Download U5P2 Vitamins, minerals and water

Vitamins, Minerals and
Water
Objectives
Identify the two main classes of
vitamins
List seven minerals your body
needs in significant amounts
Explain why water is so important
to your body
Vocabulary
• VitaminA nutrient that is made by living things, is required in
small amounts, and assists in chemical reactions in
the body
• AntioxidantA vitamin that helps protect healthy cells from the
damage caused by the normal aging process as well
as from certain types of cancer
• MineralA nutrient that occurs naturally in rocks or soil, needed
by the body in small amounts
• Anemia
A condition in which the red blood cells do not contain
enough hemoglobin
• Homeostasis
The process of maintaining a steady state inside the
body
• Electrolyte
A dissolved substance that regulates many processes in
cells
• Dehydration
A serious reduction in the body’s water content
Vitamins
 Unlike carbs, fats and proteins; vitamins do
not directly provide you with energy or the
raw materials of which your cells are made
 Vitamins help the body with various
processes, including the use of other
nutrients
 Vitamins play roles in chemical reactions in
the body. example; vitamin K helps your
blood clot when you get a cut or a scrape
 Your body is able to make some vitamins
 Example; your skin manufactures
vitamin D when it is exposed to sunlight
 However, most vitamins must be
supplied in the food you eat
 2 classes of vitamins: Fat-soluble
vitamins (which dissolve in fatty
materials) and water-soluble vitamins
(which dissolve in water).
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
(Can be stored by the body)
• Vitamin A – Found in: Liver; eggs; cheese; milk;
yellow, orange and dark green vegetables and fruit
• Vitamin D- Found in: Milk; eggs; liver; exposure of
skin to sunlight
• Vitamin E- Found in: Margarine; vegetable oils; wheat
germs; whole grains; legumes; green, leafy vegetables
• Vitamin K- Found in: Green, leafy vegetables;
potatoes; liver; made by intestinal bacteria
Fat-Soluble Vitamin Functions
• Vitamin A- Maintains healthy skin, bones,
teeth and hair; aids vision in dim light
• Vitamin D- maintains bones and teeth;
helps in the use of calcium and
phosphorus
• Vitamin E- Aids in maintenance of red
blood cells, vitamin A, and fats
• Vitamin K- Aids in blood clotting
Water Soluble Vitamins
(Cannot be stored by the body)
Therefore, it is important to eat foods that supply them every day
• Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) – pork products; liver; wholegrain foods; legumes
• Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) – Milk; eggs; meat; whole
grains; dark green vegetables
• Vitamin B3 (Niacin) – Poultry; meat; fish; whole
grains; nuts
• Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) – meat; poultry; fish;
whole-grain foods; green vegetables
• Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) – meat; fish; poultry; eggs;
milk; cheese
• Pantothenic acid – organ meats; poultry; fish; eggs;
grains
• Folate (folic acid) – green, leafy vegetables; legumes
• Biotin- organ meats; poultry; fish; eggs; peas; bananas;
melons
• Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) – citrus fruits; green
vegetables; melons; potatoes; tomatoes
Water-Soluble Vitamin functions
• Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) – Aids in carbohydrate
use and nervous system function
• Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) – Aids in metabolism
of carbohydrates, proteins and fats
• Vitamin B3 (Niacin) – Aids in metabolism
• Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) – Aids in metabolism
of carbohydrates, proteins and fats
• Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) – Maintains
healthy nervous system and red blood cells
• Pantothenic acid – Aids in metabolism
• Folate (folic acid) – Aids in formation of red
blood cells and protein
• Biotin- Aids in metabolism
• Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) – Aids in bone,
teeth, and skin formations, resistance to
infection, iron uptake
The 7 minerals you NEED in
significant amounts
• Calcium
• Sodium
• Potassium
• Magnesium
• Phosphorus
• Chlorine
• Sulfur
Water
• About 65% of your body weight is water
• Water is essential for all life processes
• Almost all of the body’s chemical reactions take
place in a water solution
• Water is the primary component of blood and
tissue
• It carries dissolved waste products out of the body
and helps digest food
What roles does water play in homeostasis?
• Water regulates body temperature
• When you become overheated, your body
excretes perspiration, which cools your
body
• Water contains dissolved
substances called electrolytes that
regulate many processes in your
cells
Dehydration
• 2 causes of dehydration: very heavy
perspiring and severe diarrhea
• When the body is dehydrated it loses
important electrolytes along with the
water
• Symptoms: weakness, rapid breathing,
and a weak heartbeat
How much water?
• Females age 14-18: Everyday you need at least ten
8-ounce cups of water
• Males age 14-18: Everyday you need at least
fourteen 8-ounce cups of water
Foods that contain a lot of water: fruits and
vegetables or juices
Drinks that contain caffeine- may not be a good
source of water for your body