Download Injury management

Unit 7
Injury Management
Soft Tissue Injuries
• Abrasion
• Scrapping away of outer layer of skin
• Avulsion
• Tearing or pulling away a part of a
structure
• Laceration
• Jagged, irregular cut
• Contusion
• A bruise
Soft Tissue Injury Treatment
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Clean area with soap and water
Apply antibiotic cream
Apply sterile bandage
Watch for infection
Treatment:
Severed or Amputated
• Wrap severed part in sterile
gauze
• Put in plastic bag
• Put plastic bag on ice
• Send severed part with victim to
hospital
Deep Lacerations
• Apply steri-strips or butterfly dressing
• Cover with sterile dressing
• Stitches?
• Longer 1 inch
• Deep cut into dermis
• Edges that do not close with steri-strip
or butterfly dressing
• Uneven edges
• Best to get stitches within 6-8 hours to
decrease scarring and infection
• Facial best to get stitches within 4
hours
BITES
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Wash with soap and water
Cover with sterile dressing
Apply antibiotic ointment
Apply Ice
• Never apply ice with snakebites
• Stimulates the spread of the venom
• Complications
• Poisonous
• Minimize movement
• Seek medical attention
• Infection
• Seek medical attention
BLISTERS
• Caused by the skin rubbing against a
hard or rough surface resulting in the
layers of the skin to separate
• Feel a “hot spot”
• Treatment:
• Leave in tact
• Popping blister leaves open skin
susceptible for infection
• If blister is torn, keep clean and
cover with moleskin or second skin.
STINGS
• Treatment
• Look for stinger
• If stinger present scrape away from skin
with finger nail or edge of a plastic card
• Never use tweezers to remove
stinger- squeezing the stinger will
release venom into body
• Wash area with soap water
• Cover with sterile dressing
• Apply Ice
• Watch for allergic reaction
ALLERGIC REACTIONS
• Caused by insect stings, food,
other allergens
• Known as Anaphylactic shock
• Cause serious life-threatening
breathing emergencies
• Air passages swell and restrict
breathing
• S/S= rash, tightness in chest,
swelling of face and tongue,
dizzy, confused
• Use of Epi-pen is necessary
treatment
ALLERGIC REACTION
• HITCH
SKIN CONDITIONS
• Caused by a fungus, virus, bacteria or
parasite
• Common in sports such as wrestling, but
can occur in any individual
FUNGUS
• Tinea= superficial fungal infection
• Thrive in Moist, warm, dark
environments.
• Treatment
• Anti fungul creams or sprays.
Sometimes needs an anti-fungal
oral medication
• Common types in athletics
• Tinea corpis, Tinea cruris and
Tinea Pedis
Tinea Corporis- Ringworm
• Common in wrestling
• AKA- Tinea Gladiatroum
• Lesions have a ring-like eruption with red
or brown plaques with raised border
• Appear on scalp, trunk and upper and
lower extremities
• Spread by skin to skin contact
Tinea infections…
Tinea cruris
• Jock Itch
• Rash, scaling small
papules in groin and
medical thigh area
Tinea Pedis
• Athletes foot
• Redness, scaling, cracking
and itching
• Soles of feet and inbetween toe
Bacterial Infections in Sports
• Impetigo
• Pustules that
become
crusted and
rupture
• Highly
contagious with
skin to skin
contact
• Treated with
oral anti-biotic
Bacteria Infections
• MRSA
• Caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria
or “staph”
• Start as red bumps and quickly turn into
deep painful abscesses
• Can penetrate into blood stream,
potentially causing life-threatening
infections to body systems
• Treatment
• Antibiotics & Draining abscesses
Common Viral Infection in Sports
• Warts
• Verruca
vulgaris
• Small tumors
with dark
centers
• May appear
anywhere on
body
• Treatment
• Cryosurgery
• Salicylic acid
Verruca Plantaris
Plantar warts
• Develop on sole of foot
• Pinpoint black spots
• Can be protected with donutshaped pad to relieve
pressure
Eczema
• Itchy red rash
• Caused by
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Allergies
Stress
Temperature
Drug reaction
Scratching
Sun exposure
• Treatment
• Corticosteroid
Lotions and
ointments
• Antihistamines
• Lotions to
hydrate skin
BLEEDING
• Arterial Bleeding
• Bright red and spurts
• Hard to stop and life-threatening
• Venous Bleeding
• Dark red and steady flow
• Easier to control
• Capillary Bleeding
• Slow and steady
• Greater chance of infection
• 10% loss of blood volume may be
critical
Controlling External Bleeding
• Apply direct
pressure with
sterile dressing
• Cover with a
roller
bandage
• Bleeding does
not stop
• Additional dressing
• Minimize shock
• Call 911
Internal Bleeding
• What do you do?
• CALL 911
Immediately!!
• DO not give
anything to eat or
drink
• Life threatening Death will be the
outcome without
QUICK advanced
medical care!
Internal Bleeding
Signs and Symptoms
• Tender, swollen,
hard areas
• Rapid, weak
pulse
• Skin cool, pale,
moist
• Vomit blood
• Excessive thirst
• Confusion
• LOC
SHOCK
• Life-threatening condition when there is
not enough blood being delivered to vital
organs
• SIGNALS:
• Restless or altered level of
consciousness
• Rapid breathing or pulse
• Pale, ashen, cool, moist skin
• Thirsty
Treatment for SHOCK
• Call 911 and monitor ABC’s and
vital signs, treat conditions
• Elevate legs 12 inches
• Keep person comfortable
• DO NOT give person anything to
eat or drink
Abdominal Injuries
• Ruptured
Spleen
• Located ULQ
• Caused by blow
to abdomen
• S/S = rigid
abdomen,
nausea, vomiting
and possible
signs of shock
• Khers sign
• Left shoulder
and arm pain
• Can cause
profuse
hemorrhaging
and death
Abdominal Injuries
• Appendicitis
• Located RLQ
• Caused by
bacterial infection
from an
obstruction
• Mild to severe
cramping, nausea,
vomiting and low
fever, RLQ pain
• Surgery required
Abdominal Injuries
• HERNIA
• Protrusion of
abdominal viscera
through abdominal
wall
• Common in groininguinal hernia
• Superficial protrusion
may be observed,
pain is increased by
sudden movements,
coughing or sneezing
• Surgery required
SPLINTING
• Only if the person must be moved
• In the position you find it
• Joints above and below must be immobile
- SNUG
• Check circulation before and after
(warmth, color)
• Only if you can do without causing more
pain
Head, Neck and Back Injuries
• Biggest Concern?
• Paralysis if moved
• Signal of One?
• Change in conscious
• Numbness or tingling or loss of
movement
• Complain pain or point tenderness on
cervical spine
• Care for?
• MINIMIZE MOVEMENT
• Provide in-line stabilization
What if athlete is wearing a helmet?
• Do not remove
• IF need to gain access to airway use
appropriate equipment to minimize
movement of spine
Care for Medical Conditions
• Seizure
• Protect from
injury
• Do not put
anything in
mouth
• Do not hold
down
• Faints
• Lay down &
elevate legs
Care for Medical Conditions
• Diabetic (Too
much or little
sugar in person’s
blood)
• Give sugar if
conscious
• Asthma
• Help administer
inhaler
Heat Illnesses
• Normally
progress in
severity
• Heat cramps
• Heat
exhaustion
• Heat Stroke
• Caused by
combination of
strenuous
activity and
hot/humid
weather
• Fluid
imbalances
Heat Cramps
• Result from fluid
volume problem
• Can be prevented
by drinking water
before and
throughout
activity
• Stretch the
affected muscle
slowley
Heat Illnesses
• Heat
exhaustion
• Heat stroke
• Profuse
sweating
• Red, flushed dry
skin, irritable,
aggressive
• Pale skin
• Headache
• Nausea
• Dizzy, weak
• Dizzy
• Sweat
mechanism shut
off
• Headache
• Altered LOC
• Most serious
heat conditioncall 911
Treatment of Heat Illnesses
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Move victim to cool place
Give cool water - small amounts if conscious
Immerse in cold water or use ice towels
Fan, sponge off
Loosen clothing
Victim not improve or won’t drink= call 911
Cold-Related Illnesses
• Frostbite
• Lack of feeling
• Skin appears
white & waxy
• Skin cold to
touch
• Hypothermia
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Shivering
Numbness
Glassy Stare
Decrease LOC
Weakness
Impaired
Judgement
Treatment for Cold related illnesses
• Gently& SLOWLY warm victim
• Warm too quickly can a cause
heart arrhythmias
• Check ABC’s
• Remove wet clothing and cover with
blankets
• Handle carefully
• Frostbite
• Soak in warm water
• Cover - DO NOT RUB