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Scottish songs Bothy ballad • A Bothy ballad is a work song. • Strophic structure – uses same music for each verse. • Is sung by men. • Male soloist sings the verse. • Refrain is sung in unison. Waulking song • • • • • Waulking song is a work song. Sung by women (in gaelic) Verse sung by a soloist. Refrain/chorus sung by others in unison. Refrain made of vocal sounds (ho ri ho ro). • Sung A capella. Gaelic psalm • Gaelic psalms are sung a capella. • Solo singer known as a precentor starts before the congregation join in when they recognise the song. • Use of ornaments to decorate the melodies. Scots ballad • A Scots ballad is a song telling of an event. • Slow and relaxed in style. • Usually fairly long. • Can be sung by male or female voices. Mouth music • Mouth music has a strong rhythmic pulse. • Has sounds to fit the music rather than words. • Was used to dance to. • Replaced traditional instruments. Scottish instruments and groups Bagpipes • Although associated with Scottish music they are used all over the world. • Highland bagpipes commonly used in pipe bands. • Drones are the accompaniment. • Chanter plays the melody. • Ornaments used to decorate the melody (grace notes). • Pibroch is a long bagpipe piece with many variations (ornamented). Fiddle • The same instrument as a violin. • The style of playing and music played are what makes it different. • Often plays the melody. • Can play arco (with the bow). • Can play pizzicato (to pluck the strings). • Can play double stopping (more than one string). • Can play col legno (with the back/wood of the bow) Accordian • Can play melody and accompaniment. • Often used in a Scottish dance band. • Can play a vamp accompaniment. Bohdran • An Irish wooden drum, held in one hand and played with a wooden beater. • Used in folk music to add a beat. Clarsach • A small Scottish harp, used in folk music. • Clarsach is Gaelic for harp. Folk group • A group of two or more musicians who perform music in a traditional style, usually accompanied by guitars. Scottish dance band • A band which plays Scottish music for people to dance to. • Instruments used are usually fiddle, accordion, piano, guitar and drums. (There can be variation on which instruments are used). Celtic rock • A style of music that mixes Celtic folk music and rock together. Wolfstone Peatbog Faeries Dances and features in Scottish music Waltz • 3 beats in the bar. • The first beat of the bar is strongly accented. • The tempo can be fast or slow. • Used to dance a St. Bernards’ waltz at a ceilidh. • To learn more about a Waltz try playing the ‘Skye Boat Song’. Jig • Lively dance with a fairly fast tempo. • Is written in compound time. • Uses triplet rhythms. • To learn more about a Jig try playing ‘The Irish Washerwoman’. • You can tell it is a Jig by saying ‘jiggedy jiggedy’ or ‘strawberry strawberry’ with the music. Reel • A lively dance with a fast tempo. • In simple time. • To learn more about a Reel try playing ‘Soldiers Joy’. • You can tell it is a Reel by saying ‘really simple really simple’ with the music. Strathspey • Has a steady tempo. • Uses a scotch snap. • Sometimes uses triplets at the end of an 8 bar phrase. • In simple time. • To learn more about a Strathspey try playing ‘Highland Whisky’. March • Has a steady tempo – at marching speed. • Accented beats on 1 and 3. • To learn more about a March try playing ‘Scotland the brave’. Features • • • • • • • Pentatonic scale Drone Vamp Grace notes Scotch snap Pibroch Celtic rock. • • • • • • • A five-note scale. Much Celtic and Folk music uses this scale. ie GABDE One note held on or repeated in the bass. A rhythmic accompaniment with a bass note played on the beat and a chord off the beat. Usually played on piano or guitar. A type of ornament played as a quick, crushed note before the main note of a melody. A very short accented note before a longer note. A feature of Strathspeys. Music for solo bagpipe, in theme and variation form, and with grace notes. A style of music that mixes Celtic folk music and rock together. Your challenge! • Use garage band to create your own style of ‘Celtic rock’. Use built in sounds and loops etc include a drone, pentatonic scale, ornaments, melody and counter melody. • Improve performing skills through playing/singing various Scottish songs/dances. • Create a pod cast on dances, songs or ‘celtic rock’. • Perform a group performance of ‘Caledonia’. • Be able to identify different Scottish songs and dances. Caledonia • Listen to the following versions of Caledonia. • Dougie MacLean • Paulo Nutini • Simple Minds and Frankie Miller • Amy MacDonald