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TERMS RELATING TO MUSCLES • Muscles attach to at least two bones. • Origin-the attachment of a muscle to the less movable bone. Usually near the axial skeleton. • Insertion-the attachment of a muscle to the more movable bone. Usually near the appendicular skeleton. • Action-the movement produced by a muscle. Movements at Muscles • Movements require at least two muscles that work together. • Prime Mover-the muscle that produces a desired action. This muscle contracts. • Antagonist-the muscle that relaxes during a muscle contraction. • Synergists-steady the movements of prime mover. (a) (b) (g) (f) (a) Circular (orbicularis oris) (c) (b) Convergent (pectoralis major) (e) (c) Parallel (sartorius) (d) (e) Bipennate (rectus femoris) (f) Fusiform (biceps brachii) (d) Unipennate (extensor digitorum longus) (g) Multipennate (deltoid) Head Temporalis Masseter Shoulder Trapezius Deltoid Arm Triceps brachii Biceps brachii Brachialis Forearm Pronator teres Brachioradialis Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Pelvis/thigh Iliopsoas Pectineus Thigh Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Leg Fibularis longus Extensor digitorum longus Tibialis anterior Facial Epicranius, frontal belly Orbicularis oculi Zygomaticus Orbicularis oris Neck Sternohyoid Platysma Sternocleidomastoid Thorax Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior Pectoralis major Intercostals Abdomen Rectus abdominis Internal oblique Transversus abdominis External oblique Thigh Tensor fasciae latae Sartorius Adductor longus Gracilis Leg Gastrocnemius Soleus Arm Triceps brachii Brachialis Forearm Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Iliotibial tract Leg Gastrocnemius Soleus Fibularis longus Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon Neck Epicranius, occipital belly Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Shoulder Deltoid Infraspinatus Teres major Rhomboid major Latissimus dorsi Hip Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Thigh Adductor magnus Hamstrings: Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus
