Download Carla Campbell - Capacity Building and Training

Capacity Building and Training for
Extreme Heat Event Awareness and
Education
Carla Campbell, MD, MS, FAAP
Associate Professor of Public
Health, UTEP
Expected Impacts of Climate
Change
Ecosystems
Health
Climate Changes
Temperature
• Weather-related deaths
Precipitation
• Infectious diseases
• Air quality - respiratory
illnesses
Agriculture
• Pest management
• Irrigation demand
• Crop yields
•Desertification and
land degradation
Sea Level Rise
Forests
Water
Resources
• Loss of habitat and
diversity
• Species range shifts
• Ecosystem services
•Land degradation
•Stratospheric ozone
depletion
Coastal Areas
• Geographic range
• Health, composition,
and productivity
Changes in
precipitation, water
quality, and water
supply
• Erosion and inundation
of coastal lands
2
• Costs of protecting
vulnerable lands
Environmental Impacts of
Climate Change
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
More extreme temperatures
Sea level rise
Stronger hurricanes and storm surges
Increased precipitation and flooding
Increased droughts and water scarcity
More frequent wildfires
Increased ozone concentrations and
diminished air quality
• Increased pollen and natural air pollutants
• Increased range for disease vectors
• Farmers and fishers more vulnerable
NOAA
USFS
3
NOAA
Source: Living Water International / Flickr www.water.cc
The Environmental Impacts of Climate
Change will Affect Human Health
• Air Pollution: respiratory and other
• Temperature extremes: heat stress
– Aggravation of preexisting conditions
• Infectious disease changes
– Increase in water-,food- and vector-borne
diseases
• Increased illness, injury, mortality
• Injuries and deaths from extreme
weather events
• Mental health disorders
• Population displacement
• Food insecurity, instability and
conflict: malnutrition/starvation
Source: Sabbir, Wikimedia Commons
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Extreme Temperatures:
Heat Waves
CDC
• Most vulnerable populations:
– Young children and the elderly
– People living alone, socially
isolated, or mentally ill
– Socio-economically
disadvantaged people
– People lacking access to air
conditioning or cooling spaces
– People with chronic
(cardiorespiratory) diseases or
bedridden
– People who work outside
– Urban poor due to heat island
effects
CDC
• Increase in heat related
illnesses and mortality:
– Heat stroke
– Heat exhaustion
– Heat cramps
5
CDC
Urban Heat Islands
• absorbing and retaining materials – can raise local
temperature 2 – 10 F
Oke 1987 and World Meteorological Organization 1984
Heat Wave Examples
2006 California heat wave
• Daytime temperatures
> 100 degrees for 2 weeks
• Record nighttime highs
• > 1 million people lost electricity
• Death toll: 150-450
• Excess ER visits: 16,000
• Excess hospitalizations: 1000
NASA
2003 European heat wave
• Death toll > 45,000
1995 Chicago heat wave
• Death toll: 900
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NASA
How Do These Cities Plan for
Extreme Heat Events?
• Philadelphia, PA: Has the longest-running
heat-health intervention program in the
country, which is considered the “gold
standard” for heat management in the US.
Their brochure for the public is a good
example. They communicate EHE
warnings well.
• Phoenix, AZ: Has the most extreme heat
of all 4 cities. Has government and NGOs
working on activities around EHE.
How Do These Cities Plan for Extreme
Heat Events?
• New York City, NY: Much larger than the
other cities; has some heat preparedness
systems in place, including syndromic
surveillance that detected 125 deaths with
an underlying cause of “heat” from 19992010
• Detroit, MI: Does not have centralized,
formal plan for EHE, does have an allhazard plan and Detroit Health Dept.
houses the Office of PH Emergency
Preparedness and Office of Homeland
Security and Emergency Management
EL PASO HEAT STATISTICS
These are apparently collected by the Fire
Department, rather than the City of El Paso
Department of Public Health. However, I did
not receive any statistics in time, despite
requesting them about a month ago. So
can’t share the local experience with you.
TOOLS AND RESOURCES
• Training tools: Check CDC, NOAA, EPA
websites
• Resources: CDC website, NOAA/National
Weather
Service:www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures/heatw
ave.pdf; EPA: https://www.epa.gov/heatislands/lessons-learned-european-heat-wavesacramento-uhi-strategy-epa-supplemental
• Outreach activities: Billboards, brochures, ads
on buses and subways, PSAs on radio and TV,
briefing of public officials, disaster drills including
heat wave plans
Climate and Health Program
www.cdc.gov/climateandhealth/def
ault.htm
• Keeping Cool in a Heat Wave|PSAs for Disasters
• emergency.cdc.gov/disasters/psa/heatwave.asp
• Script. This is an important message from the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services. In a heat
wave, keeping your cool will keep you healthy.
• Extreme Heat Prevention Guide - Part 1
• emergency.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/heat_guide.a
sp
• Heat-related deaths and illness are preventable yet
annually many people succumb to extreme heat. ... A
heat wave combined with a drought is a very dangerous
situation
How to Achieve Increased Resilience
for Managing EHE in the El
Paso/Juarez border region
Develop program using Philadelphia’s plan
as a guide and example, but perhaps
incorporating elements from the other cities
or suggestions from CDC/NOAA/EPA, etc.
Involve the entire city infrastructure,
including the incident command center, the
all-hazards plan, the health department and
health facilities, the fire and police
departments, etc.; include all parties actively
engaged in emergency response