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Macedon
From Amyntas I to Philip II
Location
Geography
Political Structure
 Small agricultural or mountain villages
governed by a local baron.
 Monarchy dependent upon the barons.
 The king was primus inter pares.
 Accession required ratification of the
barons
 International treaties often required the
inclusion of the barons as signatories.
 There was little or no court formality.
Argead Royal House
Amyntas I ca. 513 – 497 BC
Bubares = Gygea
Alexander I 497 - 454
Amyntas I
513 - 497
Nominal subject of Darius I after 512
Benefited from the defeat of the
Paeonians.
Athenian proxenos
Offered Hippias Anthemous in 506 BC.
Alexander I
Subject to Persia from 492 BC.
 Helped Xerxes with supplies and directions.
Philhellene
 Olympic competitor in 508 or 504
 Provided lumber for Athenian fleet
 Proxenos for Athens by 480 BC.
 Joined the Delian League
Fifth Century Argeadae
Alexander I 497 - 454
Perdiccas 454 - 413
Archelaus 413 - 399
Orestes
399 – 96
Amyntas II
394/3
Menelaus
Amyntas
Arrhidaeus
Eurydice = Amyntas III
392 - 370
Amyntas III
 392 – 370
 Euridice, daughter of Sirrhas of Lyncestis
 Defeated by Illyrians in 394/3
 Returned in 392 with aid of Chalcidians
 Attacked Chalcidians in 383:
 Driven back even losing Pella
 Returned with support of Sparta
Sons of Amyntas:
Amyntas III = Eurydice
Alexander II
Perdiccas III
Philip II
(369-68)
(365 – 59)
(359 – 36)
Philip II
Philip’s problems in 359:
 Illyria hostile (holding upper Macedonia)
 Threat from Thrace;
 Supporting Pausanias for the throne
 The Paeonian raids along the Axios.
 Athens asserting claims on Amphipolis
 Supporting Argaeus for the throne
 Archelaus (half brother) claimed the throne
Philip II
Philip’s Solutions:
 The Paeonians and Illyrians were greedy so
he bought them off.
 Argaeus was overconfident so he
ambushed him.
 Athens claimed to be ‘freeing’ Amphipolis
so Philip granted them their freedom.
 Philip settled with Archelaus
Philip’s Reforms
 Weaponry standardized and provided by
the state.
 The spear was replaced by the sarissa,
 Troops under the pay of the king and could
be drilled regularly.
 The panoply was lightened.
 The cavalry became an offensive arm.
 The nobility were included in a reciprocal
deal
Macedonian Phalanx
Philip on the Offensive
 358: Attacked and defeated the Paeonians
and Illyrians.
 357: Took Amphipolis.
 With Olynthus attacked Potidaea.
 Took Crenides and renamed it Philippi.
 Revenues from gold mines
 357 BC.
 Alexander of Pherae assassinated.
 Philip drawn into a protracted war in Thessaly
The Sacred War
 355 – 347:
 Phocians sieze Delphi
 Philip supporting Larissa against Pherae
 Phocis, Pherae, Athens and Sparta
 Vs.
 Thebes, Larissa (and Philip)
 Philip given control of Amphictyonic Council
Expansion of Macedon
 344: Conquest of Illyria
 343: Conquest of Thrace
 341/0:
 Philip attacked Perinthus and Byzantium.
 Resistance from both Athens and Persia
brought a truce
 338:
 Philip marches against Athens
 Athens and Thebes defeated at Chaeronea
The League of Corinth
 337:
 Philip convenes council of Greek states at
Corinth
 Philip elected hegemon
 Panhellenic war against Persia
 336:
 Attalus and Parmenion lead advance force
to the Troad
Death of Philip
 336:
Cleopatra, daughter of Philip, to marry
Alexander of Epirus
Pausanias, member of the bodyguard,
assassinates Philip.
Philip’s Legacy