Download WHPP Unit 6 Section 6 The Cold War Begins

Unit 6 Section 6
The Cold War Begins
TYWL: Global interaction may be caused by conflict. / Forces of
imperialism, nationalism, militarism and geo-political alliances,
taken to the extreme, can lead to international conflicts. /
Nationalism and the quest for power are often underlying
causes for war. / Conflict occurs when compromise over land,
national identity and colonial possessions is no longer an
option between those in authority and those they serve. /
Question of the Day
What was the Manhattan Project?
a.
the Allied plan to assassinate Hitler
b. the U.S. project to develop the atomic
bomb
c.
the German strategy to conquer the
United States
d. the Japanese plot to invade the United
States
Soviet Union and America Clash
• Following end of World War 2, US and Soviet
Union clash – The Cold War
• Two most powerful nations following war
• Different goals and aims for Europe
• Soviets occupy Eastern European nations at
end of war
• See these satellite nations as a “buffer”
between Soviet Union and Germany
1
Satellite Nations
• Countries of Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Romania, Poland
• Soviets installed communist governments in
these nations
• Churchill coins phrase “The Iron Curtain”Division of Europe between communist
governments in the East and democracies in
the West
3
4
Containment
• Proposed by US Diplomat George Kennan
• Theory of how the US should deal with the
Soviet Union
• Containment – taking measures to prevent
any spread of communist rule into other
countries. Spread of communism must be
stopped.
• Shapes US foreign policy for almost 40 years
Truman Doctrine
• Conflict between US
and Soviet Union
becomes known as the
Cold War
• Lasts from 1945 – 1991
• Political tension,
military rivalry that
stops just short of
actual war
• Truman Doctrine is
developed
• Truman’s plan to stop
spread of communism
• Provide aid to any
nation trying to resist
communism
• Greece and Turkey were
first to get aid - $400
million in funds
Marshall Plan
• Western Europe in chaos after the war
• 1947, refugees, severe weather, food
shortages, danger of communism creeping in
• Marshall Plan – US will provide aid to rebuild
Europe – humanitarian and political reasons
• Great success – 16 nations receive $13 billion
in aid
Tensions in Berlin
• Post war – Germany is
divided. Allies control
West, Soviets control
East
• Capital city of Berlin is
also split, but, the city is
in East Germany
• Stalin wants control of
Berlin; sets up blockade
to try and force
Americans to abandon
city – June, 1948
2
Berlin Airlift
• Access to Berlin had not been guaranteed in
agreement – 1st crisis of the Cold War
• US decides to deliver supplies and food to city
by plane rather than back down
• 327 days, 277,000 flights, 2.3 million tons of
supplies delivered
• May, 1949, Soviets lifts blockade
• Early Cold War victory for US
Formation of NATO
• May, 1949, West Germany officially becomes a
new nation
• Soviet actions in Berlin worry US and Western
Europe
• April 4, 1949, US and its allies form NATO –
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Defensive alliance against Soviet Union
• Soviet’s answer, Warsaw Pact, forms in 1955
1.
2.
3.
4.
From www.nationalarchives.gov.uk
http://www.pbs.org
http://apus-06-07.wikispaces.com
. http://mrboskosroom.weebly.com