Download Chp 4

Take Five
 What
is culture? Give an example.
 What is the difference between
culture & society or ethnicity?
Unit #1
Chp 4: Human Geography:
People & Places
The elements of culture
 Culture:
the knowledge, attitudes,
and behaviors shared by a group of
people and passed on to another
generation
 Society: a group that shares a
geographic region, sense of identity
and culture
 Ethnic group: a group of people that
have common language, customs &
heritage
How can a culture be shared or
spread?
Innovations—taking resources or other
technologies and turning it into something
new
 Diffusion—spread of ideas and inventions
 Cultural hearth—site where innovative
technique emerged
 Acculturation—when a society changes
when it adopts an innovation from another
society

Wally Points…
 What
is an example of diffusion
today?
 What is an example of acculturation
today?
Languages
 Languages
help to identify a group of
people in a culture
 There are 3,000-6,500 language
spoken world wide
 All languages have been categorized
into different language families
 Versions of languages are known as
dialects
Language Families
Take Five
 (1-2)Using
the graph of pg 74
answer the skill builder questions.
 (3) Name 5 different dialects.
The Role of Religion in Culture
 Religion
is defined as a belief in a
supernatural power or powers that
are regarded as the creators and
maintainers of the universe
– Monotheistic—belief in 1 god
– Polytheistic—belief in many gods
– Animistic—belief in nature gods (sun,
moon, river etc)
Major World Religions
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Judaism—the oldest monotheistic religion,
established approx. 3,200 years ago, beliefs are
written in the Torah
Christianity—evolved from the teachings of
Judaism around 2,000 years ago. Based on the
teachings of Jesus Christ and spread through
disciples (followers of Christ) and missionaries.
Beliefs are written in the Bible. Worship 1 God.
Islam—Based on the teachings of the Prophet
Muhammad. Began around 613 AD. Monotheistic
and worship Allah. Beliefs written in the Koran
(Qur’an)—divisions: Sunni & Shiite
Hinduism--
Religions of the World
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World Religions
Christianity: 2 billion
Islam: 1.3 billion
Hinduism: 900 million
Secular/Nonreligious/Agnostic/Atheist: 850 million
Buddhism: 360 million
Chinese traditional religion: 225 million
primal-indigenous: 150 million
African Traditional & Diaspora: 95 million
Sikhism: 23 million
Juche: 19 million
Spiritism: 14 million
Judaism: 14 million
Baha'i: 6 million
Jainism: 4 million
Shinto: 4 million
Cao Dai: 3 million
Tenrikyo: 2.4 million
Neo-Paganism: 1 million
Unitarian-Universalism: 800 thousand
Rastafarianism: 700 thousand
Scientology: 600 thousand
Zoroastrianism: 150 thousand
Populations of the World
Section 2: Population Geography
 Population
geographers study birth
rates, fertility rates, mortality rates,
infant-mortality rates, and other
statistics
 In order to replace the current rates
of population, our fertility rates
would need to be 2.1—today the
average rate is 3.0
Wally Points…
 What
factors have caused our
population to reach over 6 billion?
 In 2000, which areas had the highest
and lowest birth rates? P 78
 How is the rate of natural increase
determined? P 79
Population Pyramid
Population Distribution
2/3’s of the world’s population live
between 200 N and 600N
 ½ are living in rural areas
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– Push-pull factors
 Reasons
another
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why people leave one area in favor of
There are 2 megacities
– Tokyo 28 million people
– Population density—estimated 80% will live in
urban areas by 2080
Tokyo
Wally Points…
 Are
more skyscrapers the answer for
megacities? Why or why not?
 What about natural disasters?
Section 3: Political geography
State-an area (country)
that governs its own internal
and external affairs
independent of another
 Nation-a group of people with a common
culture living in a territory and having a
strong sense of unity
 Nation-state-a country and group occupy
the same territory
 Stateless nation-when a group of people
do not have a territory
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Types of Government
 Democracy
 Monarchy
– Theocracy
 Dictatorship
 Socialism
 Communism
Geographic Characteristics of a
Nation
 Size,
shape and relative location
 National boundaries—based on
physical land features
– Landlocked countries
 Artificial
boundaries—lines of latitude
and longitude, but basically invisible
Section 4: Urban Geography—the
study of how people use space in cities
 Cities,
metropolitan areas, suburbs
– Geographers study land use patterns
(i.e. residential, industrial or
commercial)
 Trend
towards urbanization
– Shopping, entertainment, government
facilities, cultural events, public parks
– Mass transit: trains, trolleys, buses,
taxi, subways etc
– Problems…
Not so far fetched “skyscraper
farms” & cities within skyscrapers
Section 5: Economic Geography-production
and exchange of goods and services among
a group of people
 Types of economic systems:
– Traditional economy—barter system
– Command economy-economy
determined by the central government
– Market economy-free enterprise—
capitalism
– Mixed economy-combination of
command and market
Wally Points…
Which of the following levels of economic
activity most closely describes the US
economy?
 Primary activities-the gathering of raw
materials
 Secondary activities-manufacturing of raw
materials into a finished product
 Tertiary activities-providing business or
professional services
 Quaternary activities-provide information,
management and research services
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Natural Resources
 Renewable-can
be replaced through
natural processes
 Non-renewable-cannot be replaced
or very slow to replace
 Inexhaustible energy sources-sun,
geothermal heat, winds and tides
What does GNP refer to?
 Per
capita income—average amount
of money earned by each person in a
political unit
 Gross National Product—total value
of goods and services produced by a
country in a year
 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)—
goods and services produced within a
country in a year
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Georgia places ranked by per capita income
Skidaway Island, Georgia – $63,851
Vernonburg, Georgia – $49,391
Daisy, Georgia – $47,166
Sandy Springs, Georgia – $45,494
Vinings, Georgia – $45,068
Dunwoody, Georgia – $43,523
Berkeley Lake, Georgia – $43,439
Avondale Estates, Georgia – $42,605
Woolsey, Georgia – $42,177
Alpharetta, Georgia – $39,432
World GDP
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1United States 14,264,600
2 Japan 4,923,761
3 People's Republic of China 4,401,614
4 Germany 3,667,513
5 France 2,865,737
6 United Kingdom 2,674,085
7 Italy 2,313,893
8 Russia 1,676,586
9 Spain 1,611,767
10 Brazil 1,572,839