Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
. VIVEKANANDHA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING FOR WOMEN ELAYAMPALAYAM, TIRUCHENGODE, NAMAKKAL DT. OMNIS/2 - Integrating Digital Libraries and Multimedia Databases SUBMITTED BY: C.RADHA(PRE-FINAL IT ) CONTACT MAIL ID: [email protected] 1 . Abstract Emerging multimedia applications like digital libraries and document management require new databases. Within the project OMNIS/2 we are integrating digital library systems and multimedia databases. The resulting system OMNIS/2 will have a couple of new features compared to today’s digital libraries, like additional storing and indexing of user-defined multimedia documents, automatic and personal linking concepts, annotations and personalization. One of our key features will be the linking concept. Although each full text document in a digital library contains bibliographic references, which are again stored in the same library system, it is not possible to simply click on them. Instead a new complex search query needs to be formulated. OMNIS/2 can also be used as a meta system, enhancing existing catalog or retrieval systems by these features. Then these legacy applications serve as a document storage layer, while OMNIS/2 forms the multimedia storage, linking and personalization layer. Thus, even mere retrieval systems - and today most digital library systems are mere retrieval systems - can be enriched to interactive multimedia DL-systems by OMNIS/2. Introduction A Multimedia Database Management System(MMDBMS) must support multimedia data types in addition to providing facilities for traditional DBMS functions like database creation, data modeling, data retrieval, data access and organization, and dataIndependence. The area and applications have experienced tremendous growth. Especially with the rapid development of network technology, multimedia database System gets more tremendous development and multimedia information exchange becomes very important. This paper reviews the history and the current state-of-the-art in MMDBMS. First generation multimedia database systems focused on kernel support For blobs (binary large objects), to efficiently store the sizeable objects. The second phase concerned techniques for annotation and linking media Objects. Most of this activity found itself a breeding ground in user interface research and multimedia authoring systems. The database merely contains textual annotations, made accessible efficiently using conventional information retrieval (IR) techniques. Still, multimedia objects remain non-interpreted with respect to retrieval. The third generation of multimedia database retrieval research focuses On effective techniques for indexing and retrieval by content. Contribution of this paper In this paper, we are integrating digital library systems and multimedia databases. The key scientific questions driving our research are: 2 . Information access: How to effectively satisfy a user's information need using the multimedia objects stored in a database, bridging the gap between the low-level internal representations of multimedia content and the high-level cognitive processes of the user. Data management: How to efficiently derive simple and complex multimedia features for widely distributed sources of raw material and making this available as an index for query resolution. The research contribution of our project lies in the integration of both aspects in single software architecture, focusing from the start on exibility, extensibility, as well as efficiency and scalability Motivation Existing digital library systems often contain large volumes of data and offer various retrieval methods ranging from recherché in catalog and meta data (like OPAC) to complex full text queries (like our previous OMNIS/1 system) or content based search queries. Quite often it would be a great benefit if the retrieved full text documents would be again automatically linked for instance by their bibliographic references or meaningful words. Furthermore, these systems cannot offer the possibility of adding annotations or personal documents, as they are only retrieval systems, denying any write access of users. This would be necessary though to move from today’s retrieval systems to interactive digital library systems, which offer a working environment, i.e. where it is possible to link digital library documents according to the users’ interests, to annotate the documents, to create a personalized view on them and to enhance them with your own (multimedia) documents or already existing ones. Features of the OMNIS/2 System Summarizing, OMNIS/2 holds the following new features compared to traditional digital library systems: – the integration of full text retrieval library systems and multimedia databases into a progressive, interactive, multimedia digital library system with the option of transparently including other systems (with often large collections of data) and even linking them. – A generic management of metadata, not only for its own documents, but also for any document of the additionally connected digital library systems. This is necessary in order to make use of modern filtering and retrieval techniques and also for the transparent linking and processing of documents beyond the boundaries of a single digital library system. – Automatic linking of documents inside of digital libraries and between documents of different digital library systems. Every retrieved article from a digital library system 3 . contains further bibliographic references which are mostly stored in the same digital library system. To retrieve these references the user usually has to initiate another search query, possibly with further restrictions, until the correct result is returned. – User defined, personalized links between documents. While working with retrieved digital documents, the user wants to follow personal relevant links to other documents in the same digital library system or to other systems to find relevant content. Links can be personalized according to single users, user groups, or topics of interest. This feature is often asked for by research groups who work with special library systems like VD17. – Personal annotations. Current library research systems lack the possibility of adding personal annotations to documents, as this would require write permission for all users of the digital library system. Annotations are helpful though to explore content for oneself or for a certain user group or to simply discuss a topic. Discussions require recursive annotations of variable scope. If various types of media annotations are possible, a user-friendly authoring tool and the integration of a multimedia database system for storage purposes are additionally required. Annotations are supported in newly developed media libraries and personal libraries, but not in catalog and research systems. – Adaptive personalization. Current digital library systems often miss a personalization feature which every user can feed with personal interests. This feature can on one hand be used with an existing pull-technology for an additional semantic filtering of information (e.g. to put queries into a context in order to eliminate ambiguities of the same word in different topics) or, on the other hand, as a push-technology to inform a user about new relevant incoming titles. The personalization feature should be adaptive to recognize shifts in the users’ interests, but it should also be a corporate tool to emulate recommendations. We include our GRAS algorithm (Gaussian Rating Adaption Schema) in OMNIS/2. The OMNIS/2 System Architecture OMNIS/2 is an integration of the digital library system OMNIS and the multimedia database system MultiMAP. The goal is to create a stand-alone, interactive digital multimedia library system. The full text retrieval capabilities of OMNIS and the storage capabilities of multimedia documents in MultiMAP including parts of the database scheme are incorporated into the OMNIS/2 system, which enables the user to interactively create, store and search for multimedia documents in digital libraries. These documents can be represented via an interface to the WWW. Documents, consisting of texts, tables, graphics, audio and video are then not only searchable by queries in descriptive data (like author, title, keywords, etc.) or by full text queries, but also by a much more powerful linking concept than the currently existing one in the WWW. Documents can be annotated with link anchors without changing or rewriting the original documents. This concept is supported by the Amsterdam Hypermedia Model which is used in OMNIS/2 as an extension of the Dexter Reference Model. This clearly separates the document layer (within-component layer) from the linkage layer (storage layer). In addition it is desirable to transparently include other existing digital library systems (catalog systems, full text systems or multimedia systems). The system is modeled 4 . as a three-tier architecture where the databases are separated from the web server in a layer of its own. There is no difference in the handling of local documents and the handling of results from connected external systems. This enables OMNIS/2 to search various other systems and to automatically link all documents, to annotate them, to extend them with multimedia components and to personalize them. The original documents themselves remain in the original database systems and are never modified. They are represented in the OMNIS/2 database simply by their address and meta data. The linking, including the anchor positions, is stored in OMNIS/2 exclusively and is included dynamically into the retrieved documents at run-time. In the same way documents can be annotated with userrelated, group-related or general annotations. These annotations can be multimedia annotations or even recursive annotations. To create user-defined multimedia documents or to enhance existing ones, OMNIS/2 is equipped with an easy to use authoring tool. In addition a concept for a personalization feature (GRAS algorithm) is available, which leads to a better filtering and a personal ranking of the results of the included digital library systems. It can also be used as a messaging system about new relevant incoming documents in the library. Both push and pull strategies are possible. The annotations and the data necessary for the personalization feature are stored in the OMNIS/2 database. These features allow two views on OMNIS/2. The ability to integrate various other systems gives OMNIS/2 the characteristics of a meta system. It is also possible to look at OMNIS/2 as a stand alone system since it offers features to create, store and search for its own multimedia documents. Implementation and Outlook The system is currently under development. The above is already built as a demonstrator with an XML coupling to the full text library system .Further improvements are on their way to turn the demonstrator into a full prototype. References Bay95a. R. Bayer. The digital library system omnis/myriad. In Proc. 18th Australasian Computer Science Conference (ACSC’95), page 5, Glenelg, Adelaide, South Australia, 1995. Bay95b. R. Bayer. Document management as a database problem. In Proc. of the 21st Int. Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB’95), pages 7–10, Zürich, 1995. BKH+99. R. Bayer, R. Kallenborn, H. Haddouti, W. Wohner, A. Mödl, R. Heinrich, and D. Nitsche. Integration of digital services for libraries. In First Russian National Conference on Digital Libraries: Advanced Methods And Technologies, Digital Collections., pages 46–51, Saint Petersburg, Russia, October 1999. BOWV95. C. Böhm, A. Oppitz, S. Wiesener, and P. Vogel. Prints of the 17th century in a distributed digital library system. In Norman Revell and A. Min Toja, editors, Proc. of the 6th Int. Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applicationss (DEXA’95), London, 1995. 5 . 6