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Dickinson College Spring 2009
Chemistry 244: Equilibrium Systems
TR 9:00-10:15 – Stuart 1113
Lab: T 1:00-5:00 – Stuart 2117
Professor Sarah St. Angelo
Office: Stuart 1109
Required Text: Physical Chemistry 8th Ed.
by Peter Atkins and Julio de Paula,
W.H. Freeman Publishers, 2006
email: [email protected]
phone: x8957
Office hours: 10:15-11:15 am
Thursdays and by appointment
Course objectives
For you to…
1. understand and apply the laws of thermodynamics and kinetics.
2. understand the role that thermodynamics and kinetics play in chemical equilibrium.
3. understand how mathematics, models and approximations are used to explain chemical
phenomena and fundamental properties of matter.
4. use concepts of thermodynamics/kinetics/equilibrium to make predictions and give
explanations about chemical systems and fundamental properties of matter.
5. develop skills in making decisions in the lab, in data acquisition, and critical evaluation
of data.
6. refine notebook keeping and evaluation.
7. improve literature reading and understanding.
8. appreciate the role physical chemistry plays in chemical (physical, biological, etc.)
systems.
Student responsibilities:
1. Chemistry 141 is the only chemistry prerequisite for this course, and you are expected
know this material. There may be brief review of some topics; however, you are
encouraged to use your Chem 141 text or other general chemistry textbook for review on
your own as well.
2. The nature of this course material is such that it requires students to dedicate significant
time outside of class on reading, reviewing, and working problems. You should review
your lecture notes regularly and read (reread, re-reread) the associated sections of the
text. The greatest strides you make in learning this material will be when you review and
study regularly.
3. The material will be pitched at such a level as to require calculus. The calculus required,
however, is fairly basic, and most of it should have been covered in the first or second
semester of calculus. You may need to review your calculus text book on your own to
feel comfortable with the math. Your comfort with algebra and the determination of
significant figures is expected.
4. You should talk to me if you have any concerns. Please send me email or talk to me in
person if you have questions or need clarification on any matter.
Quizzes and Exams
There will be approximately 1 quiz per week. The quizzed material will be that covered during
the previous 1-2 class periods. They will be relatively basic (as compared to the exams) and will
be designed to test general understanding of the subject. If you miss a quiz, you may not make it
up.
1
There will be 3 exams during the semester, and these will be administered during normal class or
laboratory time. The final exam will be given during the time scheduled by the College. No
make-up exams will be given. If a serious illness (documented by the Health Center) or other
serious, unavoidable situation arises, the final exam may replace a missed mid-semester exam.
Please let me know as soon as possible if something will affect your ability to take the scheduled
exam. Oversleeping and interviews are not serious and unavoidable situations.
Grading
Your final grade will be comprised of the following:
Midterm exams: 3 exams at 150 points each (450 points); 45.0%
Quizzes: scaled to 50 points; 5.0%
Cumulative Final exam: 150 points; 15.0%
Attitude/Participation: 50 points; 5.0%
Laboratory Reports: scaled to 250 points; 25.0%
Laboratory Notebook: 50 points; 5.0%
Final letter grades (including +/-) will be assigned based on total points earned. The usual breaks
(i.e. 900 or 90.0% for As, 800 or 80.0% for Bs, etc.) will be used; however, scaling and minor
adjustments may be performed at my discretion.
Attendance
Please do not miss class. This class does not have a formal attendance policy, but keep in mind
that you may not make up missed quizzes/tests. If an extraordinary circumstance or illness arises,
please talk to me—preferably as early as possible (i.e. before you realize you’ve missed a week
and a half of class due to a mono infection…).
Lab Attendance is mandatory. Make up labs will not be provided. The penalty for missing 1 lab
is at the instructor’s discretion depending on the nature of the lab (1-week or 2-week experiment).
You will be responsible for completing a report, and its contents will be discussed on a case-bycase basis. Missing 2 lab meetings will result in a failing grade for the course. If an extreme
illness (as documented by the Health Center) or other serious situation (as determined by the
College) arises, I will be informed by College officials and will work with you to make up the lab
or resolve the situation.
Homework
While I will not collect assigned homework problems, I expect every student to attempt the
problems in a timely fashion. The only way to understand the material in an active way is to do
the homework. I will post answer keys on Blackboard. Try to do the problems before you look at
the answer key! Problems can appear to be easy if you have the answer in front of you, so use the
key as a last resort. The homework problems are meant to challenge and strengthen your
problem-solving skills.
Accommodation for Disabilities: In compliance with the Dickinson College policy and equal
access laws, I am available to discuss requests made by students with disabilities for academic
accommodations. Such requests must be verified in advance by the Coordinator of Disability
Services who will provide a signed copy of an accommodation letter which must be presented
to me prior to any accommodations being offered. Requests for academic accommodations
should be made during the first three weeks of the semester (except for unusual circumstances)
so that timely and appropriate arrangements can be made. Students requesting accommodations
are required to register with Disability Services, located in Academic Advising, first floor of
2
Biddle House (contact ext. 1080 or [email protected]) to verify their eligibility for
reasonable and appropriate accommodations.
It is your responsibility to remind me at appropriate times if you need legitimate academic (or
other) accommodation. Last minute requests may not be possible to accommodate, so please be
reasonable!
Course Schedule
The schedule below is tentative—I may add or delete material at any time and change the
schedule accordingly. I will announce any changes in class and/or post them on Blackboard.
Week
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
19Jan09
26Jan09
02Feb09
09Feb09
16Feb09
23Feb09
02Mar09
09Mar09
16Mar09
23Mar09
30Mar09
06Apr09
13Apr09
14
15
20Apr09
27Apr09
Topic(s)
Intro, properties of gases, First Law
Gases, First Law, work and heat
Work and Heat
2nd and 3rd Laws, Helmholtz and Gibbs
EXAM 1 17Feb09, Physical transformations
Transformations, phase diagrams
Simple mixtures, colligative properties
Spring Break
Solvent/solute activity, Phase diagrams
EXAM 2, 24Mar09, Chemical Equilibrium
Equilibrium, Kinetics
Rates of reaction, Integrated rate laws
Integrated rate laws, temperature dependence EXAM 3,
14Apr09
Elementary reactions, consecutive reactions
Molecular reaction dynamics, collision, diffusion
Chapter
1, 2 (21)
2, (21)
2
3
4
4
5
5,6
7
7, 21
(21), 22
22
22
24
Final Exam: Monday, 04May09 at 2 p.m.
(http://www.dickinson.edu/departments/reg/finalexam.htm)
Laboratory
We will meet in Stuart 2117 for a brief pre-lab prior to each lab period. Lab experiments will be
conducted in Stuart 2117. I will provide handouts on Blackboard prior to each lab. They will be
posted with adequate time for you to read prior to coming to lab. You should be able to answer
these basic questions at the beginning of each pre-lab:
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is the goal of this experiment?
What technique and/or instrument will be used to accomplish the goal?
What type of data will I collect? (Temperatures, masses, absorbance values?)
Is there any special handling or possibly dangerous chemical in the experiment?
The lab topics will correspond somewhat to material covered in lecture; however, in becoming a
scientist (chemist, biologist, biochemist, etc.), you should expect fewer ―cookbook‖ type labs and
more labs that require your progressively more independent thinking.
Usually, you will work in pairs for the completion of an experiment—some experiments are 1
week, and some are longer. Throughout the semester, you will rotate lab partners, and the lab
3
report for each experiment will be authored by the partnership. There will be a statement for you
and your lab partner to sign and attach to your lab report available on Blackboard. You are not
permitted to collaborate on the calculations or report with other students not in your partnership
for a given experiment. Please read the relevant sections of your Student Handbook for an
explanation of plagiarism and the associated penalties. The material to include in your lab reports
will be included in your lab handouts. Of course, if you are unclear about what to include, you
should ask!
Reports will typically be due 1 week after completion of the lab (due at the beginning of lab).
Late reports will be penalized at the rate of 10% for within 24 hours, 50% for after 24 hours to 1
week. No credit will be given for a report turned in after 1 week of its due date. If you do not put
the report in my hand or make a special arrangement with me, you must email it to me so the
time/date of receipt is recorded.
Lab notebooks will be required starting the second week. You should purchase a quadrille ruled
composition notebook at the Bookstore. Other types of notebook (i.e. spiral bound) are not
acceptable.
Lab Schedule, tentative
Week Topic(s)
1
Intro to lab and notebook, an expt with no procedure
2
Entropy of Urea
3
Entropy of Urea
4
Strain Energy of Cyclopropane Ring
Strain Energy of Cyclopropane Ring, redo or calc
5
6
Liquid-Liquid Phase Equilibrium
7
Gas Phase Equilibrium
8
No lab—Spring Break
9
Isomerization Equilibrium
Dissociation Kinetics
10
11
Dissociation Kinetics
12
Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Au Colloid Monolayer
Self-Assembly
Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Au Colloid Monolayer
13
Self-Assembly
14
Open for redo, calc
15
Final report due, lab clean up, evaluations, check out
4