell looks like. (Include as many
components as you can, hint: nucleus)
2. DRAW and LABEL what you think a
plant cell looks like.
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Basic Structure of a Cell
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Introduction to Cells
Cells are the basic units of organisms
Cells can only be observed under
microscope
Basic types of cells:
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Bacterial Cell
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Number of Cells
Organisms may be:
• Unicellular –
composed of one cell
• Multicellularcomposed of many
cells that may
organize
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Cells May be Prokaryotic or
Eukaryotic
 Prokaryotes include bacteria &
lack a nucleus or membrane-bound
structures called organelles
Eukaryotes include most other cells
& have a nucleus and membranebound organelles (plants, fungi, &
animals)
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Prokaryotes
Nucleoid region
contains the DNA
•Cell membrane &
cell wall
• Contain ribosomes
(no membrane) to
make proteins in
their cytoplasm
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Eukaryotic Cell
Contain 3 basic cell
structures:
• Nucleus
• Cell Membrane
• Cytoplasm with
organelles
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Two Main Types of
Eukaryotic Cells
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
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Daily Warm up
1. 1. What type of reaction is this: A +
B -> AB ?
2. Which type of bond occurs when
Hydrogen is involved?
3. The four most abundant inorganic
compounds in your body are what?
4. List three organelles and tell me the
function of each one.
Organelles
Very small size
Can only be observed under a
microscope
Have specific functions
Found throughout cytoplasm
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Organelles Found in Cells
Cell membrane
Lies immediately against
the cell wall in plant
cells
Made of protein and
phospholipids
Selectively permeable
Living layer
Controls the movement
of materials into and
out of the cell
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Cell Wall
Cell wall
Nonliving layer
Gives structure and
shape to plant and
bacterial cells
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Cytoplasm of a Cell
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance
enclosed by cell
membrane
Provides a medium
for chemical
reactions to take
place
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More on Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Contains organelles
to carry out
specific jobs
Examples:
chloroplast &
mitochondrion
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Control Organelle
Nucleus
Controls the normal
activities of the cell
Contain the DNA
Bound by a
nuclear membrane
Contains chromosomes
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More on the Nucleus
Nucleus
Each cell has fixed
number of
chromosomes that
carry genes
Genes control cell
characteristics
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Compound Microscope
• Instrument for
observing small
objects
• Magnify images
up to 2000X
their size
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Different parts of
a microscope
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Revolving
nosepiece
Eyepiece
Clip
Body tube
Coarse
adjustment
Fine adjustment
Condenser
Arm
Iris diaphragm
Stage
Objective
Mirror
Condenser
control knob
Base
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STOP: CELLS UNDER
THE MICROSCOPE
ACTIVITY.
LAB 4 Guidelines and
questions.
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Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth ER lacks
ribosomes & makes
proteins USED In the
cell. Also makes lipids.
Rough ER has ribosomes
on its surface & makes
proteins to EXPORT
Located close to
nucleus.
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Golgi Bodies
• Stacks of flattened
sacs (pancakes)
• Have a shipping side &
a receiving side
• Receive & modify
proteins made by ER
• Transport vesicles
with modified proteins
pinch off the ends
Transport
vesicle
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Ribosomes
Comprised of protein and
RNA molecules
Scattered throughout cytoplasm
and on the rough ER.
Provide structural support for
RNA and aid in making proteins
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Lysosome
• Contain digestive
enzymes
• Break down food and
worn out cell parts for
cells
• Programmed for cell
death (lyse & release
enzymes to break down
& recycle cell parts)
• Are found in blood
cells- can destroy
bacteria.
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Nucleolus
•
Cell may have 1 to 3
nucleoli
• Inside nucleus
• Disappears when cell
divides
• Makes ribosomes that
make proteins
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Cell Powerhouse
mitochondria
Rod shape
Site of Cellular
respiration
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Questions to Answer:
1. What is diffusion?
2. What is osmosis?
3. What does hypotonic mean?
4. What does hypertonic mean?
5. What does isotonic mean?
6. What is the cell membrane made out
of?
7. Why do we need to learn about
diffusion and different types of
transport into a cell?
In Animal Cells:
Mitochondria
Active cells like
muscles have more
mitochondria
Burn sugars to
produce energy ATP
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Plant Cell Organelles
Chloroplast
Contain the green
pigment chlorophyll
Traps sunlight to
make sugars (food)
Process called
photosynthesis
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Plant Cell
Cell wall
Dead layer
Large empty spaces
present between
cellulose fibers
Freely permeable
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Plant Cell
Cell wall
Protect and support
the enclosed
substances
(protoplasm)
Resist entry of
excess water into
the cell
Give shape to the cell
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Daily Warm up
1. Define the function of: Lysosome,
mitochondria, and Nucleolus
2. Which organelle is responsible for
holding water?
3. What are two differences between
and animal cell and a plant cell?
True and false:
4. Only 25% of the world is left handed.
5. Each square inch of human skin
consists of twenty feet of blood
vessels.
• True/false answers:
– 1. False.. Only 10%
– 2. True
copyright cmassengale
35
Plant Cell Organelles
Vacuole
Have a large central
vacuole
Contains cell sap
Sugars, proteins,
minerals, wastes,
water, and pigments
Animal cells have one it
is just not as large
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vacuole
cytoplasm
Animal cell
No cell wall or
chloroplast
nucleus
mitochondrion
glycogen
granule
cell
membrane
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Animal Cell Organelles
• Near the nucleus
• Paired structures
• Help cell divide
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Different kinds of animal
cells
white blood cell
Amoeba
red blood cell
muscle cell
cheek cells
sperm
nerve cell
Paramecium
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Similarities between plant
cells and animal cells
Both have a cell membrane
surrounding the cytoplasm
Both have a nucleus
Both contain mitochondria
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Differences between plant
cells and animal cells
Animal cells
Plant cells
Relatively
smaller in size
Relatively
larger in size
Irregular shape
Regular shape
No cell wall
Cell wall present
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Differences between Plant
Cells and Animal Cells
Animal cells
Plant cells
Vacuole small or
absent
Large central
vacuole
Glycogen as food
storage
Starch as food
storage
Nucleus at the
center
Nucleus near cell
wall
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The cell is the Basic Unit
of Life
• Cell is the smallest unit of living organisms
• Unicellular organisms are made of one cell
only
• The cells of multicellular organisms are
specialized to perform different functions
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Levels of organization
• Cells are
grouped
together and
work as a
whole to
perform special
functions
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Levels of Organization
Atoms
Molecules
CELLS
(muscle cells,nerve cells)
TISSUES (muscle, epithelium)
ORGANS (heart, lungs,
stomach)
SYSTEMS (circulatory system)
ORGANISM (human)
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• Study for a quiz next class on the
structure and components of a
cell!
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