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8.1 System Software, Application Software and Driver Programs Computer Software A sequence of instructions which tell the computer to perform specific tasks Divided into three categories System software Driver program Application software 8.1 System Software, Application Software and Driver Programs Hardware System Software Interface User Operating system • Manage the system resources • Let application software run efficiently System software coordination Hardware 1 Hardware 2 Utility program • Perform tasks such as system security, data protection and resource optimization 8.1 System Software, Application Software and Driver Programs System Software 8.1 System Software, Application Software and Driver Programs Application Software Performs specific tasks for the user Classification Category Example Business application Word processor, spreadsheet, presentation program Communication application E-mail program, web browser, FTP program Multimedia application Graphics program, audio and video editing program Entertainment and education software Games and multimedia program, electronic dictionary 8.1 System Software, Application Software and Driver Programs Driver Programs A small program that allows a peripheral device to communicate with the computer system Some come with the operating system while others are developed by the device manufacturers 8.1 System Software, Application Software and Driver Programs Driver Programs A small program that allows a peripheral device to communicate with the computer system Some come with the operating system while others are developed by the device manufacturers 8.2 The Basic Features of an Operating System Classification Label Feature Example Single-user Allow only one user to use the computer at one time MS Windows XP Home Edition Single tasking Allow only one program to run at a time MS DOS 3.1 Multi-user Allow two or more users to run the computer at a time Linux Multitasking Allow two or more programs MS Windows XP to run at a time Multiprocessing Support the running of a program on a computer with two or more CPUs MS Windows NT Server 4.0 8.2 The Basic Features of an Operating System Basic Functions Maximize the productivity and efficiency of a computer system Perform various tasks: Device configuration File management Operating System (OS) Memory management Interface platform Network communication management 8.2 The Basic Features of an Operating System Utility Programs A group of programs that enhance the OS Perform various tasks: Data recovery utility Backup utility Disk defragmenter Different utility programs perform different tasks Disk scanning program Antivirus software Program uninstaller File compression utility 8.2 The Basic Features of an Operating System Utility Programs Backup and data recovery utility Antivirus software 8.2 The Basic Features of an Operating System Utility Programs Program uninstaller File compression utility 8.2 The Basic Features of an Operating System Utility Programs Disk scanning program Disk defragmenter 8.2 The Basic Features of an Operating System Utility Programs Disk scanning program Disk defragmenter 8.3 Common Operating Systems Types of operating systems Network operating system Run on network servers that provide Centralized storage facilities Peripheral devices sharing services Communications capabilities for computers Example Unix MS Windows NT MS Windows Server 2003 Linux 8.3 Common Operating Systems Types of operating systems Desktop operating system Run on standalone notebook computers and desktops Examples DOS MS Windows 98 MS Windows ME MS Windows XP Mobile operating system Run on PDA, wireless communications devices and small computing devices Examples Palm OS MS Windows Mobile 8.3 Common Operating Systems Disk Operating System (DOS) Single-user, single-tasking desktop OS Command-line user interface Replaced by GUI OS: Microsoft Windows DOS, with command-line user interface 8.3 Common Operating Systems Microsoft Windows First generation of Windows Not real OS Provide GUI operating environments running on top of DOS Windows 1.0 Windows 2.0 8.3 Common Operating Systems Microsoft Windows First generation of Windows Windows 3.0 Windows 3.1 8.3 Common Operating Systems Microsoft Windows Later versions of Windows A family of single-user, multi-tasking OS with GUI Have become the most popular OS for the personal computer Desktop OS Windows 95, 98, NT Workstation, XP Network OS Windows NT Server, Server 2000, Server 2003 8.3 Common Operating Systems Microsoft Windows Later versions of Windows Windows 98 Windows Server 2003 8.3 Common Operating Systems Macintosh Operating System (Mac OS) Single-user, multi-tasking desktop OS Specially designed for Macintosh computers Set the standard for a successful and easyto-use GUI Has sophisticated graphic capabilities iMac, a Macintosh computer 8.3 Common Operating Systems Macintosh Operating System (Mac OS) Mac OS X • Latest release of Mac OS • Unix-based core • Supports multitasking and multiprocessing 8.3 Common Operating Systems Unix Multi-user, multi-tasking network OS Two interfaces Command-line user interface Graphical user interface 8.3 Common Operating Systems Unix Advantages Handle a high volume of transactions in multi-user environment Supports servers with multi-processors Disadvantages Lacks interoperability across platforms 8.3 Common Operating Systems Linux Features Unix-like OS for PCs Multi-user and multi-tasking network OS Open-source – source code can be viewed, modified and redistributed freely Getting Linux Free download Linux distributions from Red Hat and Mandrake 8.3 Common Operating Systems Linux Linux console (command-line user interface) Linux console (graphical user interface) 8.3 Common Operating Systems Palm OS and MS Windows Mobile Single-user, multi-tasking mobile OS Specifically designed for PDAs and small computing devices GUI Have built-in handwriting recognition software for character input Support multimedia, networking and web browsing 8.3 Common Operating Systems Palm OS and MS Windows Mobile MS Windows Mobile Palm OS 8.3 Common Operating Systems Palm OS and MS Windows Mobile MS Windows Mobile Palm OS 8.4 Cross-platform Issues Cross-platform Refer to developing software for, or running software, on more than one type of operating platforms 8.4 Cross-platform Issues Machine-independent Programming Languages A machine independent language can run on different operating systems Example Java Runs on systems with Java Virtual Machine (JVM) software Each platform has it own JVM Write-once-run-anywhere technology Python Perl 8.4 Cross-platform Issues Markup Languages Uses tags to define appearance of documents Allows proper display of documents in a browser under different OS Example Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Extensible Markup Language (XML) 8.4 Cross-platform Issues Markup Languages Uses tags to define appearance of documents Allows proper display of documents in a browser under different OS Example Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Extensible Markup Language (XML)