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DELHI PRIVATE SCHOOL, DUBAI 2015 -2016 SUBJECT – GENERAL SCIENCE GRADE: V DELHI PRIVATE SCHOOL G.SCIENCE ACADEMIC SYLLABUS FOR GRADE -V ACADEMIC YEAR 2016-2017 TEXT BOOK: INQUISITIVE SCIENCE- S.CHAND PUBLISHING No MONTH THEME TOPIC 1 APRIL My Universe and Me 2 May Family 3 June-July Animals 4 September Plants 5 October Food 6 November Shelter / Community 7 December Transport / Communication 8 January- Air / Water • Classification of animals and birds- vertebrate and invertebrate • Plant Life (Reproduction) • Stem-its types, functions, uses and modifications • Plant life cycle • Balanced diet and deficiency diseases • Storage, spoilage and wastage of food • Microbes and Disease • Natural Calamities • Bee colony and their life cycle • Safety and first aid • Sources of fuels • Renewable and non-renewable sources of energy • Air and Water 9 February Seasons and Festivals • Rotation and revolution of the Earth • Solar and Lunar eclipse • Organ Systems-Skeletal, muscular, circulatory, nervous, excretory and respiratory systems • Simple machines • Force • Interdependence in Nature Theme-Myself Topic-Organ System SKELETAL SYSTEM Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks. protect blood shape bones skeleton ribcage tendon minerals There are around 206 along with the connecting tissue make skeletal cranium ligaments jellyfish marrow move in the adult human body. These bones System. The skeletal system is very important for many reasons. Some bones our internal organs. The , for example, protects our brains and the protects our lungs. The skeletal system also gives us . Without a , we would be shapeless like a or an earthworm. Our bones, which are connected by , provide a frame for the rest of the organs, giving us our unique body shape. The skeletal system also helps us . Muscles, which are attached to bones by , cause the bones to move. Bones also help your body store such as calcium. If there is too much calcium in the blood, some of it becomes bone. If there is not enough calcium, then the bones give some to the blood. Finally, another important function of bones is to produce Inside bones there is a soft substance called make blood cells. . , which is used to Identify the four types of joints and write their location in our body. ___________________________ _____________________________ Muscular System A. Choose the correct option: 1. Our muscles work a) alone b) in pairs 2. Number of muscles required to smile a) 43 b) 17 3. When an arm is bent, biceps a) contract b) relax 4. In order to work properly muscles need a) oxygen b) carbon dioxide 5. Muscles are made up of a) tendons b) fibres 6. Cardiac muscles are a) voluntary b) involuntary 7. Movement of food through stomach and intestine is controlled by a) smooth muscles b) skeletal 8. In order to pump the blood the muscles of the heart a) contract b) relax 9. Tendons attach a) bones to bones b) muscles to bones 10. To keep our muscles healthy we should a) sleep enough b) exercise regularly B. 1. Feel your ear; think and state what makes it so flexible. 2. As a child one has 33 vertebrae but as we grow older they reduce in number. Why do you think it is so? Neuron The human body is made up of trillions of cells. Cells of the nervous system, called nerve cells or neurons, are specialized to carry "messages" through an electrochemical process. Neurons have specialize cell parts called dendrites and axons. Dendrites bring electrical signals to the cell body and axons take information away from the cell body. 1. A neuron is a nerve cell. 2. Nerve cells send and receive message within the brain and throughout the body. 3. Our brain is made up of hundreds of billions of neurons. 4. Neurons are connected to each other as well as the muscles. Neurons can also be classified by the direction that they send information. Sensory (or afferent) neurons: send information from sensory receptors (e.g., in skin, eyes, nose, tongue, ears)TOWARD the central nervous system. Motor (or efferent) neurons: send information AWAY from the central nervous system to muscles or glands. Interneurons: send information between sensory neurons and motor neurons. Most interneurons are located in the central nervous system. Discovery of Cell: Extended learning Robert Hooke (1635-1703), an English scientist and mechanical genius, was born on the Isle of Wight and educated at the University of Oxford. Hooke was also a pioneer in microscopic research and published his observations, which included the discovery of plant cells. His Micrographia was an important milestone in proving the importance of microscopy, and has granted him the title of English father of microscope. Hooke observed a thin slice of cork under the microscope and saw that it was mostly air, which allowed it to float, be firm, and yet compress under force. However, he also saw that there were pieces of material making up a mesh-work of supporting structures around the tiny pockets of air. Hooke named these pockets of air "cells" after the small monastery rooms they reminded him of. He had no idea that those air pockets that he called ―cells were the remains of what is now considered the primary structure of life. Invention of the Microscope Galileo Galilei is credited for creating the first compound microscope. Some Facts Regarding Human Body 1. Once we reach the age of 35, we start losing approx. 7,000 brain cells each day. 2. Blood is 78% water. 3. It takes your food about seven seconds to get from your mouth to your stomach. 4. You use 200 muscles to take a step. Things to remember ♣ The structural and functional unit that makes up a living thing is called a cell. ♣ A group of organs that work together and perform a particular function is called an organ system. ♣ Digestion is the process of breaking down the complex food into simple and soluble form by the digestive system. ♣ The respiratory system consists of the nose, the windpipe and the lungs. ♣ The circulatory system consists of the heart and the blood vessels. ♣ The nervous system is the most delicate and complex system consisting of the brain, the spinal cord and the nerves. ♣ The three types of muscles are– Voluntary, involuntary and cardiac muscles. ♣ The urinary system consists of kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra. Organ Systems The human body is composed of interactive systems. Most organs in the body are necessary, a few like tonsils are not. There are specific functions for each of the organs in the systems, but they cannot operate by themselves. Below is a chart that will help you review the different systems with your students. SYSTEMS ORGANS FUNCTIONS respiratory lungs, nasal passages, bronchi, pharynx, trachea, diaphragm, bronchial tubes intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide from body nervous spinal cord, brain, nerves, skin, eyes, ears, tongue, nose control of body activities and the reaction to stimuli digestive stomach, liver, teeth, tongue, pancreas, intestine, esophagus break down of food and absorption for use as energy excretory kidneys, bladder ureters, skin controls water and salt balance endocrine pituitary gland, adrenal gland, thyroid gland, gonads production of hormones and body regulation skeletal and muscular bones, muscles protection and movement circulatory blood, blood vessels, heart, lymph transport of nutrients, metabolic wastes, water, salts, and disease fighting cells integumentary skin protection of body from injury and bacteria, maintenance of tissue moisture, holds receptors for stimuli response, body heat regulation URINARY SYSTEM Sometimes, the urinary system is called the excretory system. But the urinary system is only one part of the excretory system. Recall that the excretory system is made up of the skin, lungs, and large intestine as well as the kidneys. The urinary system is the organ system that makes, stores, and gets rid of urine. It includes: 1. Two kidneys. 2. Two ureters. 3. One bladder. 4. One urethra. Functions of the organs of Urinary System 1. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs. Kidneys filter and clean the blood and form urine. They are about the size of your fists and are found near the middle of the back, just below your rib cage. 2. Ureters are tube-shaped and bring urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. 3. The urinary bladder is a hollow and muscular organ. It is shaped a little like a balloon. It is the organ that collects urine. 4. Urine leaves the body through the urethra. Excretory System The organs of your excretory system help to keep the correct balance of water and salts within your body. The excretory system can also help to release wastes from the body. Excretion is the process of removing wastes from the body. The organs of the excretory system are also parts of other organ systems. For example, your lungs are part of the respiratory system. Your lungs remove carbon dioxide from your body, so they are also part of the excretory system. Organs of the Excretory System Organ(s) Function Other Organ System of which it is Part Lungs Remove carbon dioxide Respiratory system Skin Sweat glands remove water, salts, and other wastes Integumentary system Large intestine Removes solid waste and some water in the form of feces Digestive system Kidneys Remove urea, salts, and excess water from the blood Urinary system Circulatory System The human circulatory system functions to transport blood and oxygen from the lungs to the various tissues of the body. The heart pumps the blood throughout the body.. The components of the human circulatory system include the heart, blood, red and white blood cells, platelets, and the lymphatic system. The Heart Located slightly to the left of the middle of your chest, the heart is made of strong muscle tissue and is protected by your rib cage. Even though it is no larger than the size of your fist, it plays a vitally important role in your body. It consists of four hollow chambers – two ventricles and two atria. All four chambers work quite like pumps and push blood throughout your body. The blood that moves towards the heart enters it through the atria and then goes out to your body through the ventricles. The Blood Vessels The blood vessels are one of the most important circulatory system organs. Your blood vessels allow blood to flow quickly from one region to another and then allow it to come back to your heart. The size of your vessels increases with an increase in the amount of blood that passes through the vessel. Blood vessels have a hollow area that allows for easy flow of blood – it's called lumen. There are three basic types of blood vessels, including capillaries, arteries and veins. ŸArteries take oxygen-rich blood away from your heart. ŸVeins take blood back toward your heart. ŸCapillaries are very tiny blood vessels that form a connection between arteries and veins. The capillary walls facilitate the transfer of oxygen, nutrients and wastes in and out of your body. FLOW OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART atria and two ventricles; the atria receive blood, while the ventricles pump blood. inferior vena cavas and the coronary sinus; blood then moves to the right ventricle where it is pumped to the lungs. -oxygenate the blood and send it to the left atrium. a the bicuspid valve; blood is pumped out of the left ventricle to the aorta, which sends blood to the organs and muscles of the body. I. Fill in the blanks: 1. The organs protected by the ribs are 2. and . absorbs the water from the food. 3. Messages from all parts of our body come to the brain through our 4. We can see with our eyes with the help of the . 5. The pipes through which blood flows are _ 6. The lungs get rid of . and the skin gets rid of 7. We sense the world through our . . 8. To get energy from blood, our body needs II. . from air. TRUE OR FALSE: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. IV. The excretory system helps the body to get rid of its waste. ( All bones in the skull are moveable. ( ) The nervous system controls the different organs of our body. ( The nose helps us to keep our balance. ( ) A joint is a place where two bones meet. ( ) ) ) Answer the following. 1. What would happen if you did not have joints? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2. Which part of the brain is responsible for the following? a) Learning b) Breathing c) Muscle coordination _ d) Memory DID YOU KNOW……… Injured persons and those undergoing major operations are given blood transfusions. Healthy people donate blood which is tested and stored in a blood bank for later use. Blood is of different types. (Blood groups) It has to be matched with the patient’s blood before the transfusion. Simple Machines New words : Effort Load Fulcrum : The force that we use on the lever. : The weight that we try to move with the help of the lever. : The point of support on the lever that does not move. A. Against the following, write ‘L’ if it is a lever; ‘I’ if it is an inclined plane; ‘P’ if it is a pulley and ‘W’ if it is a wheel and axle. 1. 2. 3. Egg beater Bottle opener Ramp in a car service station B. Fill in the blanks: 1. A 2. In a nut cracker, the and the 4. Crane 5. Sewing machine 6. Scissors machine has very few parts in it. (Complex/ Simple) lies between the . (Effort/load/fulcrum) 3. In __________ class lever effort is between the fulcrum and the load. (First/ third) 4. A ________ is used to draw water from a well. (Pulley/lever) 5. A slide is shaped like a/an (screw/inclined plane) C. Which simple machine had the greatest impact on mankind? Explain in detail. Ans._ D. Identify the different types of levers and mark the effort, fulcrum and load in each of them. _____________ ___________ __________ _________ Theme: Family Interdependence in Nature The table describes some common terms used to describe living things in their environment: Term Description Environment All the conditions that surround a living organism Habitat The place where an organism lives Population All the members of a single species that live in a habitat Community All the populations of different organisms that live together in a habitat Ecosystem A community and the habitat in which organisms live A food chain shows the different species of an organism in anecosystem, and what eats what. Producers and consumers A food chain always starts with a producer, an organism that makes food. This is usually a green plant, because plants can make their own food by photosynthesis. A food chain ends with a consumer, an animal that eats a plant or another animal. Here is an example of a simple food chain: grass → cow → human The arrows in food chains show the way in which energy is moving. They do not show what eats what. Energy Pyramids What is an energy pyramid Energy pyramid An energy pyramid is a graphical model of energy flow in a community. The different levels represent different groups of organisms that might compose a food chain. From the bottom-up, they are as follows: — bring energy from nonliving sources into the community Primary consumers — eat the producers, which makes them herbivores in most communities Secondary consumers — eat the primary consumers, which makes them carnivores Tertiary consumers — eat the secondary consumers Producers In some food chains, there is a fourth consumer level, and rarely, a fifth. Have you ever wondered why there are limits to the lengths of food chains? Why are energy pyramids shaped the way they are? An energy pyramid’s shape shows how the amount of useful energy that enters each level — chemical energy in the form of food — decreases as it is used by the organisms in that level. How does this happen? Recall that cell respiration “burns” food to release its energy, and in doing so, produces ATP, which carries some of the energy as well as heat, which carries the rest. ATP is then used to fuel countless life processes. The consequence is that even though a lot of energy may be taken in at any level, the energy that ends up being stored there – which is the food available to the next level — is far less. Scientists have calculated that an average of 90% of the energy entering each step of the food chain is “lost” this way (although the total amount in the system remains unchanged).The consumers at the top of a food pyramid, as a group, thus have much less energy available to support them than those closer to the bottom. That’s why their numbers are relatively few in most communities. Eventually, the amount of useful energy left can’t support another level. That’s why energy flow is depicted in the shape of a pyramid. The energy that enters a community is ultimately lost to the living world as heat. Answer the following questions: Q1.What is the importance of having a broad base and narrow tip in the energy pyramid? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Q2. Explain why only 10% of energy is passed in each tropic level? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Q3. Why is it better to be a herbivore than a carnivore? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Q4. Explain how balance in nature can be achieved? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Theme-Animals Animal Life Vertebrates Match the following: Animals Characteristics Cold blooded Have lungs Dry scaly skin Layeggs 1. a. 2. b. Warm blooded Give birth to young ones Live on land Body covered with hair 3. c. Warm blooded Have feathers and wings to fly Lay eggs Bones and skull very thin 4. d. Cold blooded Have scales Have gills Lay eggs in water 5. e. Cold blooded Lungs present Moist skin Lay jelly coated eggs in water 1 ___________. 2___________. 3___________. 4__________. 5___________ Complete the table Group Characteristics Sponges • Have bodies made of loosely joined cells Cnidarians • Have true tissues Flat worms • Have flat worm like bodies Round worms • Non segmented bodies. • Body cavity with internal organs Annelids • Bodies are segmented into repeated units Body divided into 3 parts Head. Thorax and Abdomen 3 pairsonofa legs andfleshy 2 pairpad of • Crawl single wings • Can have a shell • Mostly spiny skin and radial symmetry Insects Molluscs Echinoderms Example Sponges Jelly fish Marine flat worms and fresh water flatworms Heart Worms Earth worm Mosquito snails, clams Star fish Classification of Animal Kingdom Habitat Aquatic Terrestrial Aquatic Arboreal Amphibian Food habits Hours of activity Body temperature Herbivore Warm blooded Carnivore Cold blooded Omnivore Scavenger Parasite Diurnal Nocturnal I. Fill in the blanks: 1. Carnivores are animals that eat 2. Herbivores are animals that eat 3. is an omnivore. 4. is a scavenger. . . II. Give two examples of: 1. Nocturnal animals: ________, __________ 2. Diurnal animals: ___________, __________ 3. Warm blooded animals: __________, _________ 4. Cold blooded animals: ___________, __________ Research and analyze the reason for the following. a. Large ears of elephant b. Sun basking by crocodiles during winters. Presence or absence of backbone Vertebrates Invertebrates Theme-Plant Plant Life 1. Match the following: Parts of a flower 1. Stamen 2. Pistil 3. Sepal 4. Petal Functions a. To attract insects for pollination. b. To protect the flower and to prevent it from drying. c. Female parts of the flower produce ovules. d. Male parts of the flower. Produce pollen grains in the anthers. 1. ___________ 2. ____________ 3. ___________ 4. ___________ 2. Fill in the blanks: a. Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma of the same flower. _________ b. Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma of different flower of the same species. ____________c. Pistil consists of the __________, ___________ and___________. d. Stamen consists of the ___________ and ______ Enquiry based learning Modification of stem Research and find out some more modifications of stems and give two examples of each. Underground stems Tuber Example-Potato Rhizome Example-Ginger, rhizome Bulb Example-Garlic, Onion Sub-aerial stems Runner Example-Strawberry Stolon Example-Grass Aerial stems Tendril-Pea Seed Germination 1. Nadine mixed grass seeds with sand. She put the mixture into three mesh bags to make three model heads. She soaked two of the bags in water. (a) The drawings below show the model heads after one week. (i) Which two model heads did Nadine soak in water? Give the letters. ____ and _____ (ii) How can you tell this from the drawings? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Everyday Mysteries Is a coconut a fruit, nut or seed? Botanically speaking, a coconut is a fibrous one-seeded drupe, also known as a dry drupe. However, when using loose definitions, the coconut can be all three: a fruit, a nut, and a seed. Theme-Food Nutrients in Food Nutrient Use in the body Good sources Carbohydrate To provide energy Cereals, bread, pasta, rice and potatoes Protein For growth and repair of tissues and muscles. Fish, meat, eggs, beans, pulses and dairy products Fat To provide energy. Also to store energy in the body and insulate it against the cold. Butter, oil and nuts Minerals Needed in small amounts to maintain health Salt, milk (for calcium) and liver (for iron) Vitamins Needed in small amounts to maintain health Dairy foods, fruit, vegetables Fibre To provide roughage to help to keep the food moving through the gut Vegetables, bran Water Needed for cells and body fluids Fruit juice, milk, water Answer the following: 1. Name two minerals that are important for the body and write their functions. ____________________________________________________________________ 2. Dairy foods are a good source of which nutrients? Deficiency Diseases Identify the deficiency disease that the person may be suffering from and list the dietary food that he/she should include in his/her diet so that he/she may be cured. a. Weak nerves and muscles b. Bleeding of gums and swelling of joints c. Looks pale and tired d. Cannot see well at night e. Swollen gland in the neck region f. Bones break easily g. Poor growth, gets tired easily and skin gets dry and wrinkled h. Stunted growth, loss of appetite and swelling of the legs and belly S.No. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. Disease Caused due to the Corrective food to be deficiency of taken(Mention any two) Food spoilage Food spoilage means the original nutritional value, texture, flavour of the food are damaged and the food becomes harmful and unsuitable to eat. Food Facts Eggs-When something starts pecking its way out of the shell, the egg is considered to be past its prime. Dairy Products-Milk is spoiled when it starts to look like yogurt. Yogurt is spoiled when it starts to look like cottage cheese. Cottage cheese is spoiled when it starts to look like regular cheese. Bread- Fuzzy and hairy looking white or green growth areas are a good indication that your bread has got spoilt. Potatoes-Fresh potatoes do not have roots, branches, or dense, leafy undergrowth. Causes of Food Spoilage 1. Saprophytic bacteria and fungi from the soil 2. Rodents like rats 3. Insect pests like cockroaches and houseflies 4. Chemical changes within the food 5. Untreated sewage used as fertilizer can easily contaminate the food 6. Contaminated water can easily affect the food 7. Contaminated air 8. Human handling can contaminate the food through wound , running-nose or through contagious diseases Food Milk Bread vegetables Change in appearance when spoilt Cause Food preservation (a) Refrigeration: By keeping in the refrigerator, food can be preserved for a longer time. For example: milk, vegetables (b) Canning: Some food stuff can be preserved by storing them in air tight containers. For example : fruits, meat (c) Boiling: Very high temperature kills germs. For example: milk can be preserved by boiling. (d) Pickling: Food can be preserved by adding preservatives like salt, sugar and vinegar. For example: Meat jams and jellies are preserved by pickling. (e) Drying: Food can be preserved by storing them in dry places. For example: some vegetables and fruits Food product Peas Apple Mango FISH Method of preservation Another example Read the following passage and answer the questions: Pesticide spray can contaminate our waterways, and can affect aquatic plants and animals. The chemicals like DDT are either washed down into the soil or into the water bodies. From the soil; these are absorbed by the plants along with water and minerals, and from the water bodies these are taken up by aquatic plants and animals. This is one of the ways by which they enter food chain. As these chemicals are not degradable, these get accumulated progressively at each trophic level. As human beings occupy the top level in any food chain; the maximum concentration of these chemicals gets accumulated in our bodies. This phenomenon is known as biological magnification. This is the reason why our food grains such as wheat and rice, fruits and vegetables and even fish contain varying amounts of pesticide residues. These chemicals cause stomach related problems or can even affect our nervous system. a. How do chemicals enter the food chain? __________________________________________________________ __________________ b. What is biological magnification? __________________________________________________ c. What are the effects of DDT on human beings ____________________________________________________________________ Theme-Shelter and Community Microbes and Diseases A. The diagram and the characteristics are matched to each other match the microbe with them: A Bacteria Fungi B C They cannot synthesize their own food via photosynthesis, like plants do, but instead they feed off of other organisms as do animals. These are the smallest type of microbe. They are very simple and do not really have cells. They need to be in the cells of other living things to reproduce, this is why they cause diseases. They are one celled and have different shapes like spherical, oval, spiral etc. Viruses B. Use the names of the types of microbe to complete the sentences... 1. 2. can only reproduce inside the cells of animals or plants. are used to make bread and cake fluffy. 3. Food poisoning is usually caused by 4. 5. _ cause illnesses such as flu, colds and measles. are used to make cheese and yoghurt. 6. Mould on bread is caused by 7. 8. . . are the smallest microbe. _are usually made up of branched threads. C. Give reasons why: (2 reasons) 1. Microbes are both our friends and foes. 2. Viruses are thought to be neither fully living nor non-living Bee colony and their life cycle 1. Bees develop from eggs laid by the Queen. (She can lay approximately 2,000 in one day!) 2. In three days, larva crawls out and begins eating beebread (honey and pollen mixture). 3. Workers build wax cap over cell. In five days it becomes a pupa. 4. The adult bee bites its ways out of the cell. If the egg is fertilized, it will be a worker bee (21 days). If not, it will be a drone (24 days). If it is a new Queen, it will take 16 days to hatch! 5. Queens live for as long as five years. Workers live from 6 weeks to several months. 6. Drones live for one season. Collecting Nectar Bees collect nectar and pollen for their food. They collect these from flowers. The honey bee colony lives in a beehive. There are about 60,000 bees in the colony. There are three different types of bees in the colony, the queen, the workers and the drones. The drones are males. Only the queen can lay the eggs. The workers do many different jobs like looking for food, feeding the grubs that will grow into new bees, cleaning and guarding the hive and making the honey comb. The worker bees make the comb from beeswax .The tiny six sided cells which make up the honey comb are used both as cradles for young undeveloped bees and for storing honey and pollen. The bees use this as food in the cold winter months when there are very few flowers around. APICULTURE- A beekeeper (or apiarist) keeps bees in order to collect honey and other products of the hive. A location where bees are kept is called an apiary or "bee yard". PRODUCTS OF A BEE HIVE Different hive products are wax, royal jelly and propolis, which are used for nutritional and medicinal purpose. Wax is used in candle making, cosmetics, wood polish and for modeling. Propolis- is a wax like resinous substance. Royal Jelly- is a type of bee secretion that aids in the development of immature or young bees. Some Quick Bee Facts...... *Honeybees are the only insects that produce food for humans. *Just a single hive contains approximately 40-45,000 bees! *During honey production periods, a bee's life span is about 6 weeks. *Honeybees visit about 2 million flowers to make one pound of honey. *A bee travels an average of 1600 round trips in order to produce one ounce of honey; up to 6 miles per trip. To produce 2 pounds of honey, bees travel a distance equal to 4 times around the earth. *Bees fly an average of 13-15 mph. *Bees from the same hive visit about 225,000 flowers per day. One single bee usually visits between 50-1000 flowers a day, but can visit up to several thousand. *Queens lay almost 2000 eggs a day at a rate of 5 or 6 a minute. Between 175,000200,000 eggs are laid per year. *The average hive temperature is 93.50 F *The honey bee has five eyes. *Only females have stingers. *Drones tongues are too short to obtain nectar to feed themselves. *Honey bees do a dance to communicate the location of a new food source. PARTS OF THE BODY OF A FEMALE HONEY BEE Abdomen — the rear body region of a honey bee composed of nine segments and contains many organs including those for digestion, reproduction and respiration. Antenna(e) — the moveable, sensitive feelers on an insect’s head which detect odour and movement. Cocoon — the silk chamber a larva spins around itself just prior to the pupal stage of development. Compound eye — an eye made up of thousands of tiny lenses that allow a honey bee to see ultraviolet light, which is invisible to the human eye, as well as visible light (except red). Exoskeleton — the hard outer covering which forms a bee’s body. Head — the forward body region of the honey bee that contains the compound eyes, simple eyes, antennae, jaws, and proboscis. Honey sac — the stomach-like organ that is connected by a funnel shaped valve to the digestive tract. The nectar stored here will be unloaded into empty hive cells or passed on to house bees for food. Legs — a honey bee has three pairs of segmented legs used not only for walking but also to dust off antennae, brush pollen out of the thousands of branched hairs that cover the body, and to store pollen. Proboscis or tongue — a straw-like structure used for sucking nectar or honey. Pollen basket — a smooth, somewhat concave surface of the outer hind leg that is fringed with long, curved hairs that hold the pollen in place. Stinger — found in a chamber at the end of the abdomen (in female honey bees only) and is used to defend against intruders. Thorax — the middle section of the honey bee that contains the flight muscles, the wings and six legs. Wax gland(s) — four pairs of glands that are specialized parts of the body wall. During the wax forming period in the life of a worker, they become greatly thickened and take on a glandular structure. The wax is discharged as a liquid and hardens to small flakes or scales. Wing(s) — the honey bee has two sets of flat, thin, membranous wings, strengthened by various veins. The fore wings are larger than the hind wings. Theme-Transport and Communication Our Environment- Sources of fuels. You all know that the life on earth is sustained by energy from the Sun. Plants and animals can store energy and some of this energy remains with them when they die. It is the remains of these animals and plants that make up fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are non-renewable because they will run out one day. Burning fossil fuels generates greenhouse gases and relying on them for energy generation is unsustainable. Renewable or infinite energy sources are sources of power that quickly replenish themselves and can be used again and again. Renewable sources are the sources which will never run out. For example –solar energy and wind energy. Non–renewable sources are the sources which eventually may run out. For example: coal, oil and gas. Solar Energy: Energy from the Sun is called solar energy .The Sun is a huge source of renewable energy. The Sun is the closest star to Earth, only 149.6 million km (93 million miles) away. Solar energy is transmitted to Earth through space. Solar energy is then absorbed by our atmosphere, oceans and plant life. Sunlight contains electromagnetic energy. This energy can be changed into electrical energy by photovoltaic cells. These cells are made of a material called silicon. When this material is exposed to Sunlight an electric current can be produced. This is how a calculator works. The Sun’s energy can be used to heat homes, to power cars, weather stations and even satellites. Wind Turbines A windmill that produces electricity is called a wind turbine, or a wind energy converter (WEC). Wind turbines are much larger than windmills, over 39 metres high. The amount of electricity a turbine can produce depends on the strength of the wind, and also the size of the blades. If the wind is too strong the turbine has to shut down. Wind Farms-A group of wind turbines is called a wind farm. They are usually found on top of hills, where the wind can flow freely and is not blocked by trees or buildings. There must be plenty of space between each turbine to give the blades room to spin. In some countries, wind farms can have hundreds of turbines. There are many advantages to wind power, but there are a lot of points we need to consider when investigating the benefits of this source of energy: Noise is generated from wind turbines. For some people, wind farms have a negative impact on the view of a landscape. There are potential local wildlife impacts such as birds being killed by the blades of the turbine. The wind is not always predictable. Some days may have a lot of wind and others may have no wind at all. Water Energy: Energy from the water is called water energy The larger the river the more energy can be harnessed, so in some parts of the world large rivers are used by Hydro Power Stations to make electricity. In hydroelectric stations, water is stored in reservoirs or behind dams. Water flows downhill through large pipes and through the turbines. The falling water turns the turbines, spins the shaft, and turns the generator to make electricity. Tidal Energy: Tidal power, also called tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into electricity. Every time the tide comes in and goes out electricity can be generated. Tidal power is a renewable source of energy. Geothermal Energy : Geothermal energy is the natural heat of the earth. Step 1 -A deep hole or well is drilled down into the reservoir of steam or hot fluids. Step 2 - Cool water is pumped down through a pipe, where it is heated by the hot fluids. Step 3 - The steam produced is released at the surface and used to drive a turbine generator to make electricity. Step 4 - The geothermal water (the water from inside the earth) is then pumped back down the bore hole to be reheated by earth. Biomass Energy Biomass is the name given to all living material - trees, crops, wood, branches, leaves and animal waste. These all contain stored sunlight in the form of chemical energy. Biogas is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. It can be produced in large generators from shredded plants and animal waste. When these materials start to break down, biogas collects at the top of the tank. It can then be stored and used instead of natural gas in cooking and heating. The biggest advantage of biogas is that unlike natural gas, it will never run out! • Biomass can also be used to produce fuel for cars and other vehicles. Plant material is put into large heated tanks called digesters. Inside the tanks, chemicals are added which change the plant material into an alcohol called ethanol. • In Brazil many cars run on ethanol made from sugar cane plants. • In U.S.A. ethanol produced from corn is added to petrol to reduce pollution. Non-renewable sources of energy • The three most common and widely used fossil fuels are coal, natural gas and oil. • Fossil fuels are used to generate energy for electricity and heat. • They are formed by the decomposition of prehistoric animals and plants that died millions of years ago. Energy riddles: I am the energy in things that used to be alive. My energy is stored in trees, plants, and garbage. You can burn me to make heat and electricity. I can pollute the air when I am burned. _ 2. I am heat energy from inside the Earth. I heat underground rocks and water. Sometimes I am buried too deep to use. I am clean energy. _ 3. I am the energy in moving water. Dams can harness my energy. My power can make electricity. I am clean, cheap energy. 4. I make plants grow and I give you light. I make the wind blow and the rain fall. Today, it costs a lot to harness my energy. Photovoltaic cells can turn my energy into electricity. 5. I am the energy in moving air. Some places have a lot of me, others only a little. Machines with blades capture my energy, turning it into electricity. I don't pollute the air, but cause noise pollution. _ 6. I look like a shiny black rock. I am a fossil fuel that is buried underground. I can pollute the air when I am burned to make electricity. 7. I'm a gas with no colour, no taste and no smell. Companies give me a funny smell so that you can tell if I escape. Companies drill wells to pump me from the ground. I am the cleanest burning fossil fuel. . _ B. List down three sources of fuel. C. Fill in the blanks: electricity, plastics, vehicles, heat, non- renewable Fossil fuels are used to generate and as fuel for Fossil fuels are called cannot be made again. , to our homes, . Oil is used in the manufacture of , because when they run out they . D. Imagine what the world would be like if we ran out of fossil fuels! Think of all the ways your life would be different if this happened. (3 points) Theme-Air and Water I. Circle the correct answer: 1. There are four/ five layers in the atmosphere. 2. The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere/troposphere 3. Nitrogen/ Oxygen is present in the maximum quantity in the air. 4. Soluble impurities can be removed by decantation/ distillation. 5. Insoluble impurities can be removed by filtration/ evaporation. 6. Water should be boiled for at least 2 minutes/ 10 minutes to make it suitable for drinking. II. Fill in the blanks. Choose the correct word from the box: Weight, Oxygen, carbon dioxide, polluted, atmosphere, mixture, occupies 1. The blanket of air around the Earth is called 2. Air _______ space and has . .____ 3. Air is a _____________of gases. 4. A balance of ______ and ______________ is maintained in our nature. 5. We should not breathe _______________ air. in nature. 5. The air we breathe should not be . III. Answer the following: 1. List any three human activities which are polluting the air. _ 2. List any three harmful effects of air pollution. ___ _ _ ___ _ _ Purification Methods Choose a suitable method to separate the following. Fill in the blanks or complete the sentences to briefly describe the method. 1. To separate red beans from water, the most suitable method is . The red beans settle at the bottom of the glass, forming a layer of . 2. To separate rice from water, the most suitable method is . By passing the water with rice through a , the rice is separated out. 3. To separate water from coffee, the most suitable method is . The coffee is boiled to produce steam. The steam then condenses into water upon cooling. The coffee is once to separate water from it. 4. To separate the residue from soybean milk, the most suitable method is . By passing the soybean milk with the residue through a the is separated out. 5. To separate water from soybean milk, the most suitable method is The soybean milk is to produce steam. The steam then into water upon . 6. To separate tea leaves from the tea, the most suitable method is Theme-Seasons and festivals Movements of the Earth Eclipses 2. Identify the given diagram and label the different parts 1. This diagram represents a because the _______________ comes between ____________ and the Sun. 2. This happens during which phase of the Moon? ______________ . _ . 3. It is a “lucky coincidence” that we can observe total solar eclipses on the Earth. Why ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Delhi Private School, Dubai Model Test Paper-1 A. Fill in the blanks: 1. is the hottest and brightest planet in the solar system. 2. was the first man and was the first woman to go into space. 3. The planets revolve around the Sun in fixed 4. The asteroid belt is present between . orbits. and B. Name these: 1. The first Indian satellite to be launched into space. 2. Name which type of artificial satellite will be used in the given situations: a. Warning of storms or cyclones. b. Research of our Solar System. c. Transmission of TV signals. C. I) Identify the given diagram and label the parts. II) The diagram represents _____________because the _______comes in between _______ and the moon. . 2. This happens during which ________phase of the Moon. III) Why is it not dangerous to watch lunar eclipse? D. I) Identify the organ system and label the parts. Name of the organ system: II) Answer the questions below. 1. Where are your lungs located? 2. Your lungs remove_ from your blood and blood takes 3. from lungs. What is the other name of trachea? E. Study the given diagram and label the given objects: Label the areas having high tides and the areas having low tides. A. B. C. 1. The cause for high and low tides is . 2. The effect of Sun’s gravitational pull on ocean water becomes less because . 3. Tides occur a day. F. a) Draw the diagram of the digestive system and label any 6 parts. b) Answer the questions: 1. The digested food is absorbed by the blood in the 2. and . secrete juice in the small intestine. 3. The water from the undigested food is absorbed in the . 4. Where does the digestion of food begin? 5. The juice that is produced in the mouth is called . 6. The undigested food is thrown out of the body through the G. Give reasons why :(any 5) 1. Moon’s surface is covered with craters, but Earth’s surface has very few craters. 2. The sky on the Earth is blue. 3. We see different shapes of the Moon every night. 4. When we have a blocked nose or a cold, the food does not taste as good. . 5. Life exists on Earth. 6. The digestive, respiratory and the circulatory systems are said to be related. H. Answer the following questions : (any 2) 1. Give one difference between arteries and veins. 2. The planets move in their fixed orbits. Why? 3. Prove that cells are the structural unit of living things. I. Make a flow chart using the words given in the box: Universe, Satellites, Milky Way, planets, Sun, Solar System Delhi Private School, Dubai Answer key-1 A. Fill in the blanks: 1. Venus is the hottest and brightest planet in the solar system. 2. Neil Armstrong was the first man and Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman to go into space. 3. The planets revolve around the Sun in fixed elliptical orbits. 4. The asteroid belt is present between Mars and Jupiter. B. Name these: a. The first Indian satellite to be launched into space. Aryabhatta b. Name which type of artificial satellite will be used in the given situations: i. Warning of storms or cyclones. Weather ii. Research of our Solar System. Research/Astronomy iii. Transmission of TV signals. Communication C. I) Identify the given diagram and label the parts. Sun.Earth,Moon,shadow of the Earth 44 II) 1. This diagram represents a Lunar Eclipse because the Earth comes in between the Sun and the Moon. 2. This happens during which phase of the Moon. Full Moon III) Why is it not dangerous to watch? It is not dangerous to watch because the Moon does not have light of its own and reflects the Sun’s light. D. I) Identify the organ system and label the parts. Name of the organ system: Respiratory System Nose, trachea, bronchus, lung II) Answer the questions below. 1. Where are your lungs located? Chest 2. Your lungs remove carbon dioxide from your blood and blood takes oxygen from lungs. 3. What is the other name of trachea? Wind pipe E. Study the given diagram and label the given objects: Label the areas having high tides and the areas having low tides. A.Sun B. Earth Low tide High C. Moon High Low 1. The cause for high and low tides is the gravitational pull of the Moon. 2. The effect of Sun’s gravitational pull on ocean water becomes less because it is much farther away than the Moon. 3. Tides occur twice a day. F. a) Draw the diagram of the digestive system and label any 6 parts. G. b) Answer the questions: 1. The digested food is absorbed by the blood in the small intestine. 45 2. Liver and pancreas secrete juice in the small intestine. 3. The water from the undigested food is absorbed in the large intestine. 4. Where does the digestion of food begin? mouth 5. The juice that is produced in the mouth is called saliva. 6. The undigested food is thrown out of the body through the anus. H. Give reasons why :(any 5) 1. Moon’s surface is covered with craters, but Earth’s surface has very few craters. Earth has atmosphere so when the meteorites enter the atmosphere they burn off due to friction with air and become smaller in size by the time they hit the Earth’s surface. The Moon has less gravity; this is the reason why there is no atmosphere. 2. The sky on the Earth is blue. Sunlight is made up of all the colors of the rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. The gas molecules in the atmosphere interact with the Sunlight before the light reaches our eyes. The gas molecules in the atmosphere scatter the higher-energy blue portion of the Sunlight more than they scatter the lower-energy red portion of the Sunlight. The Sun appears reddish-yellow and the sky surrounding the Sun is colored by the scattered blue waves. 3. We see different shapes of the Moon every night. We can see the Moon in the sky because it reflects the light of the Sun. As the Moon orbits the Earth, different areas of it reflect light to us on different days. So the Moon appears to change it shape every day. 4. When we have a blocked nose or a cold, the food does not taste as good. The receptors for smell are present at the back of the nose. The sense of smell and tastes are linked. 5. Life exists on Earth. 46 a. The atmosphere maintains the temperature so that the Earth is neither too hot nor too cold. b. The atmosphere has oxygen which is needed by all living things. c. It has ozone which stops the UV rays of the Sun from reaching the Earth. 6. The digestive, respiratory and the circulatory systems are said to be related. The digested food and oxygen is taken by blood to all the cells of the body where food combines with oxygen to give energy. I. Answer the following questions : (any 2) 1. Give one difference between arteries and veins. Arteries Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the other parts of the body. Veins Veins carry the blood back from the other areas of the body to the heart. Arteries also have thicker walls as the blood pressure is much higher having a closer proximity to the heart. They have thinner walls when compared to arteries. 2. The planets move in their fixed orbits. Why? The gravitational pull of the planets and the Sun keep them in fixed orbit. 3. Prove that cells are the structural unit of living things. All living things are made up of cells which combine to form tissues which form organs which forms organ systems and finally the organism. 47 J. Make a flow chart using the words given in the box: Universe Milky Way Solar System Sun planets Satellites Delhi Private School, Dubai Model test Paper-2 I. Fill in the blanks: 1. The baby plant gets its food from 2. , and stages in the life cycle of a plant. 3. The digested food is absorbed by the blood in the 4. _ and _. are the different . secrete juice in the small intestine. 5. The water from the undigested food is absorbed in the 6. The undigested food is thrown out of the body through the 7. Lack of in our diet makes the bones weak. II. Name these: a. A diet containing all the nutrients in the right quantity. b. The juice that is produced in the mouth. 48 . . c. Two nutrients that provide us with energy are ____ and ______ d. This nutrient is needed for muscle building and for repairing worn out tissues. e. A muscular organ that pumps blood. V. Circle the odd one: 1. Sugar, fruits, eggs, potato 2. Fish, milk, eggs, rice 3. Fruits, butter, oil, cheese 4. Arteries, veins, nerves, capillaries 5. Liver, oesophagus, pancreas, salivary glands 6. Carrot, sweet potato, potato, radish VI. Identify the plant and write the type of vegetative propagation. Specimen Name the plant Type of propagation VII. Complete the table on deficiency diseases: 49 Another Example S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Nutrient Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin D Iron Iodine Deficiency Diseases One Preventive food VIII. Categorize the given seeds/fruits based on the method of dispersal. Coconut, dandelion, maple, cherry, pea, cocklebur, mangrove, bean Wind IX. 1. 2. 3. 4. X. water Animals Explosion Give at least two reasons why :(any 3) Blood is needed by all the parts of a body. Gardeners find vegetative propagation useful. Water does not contain any nutrients but still it is essential for us. Salt and sugar are used for food preservation. Answer the following questions : (any 3) 1. What would happen if all the seeds from a parent plant were to fall beneath it? 2. How does water help in seed germination? 3. What is hydroponic farming? 4. What is food preservation? Mention any 2 methods to preserve food. XI. Draw and label the parts of a closed and split bean. XII. Draw and label the parts of the respiratory system. XIII. A. Differentiate between arteries and veins.( any 2) What are capillaries? 50 OR XIV. B. Think and answer. Prove that cells are the structural and functional unit of all living things. Explain in detail.(At least 3 lines) Delhi Private School, Dubai Answer key-2 General Science I. Fill in the blanks: 1. The baby plant gets its food from cotyledons. 2. Germination, growth and reproduction are the different stages in the life cycle of a plant. 3. The digested food is absorbed by the blood in the small intestine. 4. Pancreas and liver secrete juice in the small intestine. 5. The water from the undigested food is absorbed in the large intestine. 6. The undigested food is thrown out of the body through the anus. 7. Lack of calcium in our diet makes the bones weak. II. Name these: 1. A diet containing all the nutrients in the right quantity. balanced diet 2. The juice that is produced in the mouth. saliva 3. Two nutrients that provide us with energy .carbohydrate and fat 51 4. This nutrient is needed for muscle building and for repairing worn out tissues. protein 5. A muscular organ that pumps blood. heart III. Circle the odd one: 1. Sugar, fruits, eggs, potato 2. Fish, milk, eggs, rice 3. Fruits, butter, oil, cheese 4. Arteries, veins, nerves, capillaries 5. Liver, oesophagus, pancreas, salivary glands 6. Carrot, sweet potato, potato, radish IV. Identify the plant and write the type of vegetative propagation. Specimen Name the plant Type of propagation onion Bulb(underground stem) mushroom spores fern strawberry runner grass Sweet potato root dahlia V. Complete the table on deficiency diseases: 52 Another Example tulip S.No. 1 Nutrient Vitamin A Deficiency Diseases One Preventive food Night blindness Carrots, papaya, mango, green leafy vegetables Beriberi Cereals, milk, meat, fish, eggs, nuts, Scurvy Citrus fruits, green leafy vegetables, cabbage, amla 2 3 Vitamin B Vitamin C 4 Vitamin D Rickets 5 6 Iron Iodine Anaemia Goitre Milk, fish, meat, cod liver oil, Sunlight, butter, egg Apple, banana, spinach, meat Iodized salt, shrimp VI. Categorize the given seeds/fruits based on the method of dispersal. Coconut, dandelion, maple, cherry, pea, cocklebur, mangrove, bean Wind water Animals Explosion dandelion Coconut cherry pea maple mangrove cocklebur bean VII. Give at least two reasons why :(any 3) 1. Blood is needed by all the parts of a body because it carries food and oxygen to all the parts of the body. 2. Gardeners find vegetative propagation useful as a. It is faster. b. Identical off springs are produced so the advantageous traits can be preserved. Only one parent is required which eliminates the need for pollination. c. Helps to tide over unfavourable conditions. 3. Water does not contain any nutrients but still it is essential for us as it helps in most of the metabolic processes. We lose a lot of water during breathing, perspiration and urination. 53 4. Salt and sugar are used for food preservation. Food that has been treated with salt or sugar to preserve it will not usually have enough water available at the surface to allow the multiplication of any microbes that land on it. The microbes may, in fact, die from dehydration, as water is removed from them. VIII. Answer the following questions: (any 3) 1. What would happen if all the seeds from a parent plant were to fall beneath it? If the seeds are not dispersed, they would just fall next to the parent plant. This means they would be constantly fighting for enough water, light and nutrients. 2. How does water help in seed germination? Water helps to break the seed coat. It also makes the food soluble which helps the baby plant to get food and thus start growing. 3. What is hydroponic farming? Hydroponic agriculture involves growing plants in water enriched with nutrients, or in an inert medium like gravel or rock wool, through which nutrient-enriched water passes. 4. What is food preservation? Mention any 2 methods to preserve food. The process of preventing food from being spoilt by germs is known as preservation of food. Example- canning, dehydration IX. Draw and label the parts of a closed and split bean. 54 Closed bean Split bean X. Draw and label the parts of the respiratory system. XI. A. Differentiate between arteries and veins. ( any 2) What are capillaries? Arteries Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the other parts of the body. 55 Veins Veins carry the blood back from the other areas of the body to the heart. Arteries have thicker walls as the blood pressure is much higher having a closer proximity to the heart. They have thinner walls when compared to arteries. Arteries mostly carry oxygenated Veins mostly carry deoxygenated (do blood(contains oxygen) from the heart not contain) blood from the body to to the body the heart. Capillaries are the smallest of the blood vessels and serve as the connection between the arterial and venal systems. OR XI. B. Think and answer. Prove that cells are the structural and functional unit of all living things. Explain in detail.(At least 3 lines) All living things are made up of cells which combine to form tissues. Many tissues with similar functions form organs which forms organ systems and finally the organism. In unicellular organisms all the life processes are carried out in the single cell. Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism