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UNIT 9
1
GETTING READY
Task I
Listen to the audio. Finish the descriptions with the correct forms of
the words provided.
carving
dome
symmetrical
characterize imperial
architectural
Name:
Forbidden City
Location:
Beijing, China
Dates Built:
1406−1420
tile
arch
staggering
The architects responsible for this palace complex
focused on horizontal design elements. Thus, the buildings
are 1.characterized
___________ by solid platforms and thick roofs. The
tiles
roofs are covered with yellow 2. ___________,
as the color
was symbolic of 3. ___________
imperial power.
2
GETTING READY
Task I
Listen to the audio. Finish the descriptions with the correct forms of
the words provided.
carving
dome
symmetrical
characterize imperial
architectural
Name:
Arch of Titus
Location:
Rome, Italy
Date Erected:
81 AD
tile
arch
staggering
This monument to the Roman emperor Titus is
staggering in size. The giant 5. ___________
arch
4. ___________
measures 13.50 meters wide, 15.40 meters high, and 4.75
meters deep. On the inside walls, there are 6. ___________
carvings
showing the victory parade when the emperor returned to
Rome from war. The distinct design is the inspiration for
the Arc de Triomphe, a famous landmark in Paris, France.
3
GETTING READY
Task I
Listen to the audio. Finish the descriptions with the correct forms of
the words provided.
carving
dome
symmetrical
characterize imperial
architectural
Name:
St. Peter’s Basilica
Location:
Vatican City
Dedicated in:
1626
tile
arch
staggering
A principal example of Renaissance architecture,
symmetrical design and many thick
this has a(n) 7. ___________
columns decorating the front of the building. On top of
dome
the roof you will see the world’s largest 8. ___________,
which is believed to be one of Michelangelo’s finest
9. ___________
architectural achievements. The artist was
appointed the main architect of construction in 1546.
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GETTING READY
Audio Transcripts:
Chinese Architectural Design
In China, buildings used to be built with heavy platforms and thick roofs. A
primary example of this is the Forbidden City. You’ll immediately notice that the
roofs are covered in yellow tiles, as that was the imperial color. This isn’t the
palace’s only design feature that is both symbolic and decorative. The number of
statues on top of the buildings represents the significance of each structure. The
Hall of Supreme Harmony, where the emperors held the most important
ceremonies, has ten.
5
GETTING READY
Audio Transcripts:
Ancient Architecture
Architectural talent dates back to ancient times. Due to the Romans’ clever
use of concrete and marble, many of their structures were staggering in both
size and beauty. Take the Arch of Titus, for instance. This monument honors
Emperor Titus’s military victories and is detailed with carvings and sculptures. It
has inspired other triumphal arches built since the 16th century, including the
famous Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France.
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GETTING READY
Audio Transcripts:
European Structures
During the Renaissance, buildings were characterized by their symmetrical
arrangement. This may sound boring, but touring a site like St. Peter’s Basilica
might change your mind. It has the largest dome in the world, measuring 42
meters around and reaching 138 meters into the sky. It’s also the only piece of
work designed by Michelangelo that he actually signed, so you know it has to be
great.
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GETTING READY
Task II
Fill in the chart with words from Task I.
Word
Part of Speech
Definition
1.
monument
noun
a structure built in honor of someone
2.
staggering adjective
amazing; astonishing
3.
distinct
adjective
clearly different
4.
horizontal
adjective
flat and level
5.
complex
noun
a group of buildings
6.
imperial
adjective
relating to a royal empire
7.
dome
noun
a large curved roof or ceiling
8.
symbolic
adjective
representing something
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CONVERSATION CORNER
Open with default media player
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CONVERSATION CORNER
Open with default media player
10
KEY WORDS
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KEY WORDS
12
REVIEW
A. Complete the Sentences
Fill in the blanks with words from the conversation. Use the hints to
help you.
1. The old hospital is a top _____________
candidate to receive an improvement
grant from the government. (contender)
Reconstruction after the disastrous earthquake is expected to
2. ________________
take five years or more. (repairs)
3. A great deal of effort was spent on the exterior _____________
aesthetics of
the building. (beauty)
bleak
4. Your garden is looking a little _____________
this year. Why
haven’t you planted flowers like you normally do? (not appealing)
5. The mountain views surrounding the campsite were certainly
awe-inspiring
________________.
(impressive)
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REVIEW
B. Make Inferences
Check the appropriate inferences and write the sentences that
support your answers.


Inference
Clue from the Text
1. Christy would like to stop attending
classes.
I’ve had it with school.
2. Carrie thinks Christy’s mood is being
affected by her surroundings.
Some elements of contemporary
design can make you feel
gloomy.
3. Carrie has been studying the effects of
color for years.
And it’s angles that can make
fearful emotions soar.

4. Carrie believes that specific shapes
can change the way you feel.

5. Christy finds contemporary architecture But out of all the styles of
fascinating.
architecture, it’s modern design
that I’m a fan of.
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EXPRESSION PLAZA
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EXPRESSION PLAZA
5
Check which tips Rosie agrees to. Fill in the blanks with words or
expressions from the audio. There may be more than one possible
answer.
down in the dumps /
blue / sick at heart /
Low Spirits
Steps to Lift Your 1. _______________
down in the mouth
Exercise. You may feel too 2. _______________ to run on
the treadmill or lift weights, but it’ll help you beat depression.
cheerful atmosphere. Brightening up
 Create a(n) 3. __________

your living space can brighten up your life.
lively / catchy
Put on some 4. __________ tunes. Listening to pop music
will have your toes tapping in no time.
stunning Discard all of your
Make yourself look 5. __________.
sloppy
6. __________
outfits.
Go party. Friends can bring you up whenever you’re
7. _______________.
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blue / sick at heart /
down in the mouth /
down in the dumps
EXPRESSION PLAZA
Audio Transcripts:
Jill:
Rosie! You seem down in the dumps today. What’s up?
Rosie: If Justin and I were still together, today would have been our anniversary.
Jill:
You guys only dated for a month. You shouldn’t be feeling blue. You should make
yourself feel cheerful instead.
Rosie: How?
Jill:
To start, do something about your appearance. You’ve been wearing sloppy
lounge clothes constantly since the breakup.
Rosie: I’m too sick at heart to bother looking stunning again.
Jill:
Whatever. How about starting a fitness routine? Getting your heart rate up will lift
your mood.
Rosie: I don’t like anything physical. If I’m already down in the mouth, why would I make
myself more miserable?
Jill:
Fine. Then buy yourself flowers. The bright colors and lovely scents could work.
Rosie: Well, carnations are in season, and they are my favorite.
Jill:
Listen to lively music too. Nothing will raise those low spirits faster than a catchy
pop song.
Rosie: Sounds good. I’m obsessed with that genre of music anyway.
Jill:
You also need to have fun. You haven’t wanted to come out lately.
Rosie: You’re right. I promise to show up next time.
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EXPRESSION PLAZA
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EXPRESSION PLAZA
Listen to the audio. Circle and check the items Jamie and Alicia want
to order.
Happy Houseware Order Form
Couches & Chairs
4-person couch: black / brown
3-person couch: darkest black,
forest green, sky blue
2-person love seat: coral, red,
orange
Lamps
Table lamp: black, white, purple
Floor lamp: black, white, purple
Include soft white lightbulbs that provide
dim lighting—only $2.99 extra
Kitchen Tables
Decorative Pillows
Wooden table; seats 4: maple,
Set of 2: navy blue, butter yellow, mocha
cherry, neutral
brown
Glass table with white legs; seats 6
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EXPRESSION PLAZA
Audio Transcripts:
Jamie:
Hi, roomie!
Alicia:
Hey, Jamie. What a disastrous day!
Jamie:
What happened?
Alicia:
I needed to study for an exam, but I had to work the afternoon shift.
Jamie:
Sounds like you had your hands full.
Alicia:
Yeah. I’ve had it with everything.
Jamie:
Well, I have something to make you breathe easy for a while—the new Happy
Houseware catalog.
Alicia:
I love browsing through those.
Jamie:
Me too. Plus, getting some new furniture and accessories to make our apartment
cozier will help us relax after a long day. What do you think of this black leather
couch?
Alicia:
The dark color might make us feel weighed down.
Jamie:
True. How about buying these pillows to complement our old couch? Surrounded
by such a bright color, we’ll be without a care in the world.
Alicia:
If we really want to feel at ease, we should get dimmer lighting in here. Those
white floor lamps seem perfect for that.
Jamie:
And we need this maple-stained kitchen table. Then we don’t have to eat on the
couch.
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GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT
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GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT
A. Make Cleft Sentences
Rewrite the sentences into the cleft structure using the words provided.
Some questions may have more than one possible answer.
1. The doctor just needs a couple of minutes to fill out your prescription. (all)
All the doctor needs is a couple of minutes to fill out your prescription.
___________________________________________________________________________
2. The speaker said something totally unacceptable. (what)
What the speaker said was totally unacceptable.
___________________________________________________________________________
3. We have everything to make this dish except garlic. (only thing)
The only thing we don’t have to make this dish is garlic. /
___________________________________________________________________________
The only thing we need to make this dish is garlic.
4. The mermaid in the cartoon said exactly the same thing. (it)
___________________________________________________________________________
It was the mermaid in the cartoon who said exactly the same thing.
5. Mary initiated the campaign in order to raise funds for the children’s hospital.
(reason)
The reason Mary initiated the campaign was to raise funds
for the children’s hospital.
___________________________________________________________________________
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GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT
B. Match
Match the sentence parts.
1. What is thought of as the most difficult
aspect of learning to swim ______
b
a. is in the main lobby, near the
principal’s office.
2. According to the news report, it was a lit b. is taking the first plunge.
cigarette that ______
f
c. visit the exhibition on the top floor of
this building.
3. The place where we put the trophies
______
a
d. that nags me about my weight all the
time.
4. What I would prefer to do first is ______
c
5. Although I know I need to diet, it is my
girlfriend ______
d
e. Taiwan launched its first satellite into
space.
6. It was not until 1999 that ______
e
f. sparked the massive forest fire.
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READING
PRE-READING TASK
Look at the pictures and captions. What do you think the reading will be about?
a. How the designs of office buildings have evolved over the years
b. Using bizarre building materials in modern architecture
c. Examples of remarkable structures that use interesting designs
d. How modern offices meet international standards
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READING
From the unusual to the practical, modern architecture
has countless styles. All across the globe, what many
architects are doing is pushing the envelope when it
comes to creating buildings that fulfill the needs of
leading enterprises.
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READING
Vodafone Headquarters
When Vodafone announced a contest to design its
headquarters in Portugal, the cell phone giant
probably didn’t expect to receive the plans from the
architectural firm Barbosa & Guimarães. It was
Vodafone’s slogan, “Life in Motion,” that these
architects used as their inspiration. The building
appears to be moving. Both the exterior and the
interior of the building are full of geometric patterns.
The designers were only able to achieve this look
because of concrete—it can be shaped into any
imaginable form. The completed structure is so aweinspiring that it has won numerous awards.
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Photo: Flickr / LeonL
READING
The Basket Building
Some architecture can best be described as playful. These types of
structures often fall into the category of novelty designs, in which buildings
resemble the merchandise that its company sells. The Longaberger
Company’s Home Office in Newark, Ohio, is one such example. This
seven-story headquarters is a dead ringer for the company’s biggest seller:
the Longaberger Medium Market Basket. The design was the invention of
its founder, Dave Longaberger. As he was known to be a joker, many
people thought he was kidding when he announced his plans, but his funny
suggestion increased publicity for the business.
Photo: Flickr / ellenm1
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READING
The More London Development
As environmental protection has become part of global consciousness, the
world’s foremost architects are trying to come up with the most prestigious
green building. Once construction of 7 More London was finished, Foster +
Partners had successfully created the most eco-friendly building in London. It
is the first structure in the capital city to receive an OUTSTANDING rating
from the country’s green building ranking organization. The More London
development consists of several buildings and is home to London’s City Hall,
as well as various cafés, shops, and an open-air area full of sculptures and
water fountains. Foster + Partners is responsible for the look of the entire
complex, and the company is well known for using glass and steel to design
amazing architecture all over the world.
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READING
If you’re an architecture enthusiast, there are
plenty of notable buildings that are sure to thrill
you. Each year, the field of architecture moves in
interesting directions thanks to architects’
ingenuity.
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READING
‧ Discussion ‧
Can you name a few of the nations that are known for their
architectural inventiveness? What about your country? Which
landmark in your city has the most celebrated design? Do you
know if there is an interesting story behind its style?
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KEY WORDS
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KEY WORDS
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REVIEW
A. Understand from the Context
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words provided.
product
important
pioneer
addicted
identical
1. The company was determined to push the envelope in its industry. It
___________
pioneered a cutting-edge method of production.
2. Nowadays, most merchandise is made by machinery. It’s expensive to make
products by hand.
___________
3. Joe was a dead ringer for a famous news anchor. In fact, they looked
identical
___________,
so he was often mistaken for the celebrity.
4. The professor was one of the foremost experts in the field. He was a(n)
important member of several research teams.
___________
5. Alfonso is a big baseball enthusiast. Sometimes his wife thinks he is too
addicted to the game.
___________
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REVIEW
B. Comprehension Check
Answer the questions.
1. From whom did Vodafone obtain
the design for its headquarters?
The plans were chosen from the
architectural firm Barbosa &
Guimarães in a contest.
2. What’s unique about the
appearance of the Vodafone
headquarters?
It looks like it’s moving, and the
exterior is decorated with geometric
patterns.
3. Originally, why was the idea of the
Basket Building not taken seriously?
The founder was notorious for his
enjoyment of fooling people.
4. What can be seen in the area around
7 More London?
The space boasts several office
buildings, City Hall, and leisure spots,
like cafés, shops, and water fountains.
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WRITING SKILLS
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WRITING SKILLS
Task I
Underline the stressed points in the paragraph below and circle any
emphasis words.
When British immigrants settled in Northeastern America, they brought their
architectural traditions. Not surprisingly, intact historical buildings from this era
feature a simpler version of British style, as importing material was costly.
Building materials were chosen for their easy production: wood, brick, and stone.
Certainly, the most prized decorative element of any house was the chimney.
Before this invention, it was only through
the windows that smoke from fires could
be ventilated. Can you imagine what a
relief it was to no longer have smoke
polluting the house? Modern architects
continue to build homes in this colonial
style, especially in New England.
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WRITING SKILLS
Task II
Rewrite the paragraph to make it more emphatic on a separate sheet
of paper.
Suburbs are common, and they can be found ALL OVER the United States.
The federal government offered loans and made home ownership affordable after
World War II ended. The existence of cars enabled people to drive away from the
city to other neighborhoods. The preference for private homes made them
popular. The availability of land made it possible for them to be built. So,
suburban areas were created. Supporters believe suburbs are better for families.
Others argue building them is bad for the environment. Suburbs are popular!!!!!!
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WRITING SKILLS
Task II
Rewrite the paragraph to make it more emphatic on a separate sheet
of paper.
Revision:
Suburbs dominate the landscape of the United States. When World
War II ended, the federal government offered loans that made home
ownership more affordable. It was the existence of cars, a rising
preference for private homes, and the availability of land that led to the
creation of suburban areas. Although supporters believe living in the
suburbs is better for families, others argue that building them has a
negative impact on the environment. In any case, they are quite
popular.
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The
End
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