Download Rocks and Minerals Review DO NOT WRITE ON TEST SHEET

Rocks and Minerals Review
DO NOT WRITE ON TEST SHEET!!!
Write all of your answers in COMPLETE SENTENCES on a separate sheet of paper.
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. The building block of the silicate minerals is called the ____.
a. silicon-oxygen tetrahedron
c. silicon-oxygen triangle
b. aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron
d. silicon-aluminum triangle
2. Why can two igneous rocks have the same minerals but different names?
a. The rocks may have different colors.
b. The rocks may be found in different areas.
c. The rocks may be of different sizes.
d. The rocks may have different textures.
3. Sedimentary rocks with ripple marks suggest that the rocks formed ____.
a. along a beach or stream bed
b. when ancient animals walked over them
c. from the shell fragments of ancient sea-dwelling animals
d. when wet mud dried and shrank
4. What type of rocks are formed by processes powered by the sun?
a. metamorphic rocks
b. sedimentary rocks
c. igneous rocks
d. No rocks are formed by energy from the sun.
5. Which of the following is NOT considered to be a rock?
a. coal
c. pumice
b. sandstone
d. lava
6. Most of the heat for contact metamorphism is supplied by ____.
a. a nearby mass of magma
c. frictional heating along a fault
b. radioactive elements
d. deep burial within Earth
7. What determines the properties of a mineral?
a. size and shape
c. composition and structure
b. composition and age
d. structure and size
8. What rock-forming process occurs when hot magma forces its way into rock?
a. regional metamorphism
c. contact metamorphism
b. biochemical sedimentation
d. deposition
9. How could you determine if a sample of gold is pure?
a. Compare the sample’s density with that of pure gold.
b. Compare the sample’s color with that of pure gold.
c. Determine whether the sample is magnetic.
d. Determine whether the sample will fizz in contact with hydrochloric acid.
10. Which of the following changes may occur during metamorphism?
a. Certain minerals may recrystallize.
b. The rock becomes more compact.
c. Crystals may grow larger.
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____ 14.
____ 15.
d. all of the above
What is a naturally occurring, solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter?
a. a rock
c. lava
b. a mineral
d. a fossil
Where is the energy source found that drives the processes that form igneous and metamorphic rocks?
a. the sun
c. Earth’s interior
b. the wind
d. moving water
What is the hardness of an unknown mineral that scratches glass, but will not scratch quartz?
a. 5.0
c. 6.0
b. 7.5
d. 8.0
Which of the following represents the correct order of the processes involved in sedimentary rock formation?
a. erosion, weathering, compaction, cementation, deposition
b. compaction, cementation, deposition, weathering, erosion
c. deposition, cementation, compaction, erosion, weathering
d. weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation
To which mineral group does orthoclase feldspar (KAlSi O ) belong?
a. the oxides
c. the silicates
b. the carbonates
d. the halides
Complete each sentence on a separate sheet of paper. (Write-out the whole thing!)
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
16. When minerals form slowly without space restrictions, they will develop ____________________.
17. Rocks are generally classified as igneous, ____________________, or metamorphic.
18. The tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weak bonding is called ____________________.
19. Because of the processes that take place within the ____________________, rocks can change from one type
to another.
20. A(n) ____________________ is a hot, water-rich fluid that is associated with a cooling magma body.
21. In an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, the oldest rocks would be at the ____________________ of
the sequence.
22. Small amounts of different elements in the same mineral can change the ____________________ of the
mineral.
23. A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical
composition is a(n) ____________________.
24. When igneous rocks cool rapidly, and ions do not have time to unite into an orderly crystalline structure,
____________________ texture results.
25. Large-scale folding of rocks during the process of mountain building is characteristic of a(n)
____________________ metamorphism setting.
26. During the processes of erosion and deposition, sediments that are the ____________________ in size will be
carried the greatest distances before being deposited.
27. ____________________ rocks form when magma hardens and cools.
28. The parent rock of the nonfoliated metamorphic rock called ____________________ is commonly a quartz
sandstone.
Short Answer
Write your answers in complete sentences on a separate sheet of paper!
29. Which type of rock in the rock cycle can only be formed at depths of a few kilometers below Earth’s surface?
30. What is the difference between extrusive igneous rocks and intrusive igneous rocks?
31. What are the two main groups of sedimentary rocks?
32. What factor most influences the size of mineral crystals in igneous rocks?
33. Where does most metamorphism take place?
Essay
Write your paragraph in complete sentences on another sheet of paper.
34. Explain the rock cycle by describing how an igneous rock can become a sedimentary rock, then a
metamorphic rock, and then an igneous rock again.
Rocks and Minerals Review
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
A
D
A
B
D
A
C
C
A
D
A
C
C
D
C
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
L2
L2
L2
L2
L2
L1
L2
L2
L2
L2
L1
L2
L2
L2
L2
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
2.8
3.7
3.10
3.4
3.1
3.12
2.14
3.12
2.13
3.13
3.1
3.4
2.11
3.8
2.9
COMPLETION
16. ANS: crystals
DIF: L2
17. ANS: sedimentary
OBJ: 2.11
DIF: L1
18. ANS: cleavage
OBJ: 3.2
DIF: L1
19. ANS: rock cycle
OBJ: 2.12
STO: 3.c
DIF: L1
OBJ: 3.3
20. ANS: hydrothermal solution
STO: 3.c
DIF: L2
21. ANS: bottom
OBJ: 3.13
STO: 3.c
DIF: L2
22. ANS: color
OBJ: 3.10
STO: 3.c
DIF: L1
23. ANS: mineral
OBJ: 2.10
DIF: L1
OBJ: 2.6
STO:
STO:
STO:
STO:
STO:
3.c
3.c
3.c
3.c
3.c
STO: 3.c
STO: 3.c
STO: 3.c
STO: 3.c
STO: 3.c
24. ANS: glassy
DIF: L2
25. ANS: regional
OBJ: 3.6
STO: 3.c
DIF: L1
26. ANS: smallest
OBJ: 3.12
STO: 3.c
DIF: L2
OBJ: 3.8
27. ANS: Intrusive igneous
STO: 3.c
DIF: L1
28. ANS: quartzite
OBJ: 3.5
STO: 3.c
DIF: L2
OBJ: 3.15
STO: 3.c
SHORT ANSWER
29. ANS:
metamorphic rock
DIF: L2
OBJ: 3.3
STO: 3.c
30. ANS:
Extrusive igneous rocks form when lava cools at Earth’s surface, and intrusive igneous rocks form when
magma cools below Earth’s surface.
DIF: L1
OBJ: 3.5
STO: 3.c
31. ANS:
chemical sedimentary rocks and clastic sedimentary rocks
DIF: L1
32. ANS:
the rate of cooling
OBJ: 3.9
DIF: L2
OBJ: 3.6
33. ANS:
a few kilometers below Earth’s surface
DIF: L1
OBJ: 3.11
STO: 3.c
STO: 3.c
STO: 3.c
ESSAY
34. ANS:
An igneous rock forms when magma or lava cools. Over time, the igneous rock is weathered into small
pieces, or sediment. The sediments are eroded and deposited, and become compacted and cemented together,
forming a sedimentary rock. If the sedimentary rock is subjected to intense heat and pressure, it can form a
metamorphic rock. The metamorphic rock can become buried deep beneath Earth’s surface, melt to form a
magma, then cool to form an igneous rock again.
DIF: L2
OBJ: 3.3
STO: 3.c