Download cervical cancer

What is cervical
cancer
HPV
Vaccination
Symptoms
Topics To Be
Discussed
Treatment
Detection
Causes
What Is Cervical Cancer ?
Cervical cancer occurs when abnormal cells
develop and spread in the cervix, the lower
part of the uterus.Unique fact about
cervical cancer is that most cases are
triggered by a type of virus. When found
early, cervical cancer is highly curable.
BACK
Symptoms
Abnormal cervical cell changes rarely cause symptoms. If cervical
cell changes progress to cancer, symptoms may include:
•Vaginal bleeding that isn't normal, such as between menstrual periods, after sex,
or after menopause.
•Pain during sex.
•Vaginal discharge that isn't normal.
•A significant unexplained change in your menstrual cycle.
The symptoms of advanced cervical cancer may include:
•Anemia because of abnormal vaginal bleeding.
•Ongoing pelvic, leg, or back pain.
•Urinary problems because of blockage of a kidney or ureter.
•Leakage of urine or stool into the vagina. This can happen when an abnormal
opening (fistula) has developed between the vagina and the bladder or rectum.
•Weight loss.
BACK
Factors
• The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a large group of viruses.
About 40 types can infect the genital areas, and some have
high risk for cervical cancer. Genital HPV infections usually
clear up on their own. If one becomes chronic, it can cause
changes in the cells of the cervix. And it's these changes that
may lead to cancer. Worldwide, over 90% of cervical cancers
are caused by an HPV infection.
BACK
How HPV Causes Cervical Cancer?
If one of the high-risk strains of HPV
lingers in the body, it can cause abnormal
cells to develop in the cervix. These
precancerous changes do not mean that
you have cervical cancer. But over time,
the abnormal cells may give way to
cancer cells. Once cancer appears, it
tends to spread in the cervix and
surrounding areas.
BACK
Detection
Early Detection
Pap-Test
HPV DNA
Test
Diagnostic Test
Early Detection-Pap Test
• The Pap test is a routine screening test used to find
abnormal cell changes of the cervix and to screen for
cervical cancer.
• Regular Pap test screening is the most important tool in
finding and treating cervical cell changes before they
progress to cervical cancer.
• The recommended Pap test schedule is based on your
age and things that increase your risk. Talk to your doctor
about how often to have this test.
• When your doctor says that your Pap test, or Pap smear,
was abnormal, it means that the test found some cells on
your cervix that do not look normal.
• A Pap test may be done as part of a woman's routine
physical exam, because it's the best way to prevent
cervical cancer. But having an abnormal test result
doesn't mean you have cancer. In fact, the chances that
you have cancer are very small
BACK
Early Detection-HPV DNA Test
In some cases, doctors may offer the option
of the HPV DNA test in addition to a Pap
test. This test checks for the presence of
high-risk forms of HPV. It may be used in
combination with a Pap test to screen for
cervical cancer in women over 30. It may
also be recommended for a woman of any
age after an abnormal Pap test result.
BACK
Diagnostic Test
If cervical cancer is suspected, your doctor will ask about your medical
history and do a physical exam, including a pelvic exam and a Pap test.
Tests to confirm a diagnosis of cervical cancer include:
• A colposcopy and cervical biopsy. This test can find out whether and
where cancer cells are on the surface of the cervix.
• An endocervical biopsy (or curettage). This test is to find out whether
cancer cells are in the cervical canal.
• A cone biopsy or loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP).
These tests are sometimes recommended to remove cervical tissue for
examination under a microscope.
BACK
Treatment
Cervical cancer found in its early stages can be successfully treated. The choice of treatment
and the long-term outcome (prognosis) of cervical cancer depend on the type
and stage of cancer. Your age, overall health, quality of life, and desire to be able to have
children must also be considered.
Types of treatment:
• Treatment choices for cervical cancer may be a single therapy or a combination of
therapies, such as:
• Surgery to remove the cancer. The type of surgery needed depends on the location and
extent of cervical cancer and whether you want to have children.
• Radiation therapy , which uses high-dose X-rays or implants in the vaginal cavity to
kill cancer cells. It is used for certain stages of cervical cancer. It is often used in
combination with surgery. Chemoradiation, which is a combination of chemotherapy and
radiation. This is often used to treat both early-stage and late-stage cervical cancer.
• Chemotherapy , which uses medicines to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy may be used to
treat advanced cervical cancer.
BACK
BACK
HPV Vaccination
HPV vaccines are given as a series of three shots over 6 months
to protect against HPV infection and the health problems that
HPV infection can cause. There are three HPV vaccines
(Cervarix, Gardasil, and Gardasil 9). Girls and young women
should get any of these HPV vaccines to prevent cervical
cancer.Two of the HPV vaccines (Gardasil and Gardasil 9) also
protect against genital warts and anal cancer in both females
and males. Boys should get one of these HPV vaccines to
prevent anal cancer and genital warts. Girls can get either of
these vaccines to prevent cervical cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal
cancer, anal cancer and genital warts.
HPV vaccines offer the best protection to girls and boys who
receive all three vaccine doses and have time to develop an
immune response before being sexually active with another
person. That's why HPV vaccination is recommended for
preteen girls and boys at age 11 or 12 years.
BACK