Download Particles and Waves Revision

Particles and Waves
CfE Higher
WP 12 - Particles and Waves Revision
Data sheet will be required to complete this homework
1. a) Name the force which holds particles together in the nucleus of an
atom.
b) Some unstable nuclei break down (decay) by emitting beta particles.
Name the force associated with beta decay.
2. An electric field exists between 2
parallel plates, as shown. There is a
potential difference of 50V between the
50 V
plates.
a) What is meant by the term
‘potential difference’ ?
b) A negative charge of 0.04C is moved from the positive to the negative plate.
Calculate the work done on the charge.
c)
3. Rutherford investigated the structure of the atom by carrying out his gold foil
experiment.
State three conclusions that this experiment led to.
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(3)
4. An example of a nuclear decay equation is shown below:
218
84
214
Po
82
Pb
+
X
a) What kind of nuclear radiation is emitted?
b) What else could be emitted that is not given in the decay equation?
(1)
(1)
5. The following expression represents a nuclear reaction:
1
0
137
235
n
+
92
U
Ba
56
97
+
42
Mo
2
1
0
n
+
6
0
-1
e
The reaction involves the release of energy. The masses of the particles in the
reaction are given below:
 Mass of
Mass of
Mass of
Mass of
235
92
U
137
56
Ba
=
390.2 x 10-27 kg
= 227.3 x 10-27 kg
97
42
Mo = 160.9 x 10-27 kg
1
0
n
=
1.675 x 10-27 kg
The mass of electrons is negligible.
a) (i) Calculate the loss in mass which occurs during the reaction.
(ii) Find the energy released in the reaction.
b) The reaction shown above is a nuclear fission reaction.
(i) State the name of another type of nuclear reaction.
(ii) Describe the difference between these two types of reaction.
6.
(2)
(3)
(1)
(2)
Light from a laser is directed at a
grating and an interference
pattern produced on a screen.
The laser light has a wavelength
of 628 nm.
The grating has 100 lines per
millimetre.
a) What is the separation of the lines on the grating?
b) Show that the angle θ is 3.6o.
c) Which colour of light is emitted by the laser?
(1)
(3)
(1)
7. A photon of electromagnetic radiation, incident on the surface of a metal, may
cause an electron to be ejected from the metal surface. The table below gives
the minimum frequencies of radiation that can cause electrons to ne ejected
from different metals.
Metal
Threshold frequency, Hz
Zinc
1.04 x 1015
Sodium
5.43 x 1015
Potassium
4.83 x 1014
Gold
1.18 x 1015
a) What is the name given to this effect?
(1)
b) Calculate the minimum energy of a photon needed to eject an electron
from a gold surface.
(3)
c) (i) Show what metal from the table above, emits electrons when photons
of energy 3.50 x 10-19J are incident on it.
(3)
(ii) What is the maximum kinetic energy gained by an ejected electron
from this surface by a photon of energy 3.50 x 10-19J.
(2)
8. An astronomer measures the irradiance of light received from two identical
stars on the Earth’s surface.
Some of the data collected is shown in the table below:
star
A
B
Distance from Earth, x1018 m Irradiance of light, x10-2 Wm-2
1.0
6.40
4.0
Find the irradiance of star B on the earth’s surface.
(3)
9. a) Draw a diagram to represent four energy levels of an atom, labelling the
ground state, ionisation level and an excited state.
(3)
b) The diagram represents some energy levels in an atom of magnesium.
E3
E2
-1.62 x 10-19 J
-2.96 x 10-19 J
E1
-5.22 x 10-19 J
E0
-12.19 x 10-19 J
(i) How many transitions are possible in this energy level diagram?
(1)
(ii) Explain which transition produces radiation with the longest wavelength. (2)
(iii) An electron moves from energy level E2 to level E0, producing a photon.
Calculate the wavelength of the emitted photon.
(4)
10. a) The diagram opposite shows a ray of light travelling
from water to air.
o
30
air
(i) Calculate the refractive index of the water.
(ii) Calculate the speed of the light in water.
water
o
22
(3)
(3)
b)
air
glass
o
44
A ray of red light strikes a glass/air boundary
as shown. The critical angle for red light in
glass is 42o. State and give a reason why this
happens to the ray when it reaches the
boundary. A diagram may be included.
Total Marks = 54
(2)