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Mesopotamian Civilization Chapter 1-Section 2 Mesopotamia’s Civilization What six elements make up a civilization: Civilizations are Civilizations are complex societies complex societies with: with: Cities Governments What six elements make up a civilization: Civilizations are Civilizations are complex societies complex societies with: with: Art Religion What six elements make up a civilization: Civilizations are Civilizations are complex societies complex societies with: with: Class Divisions Writing System Mesopotamia’s Civilization River Civilization Good farming conditions Easier to trade & travel Food source Tigris & Euphrates Two rivers in present-day Iraq where the Mesopotamian Civilization began “land between two rivers” River Flooding Frequent & unpredictable Controlled river with dams and channels Learned to irrigate fields Sumer Southern region of Mesopotamia where several cities began to form Cities were city-states Own governments Often fought with each other Built walls around for protection Sumerians Believed in many gods Most were farmers Each city-state had a ziggurat (grand temple) to honor the gods Some were artisans, merchants, and traders Citizens belonged to a class system Sumerian Class-System Upper Class Middle Class Kings, priests, government officials Artistans, merchants, fishers, farmers Lower Class slaves Mesopotamia – “Cradle of Civilization” influenced other areas with their ideas Sumerians – A Skilled People Developed a writing system called cuneiform Helps keep records Pass on ideas Produced the oldest known story The Epic of Gilgamesh Invented new technology Only a few people called scribes learned to write Wagon wheel, sailboat, plow, irrigation Developed many mathematical ideas Geometry, a number system based on 60 (think clock), 12-month calendar Sargon & Hammurabi Sargon Hammurabi King of Akkadians Conquered all of Mesopotamia Set up the world’s first empire Group of many different lands under one ruler His empire lasted 200 years King of the Babylonians Built the city of Babylon on the Euphrates River Conquered lands north and south of Babylon to create the Babylonian Empire Created the Code of Hammurabi Collection of laws covering crimes, farming, business activities, marriage, and families. Many punishments were cruel
