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Figure 7.1
Page 111
Slide 1
1) Water is split by light energy. Oxygen
escapes. Coenzymes pick up electrons, H+.
Carbon
dioxide,
water are
required
Carbon
dioxide,
water are
released
2) ATP energy drives synthesis
of glucose from hydrogen and electrons,
plus carbon and oxygen (from CO2).
Oxygen is
released
1) Glucose is degraded to CO2 and water.
Coenzymes pick up electrons, hydrogen.
Oxygen
is
required
2) Coenzymes give up electrons,
hydrogen to oxygen-requiring transfer
chains that release energy to drive ATP
formation.
ATP is available to drive cellular tasks
Figure 7.2
Page 112
Slide 2
12H2O + 6CO2
Water Carbon
Dioxide
6O2 + C2H12O6 + 6H2O
Oxygen Glucose Water
In-text figure
Page 115
Slide 3
upper leaf surface
photosynthetic cells
(see next slide)
Cutaway section of leaf
Stepped Art
Figure 7.3b,c
Page 116
Slide 4
two outer
membranes
inner membrane
system
(thylakoids connected by
channels)
stroma
channel
stacked part of
thylakoid membrane
(see next slide)
Stepped Art
Figure 7.3d,e
Page 116
Slide 5
SUNLIGHT
compartment inside a thylakoid
O
H+
H2O
H+
H+
H+
e–
NADP+ NADPH
H+
ATP
ADP + Pi
H+
Light-Independent Reactions
CO2
H2O
P glucose
carbohydrate end product
(e.g., sucrose, starch, cellulose)
Figure 7.3f
Page 117
Slide 6
Reactants
Products
12H2O
6O2
6CO2
C6H12O6
6H2O
Stepped Art
In-text figure
Page 116
Slide 7
sunlight
water uptake
carbon dioxide uptake
ATP
LIGHT
DEPENDENT
REACTIONS
ADP + Pi
NADPH
LIGHT
INDEPENDENT
REACTIONS
NAD+
P
oxygen release
glucose
new water
In-text figure
Page 117
Slide 8
energy
input
from sun
Photoautotrophs
(plants, other producers)
nutrient
cycling
Heterotrophs
(consumers, decomposers)
energy output
(mainly heat)
Figure 7.4
Page 118
Slide 9
Low energy wavelength
High energy wavelength
In-text figure
Page 118
Slide 10
Wavelength of light (nanometers)
Figure 7.5a
Page 118
Slide 11
chlorophyll b
wavelengths (nanometers)
percent of wavelengths absorbed
percent of wavelengths absorbed
chlorophyll a
beta-carotene
phycoerythrin
(a phycobilin)
wavelengths (nanometers)
Figure 7.6a,b
Page 119
Slide 12
(combined absorption
efficiency across entire
visible spectrum)
chlorophyll b
chlorophyll a
chlorophyll a
carotenoids
chlorophyll b
phycoerythrin phycoerythrin
(a phycobilin) (a phycobilin)
Figure 7.6c
Page 119
Slide 13
Chlorophyll a
Beta-carotene
Figure 7.7
Page 120
Slide 14
water-splitting complex
H2O
thylakoid compartment
2H +
1/2O2
P680
acceptor
PHOTOSYSTEM II
(light green)
P700
pool of
electron
carriers
acceptor
stroma
PHOTOSYSTEM I
(light green)
Figure 7.10
Page 121
Slide 15
incoming light
reaction center
PHOTOSYSTEM
Figure 7.11
Page 122
Slide 16
electron
acceptor
e–
electron
transfer
chain
e–
e–
e–
ATP
Electron flow through transfer
chain sets up conditions for ATP
formation at other membrane sites.
Figure 7.12
Page 122
Slide 17
sunlight
THYLAKOID COMPARTMENT
H2O
photolysis
second electron
transfer chain
e–
e–
first electron
transfer chain
PHOTOSYSTEM II
NADP+
PHOTOSYSTEM I
ATP SYNTHASE
NADPH
ADP
+ Pi
ATP
STROMA
Figure 7.13a
Page 123
Slide 18
Potential to transfer energy (voids)
second
transfer
chain
e–
first
transfer
chain
e–
e–
NADPH
e–
(Photosystem I)
(Photosystem II)
H2O
1/2 O2 + 2H+
Figure 7.13b
Page 123
Slide 19
Photolysis in the
thylakoid
compartment splits
water
H2O
e–
H+ is shunted across
membrane by some
components of
the first electron
transfer chain
Gradients propel H+
through ATP synthases;
ATP forms by
phosphate-group
transfer
acceptor
ATP SYNTHASE
PHOTOSYSTEM II
ADP
+ Pi
ATP
Stepped Art
Figure 7.15
Page 124
Slide 20
6
CO2
CARBON
FIXATION
6
unstable intermediate
6
RuBP
12
PGA
6 ADP
CALVINBENSON
CYCLE
6 ATP
12 ATP
12 NADPH
4 Pi
12 ADP
12 Pi
12 NADP+
10
PGAL
12
PGAL
2
Pi
PP
glucose
PGAL
Stepped Art
Figure 7.16
Page 125
Slide 21
Leaf cross-section from C3 plant
upper epidermis
palisade mesophyll
spongy mesophyll
lower epidermis
air space
stoma
vein
Do not post
on Internet
Figure 7.17a
Page 126
Slide 22
Stomata closed: CO2 can’t
get in; O2 can’t get out
X
Rubisco binds oxygen,
not carbon dioxide
RUBP
6 PGA + 6 glycolate
Calvin-Benson
Cycle
5 PGAL
6 PGAL
1 PGAL
6 CO2
+ water
Twelve turns of the cycle required to
make one 8-carbon sugar
Photorespiration in a C3 plant
Figure 7.18a
Page 127
Slide 23
Leaf cross-section from C4 plant
upper epidermis
mesophyll
bundle-sheath cell
lower epidermis
vein
stoma (with air space above)
Do not post
on Internet
Figure 7.17b
Page 126
Slide 24
Stomata closed: CO2 can’t
get in; O2 can’t get out
C4 carbon fixation
X
mesophyll cell
PEP
oxaloacetate
C4 cycle
malate
bundle-sheath
cell
RuBP
pyruvate
CO2
Calvin-Benson
Cycle
12 PGA
10 PGAL
2 PGAL
1 sugar
12 PGAL
Figure 7.18b
Page 127
Slide 25
CO2 uptake at night
only
C4 cycle operates
at night when
stomata are open
CO2 that
accumulated
during night is
used during day
for C3 cycle in
same cell
C4 cycle
Calvin-Benson
Cycle
1 sugar
CAM plant
Figure 7.19
Page 127
Slide 26